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    Energy Resources: in Energy Statitistics It Is Called Primary Energy

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    Nina Anina
    This document provides information about different types of energy resources including fossil fuels, nuclear fuels, geothermal, hydropower, wind, and biomass. It discusses primary and secondary energy sources and how primary energy like coal, oil, natural gas, and others are converted into secondary energy sources like electricity, liquid fuels, and hydrogen to ultimately provide useful energy services. Statistics are presented on global reserves and consumption of oil, natural gas, coal, and renewable resources like geothermal and wind power.

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    Energy Resources: in Energy Statitistics It Is Called Primary Energy

    Uploaded by

    Nina Anina
    84 views34 pages
    This document provides information about different types of energy resources including fossil fuels, nuclear fuels, geothermal, hydropower, wind, and biomass. It discusses primary and secondary energy sources and how primary energy like coal, oil, natural gas, and others are converted into secondary energy sources like electricity, liquid fuels, and hydrogen to ultimately provide useful energy services. Statistics are presented on global reserves and consumption of oil, natural gas, coal, and renewable resources like geothermal and wind power.

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    Energy Resource

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    This document provides information about different types of energy resources including fossil fuels, nuclear fuels, geothermal, hydropower, wind, and biomass. It discusses primary and secondary energy sources and how primary energy like coal, oil, natural gas, and others are converted into secondary energy sources like electricity, liquid fuels, and hydrogen to ultimately provide useful energy services. Statistics are presented on global reserves and consumption of oil, natural gas, coal, and renewable resources like geothermal and wind power.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    84 views34 pages

    Energy Resources: in Energy Statitistics It Is Called Primary Energy

    Uploaded by

    Nina Anina
    This document provides information about different types of energy resources including fossil fuels, nuclear fuels, geothermal, hydropower, wind, and biomass. It discusses primary and secondary energy sources and how primary energy like coal, oil, natural gas, and others are converted into secondary energy sources like electricity, liquid fuels, and hydrogen to ultimately provide useful energy services. Statistics are presented on global reserves and consumption of oil, natural gas, coal, and renewable resources like geothermal and wind power.

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    of 34

    ENERGY RESOURCES

    ENERGY SOURCES

    ENERGY RESOURCES

    Where does it come from?

    How much are there? How much do we have?

    In energy statitistics it is called Primary Energy

    Energy Classification Primary energy


    Fossil fuels Nuclear fuels Geothermal Hydropower Wind Waves Tidal energy Ocean heat Charcoal (from wood)

    Secondary energy
    Electricity (from anything) Liquid fuels (from anything) Hydrogen (from anything)

    ENERGY RESOURCES

    Coal Petroleum Geothermal

    Biomass

    PRINCIPLES OF RESOURCE CLASSIFICATION

    How much are there?

    OIL
    World Reserves World total 1,371

    Oil

    World Reserves 2006 (billion bbl)

    World total 1,371

    144.4

    163.5 (oil sand)


    59.9

    742.7
    117.2 103.5
    5.7

    16.3 4.2 4.3 (0.4% of world reserves)

    4.2

    Oil

    World Reserves World total 1,371

    4.3 (0.4% of world reserves)

    Nat Gas

    World Reserves World total 181.5

    Trillion cubic metres

    2.63 ( = 93 TCF) (1.5% of world reserves)

    Nat Gas

    World Reserves 2006 (TCF)

    World total 6405

    2263

    282 501

    2593

    86 38 19 12

    243

    93 (0.4% of world reserves)

    92

    Coal

    World Reserves 2006 (billion tons)


    World Total 909

    287.1 254.4
    114.5 50.3 92.4 4.9 (share: 0.5%)
    19.9

    78.5

    Renewable Energy Resources


    Expressed in POWER or power density instead of physical quantity (volume or mass)

    Geothermal Hydropower Wind power Solar radiation

    MW MW W/m2 (power density) or in m/s (wind speed) W/m2 of or kWh/m2 per year

    Geothermal Resources
    Energy from heat contained in the rock and fluid, derived from radioactive decay deep in earth

    Temperatures in Celsius

    Depth in kilometers

    2,000 4,000 6,000

    4,000

    5,000

    Geothermal Resources Depends upon the fluid phase hydrothermal resources


    vapor-dominated reservoirs (steam only) liquid-dominated reservoirs (steam and water, or water only)

    Hot Dry Rock (HDR)


    No water, just hot, deep-seated rock

    Geothermal Resources
    Classified by temperature: low temperature
    (less than 90C)

    moderate temperature
    (90C - 150C)

    high temperature
    (greater than 150C).

    Wind power
    Recall:

    Kinetic Energy =

    1 mv 2 2

    1 m 2 kg 2 s

    Joule

    Kinetic Power =

    1 mv 2 2

    1 kg m 2 2 s s

    J = Watt s

    (kg/s) = Velocity (m/s) x Area (m2) x Density (kg/m3) Power = 0.5 x Swept Area x Air Density x Velocity3

    velocity Swept Area

    Power = 0.5 x Swept Area x Air Density x Velocity3

    Classes of wind power density at 10 m and 50 m Wind Power Wind Power Density (W/m2) 0 1 100 2 150 3 200 4 5 6 400 7 1000 7.0 9.4 800 2000 8.8 11.9 250 300 6.0 6.4 500 600 7.5 8.0 5.6 400 7.0 5.1 300 6.4 4.4 200 5.6 10 m Speed (b) m/s 0 50 m Wind Power Density (W/m2) 0 Speed (b) m/s 0

    Class*

    The world's largest wind turbine generator Blade diameter : 126 metres What is the wind power at wind speed of 14m/s Power = 0.5 x Swept Area x Air Density x Velocity3 Rotors sweep an area of PI x (diameter/2)2 = 12470 m2 ! Air density is 1.23 kg/m3 Wind Power = 0.5 x 12,470 x 1.23 x (14 x 14 x 14) = 21,000,000 Watts = 21 MW Actual power: 5 MW Eff: 21%

    Sizes and Applications

    Small (10 kW)


    Homes Farms Remote Applications
    (e.g. water pumping, telecom sites, icemaking)

    Intermediate (10-250 kW)


    Village Power Hybrid Systems Distributed Power

    Large (250 kW - 2+MW)


    Central Station Wind Farms Distributed Power

    Hydropower

    Potential Energy = mgH H


    m3/s m

    Hydropower = 1000 Q g H (Watt) = 10 Q H (kW)

    Hydropower = 10 Q H Eff (kW) Typical eff: 70%

    Energy Conversion and Distribution

    Energy Classification Primary energy


    Fossil fuels Nuclear fuels Geothermal Hydropower Wind Waves Tidal energy Ocean heat Charcoal (from wood)

    Secondary energy
    Electricity (from anything) Liquid fuels (from anything) Hydrogen (from anything)

    Energy Conversion
    Primary energy
    Conversion Secondary energy Electricity Liquid fuels Conversion Energy services Direct use Heating Mechanical

    PRIMARY ENERGY TO ENERGY SERVICES

    ELECTRICITY TRANSMISSION

    FUEL
    ELECTRICITY DISTRIBUTION

    POWER PLANT

    DELIVERED ENERGY

    HEAT

    USEFUL ENERGY

    Energy Conversion
    LPG Liquid fuels Conv. Energy services

    Crude oil

    Refinery

    Petrochemical feedstock Non-fuel products

    OIL CHAIN INDONESIA

    INSTALASI/DEPOT/ T.TRANSIT

    RAIL TANK WAGON

    IMPOR BBM
    Pipeline

    Pipeline

    IMPOR CRUDE DEPOT

    KILANG LADANG MINYAK


    OIL BARGE

    Pipeline

    BUNKER PIT

    BUNKER SERVICE

    SPBU

    INDUSTRI

    BUNKER SERVICE

    SPBU Apung

    INDUSTRI

    INDUSTRI

    Energy Conversion

    Power plant Coal

    Electricity Conv. Energy services

    Liquefaction

    Liquid fuels

    Energy Conversion

    Power plant Nat Gas

    Electricity Conv. Energy services

    Liquefaction

    Liquid fuels

    World Primary Energy Consumption 2006


    Hydro 6% Oil 36%

    Nuclear 6%

    Coal 28% Gas 24%


    World Total 10,878 million TOE

    PRIMARY ENERGY CONSUMPTION

    COAL HYDRO NUCLEAR GAS

    OIL

    PRIMARY ENERGY CONSUMPTION

    COAL HYDRO
    NUCLEAR

    GAS

    OIL

    North America

    S.Cent America

    Europe

    MidEast

    Africa

    Asia Pacific

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