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medical laboratory sciences (Meru University of Science and Technology)

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MERU NATIONAL POLYTECHNIC

TALASO HARO WAKO

COURSE: SCIENCE LABORATORY TECHNOLOGY

SUPERVISOR: MR. FRANKLINE THURANIRA

INTERNSHIP REPORT SUBMITTED TO MEWASS DEPARTMENT OF

LABORATORY, PRODUCTION & SEWERAGE

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DECLARATION

I, Taraso Hako hereby declare that this internship report is mine and it is a result of my daily
work I conducted in a monthly training at Meru Water and Sewerage Compamy from August to
December 2023

I Taraso Hoko

Signature.......................................................

Date…………………………………………

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DEDICATION
I dedicate this report to my parents, brother and sister and to my Supervisor at Mewass for they
undivided effort to support me in my career growth through mentorship, financing and Moral
Support.

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
First of all I thank the almighty God for His blessing and mercy to me. My appreciation is
addressed to the people who have contributed their time, efforts, ideas and encouragement in
order to accomplish this internship work successfully. I want to thank the Managing Director of
Meru Water and Sewerage Company for giving me a chance complete my internship at
MEWASS. I deeply thank to Supervisor in charge of laboratory, Production and water treatment
department, because of their kind cooperation during internship period and other laboratory
technicians in the water quality analysis and water controlling in this institution for their support
and assistance during this internship work and they provided me the practical knowledge of the
water treatment plant, without their guidance and help I could not completed our internship.
I also like to thank other workers and staff of MEWASS for their cooperation with me. I
would like to extend my special thanks to my parents because of their advice, material and moral
support they gave us during this internship. Finally I want to thank all people participated near or
far so that I could accomplish my intended task.

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ABSTRACT

Internship provides students the opportunity to test their interest in a particular zone and also
provides students high level of practical knowledge. These programs introduce graduating
students to the professional life. I got an opportunity to complete my internship at Meru Water
and Sewerage Company. It started on, August 2023 and ended on Dec, 2023 which included 230
working hours. There we worked and visited different units of MEWASS. I got practical
knowledge about water Treatment and observed its operating system. I was lucky because during
this internship period, I got a chance to visit a MEWASS, and other auxiliary components of
water treatment. I gathered practical experience about different major department such as the
maintenance which is include pompist, electricians, plumber; Epuration in charge of water
purification; Quality control which is include :physical-chemical unit in charge of physical-
chemical analyses and bacteriological unit in charge of bacteriological analyses. I gathered
practical knowledge about different types of equipment and experiment used water treatment
such as jar test, dose preparation and solution preparation. Inside the report, I described about my
experiences at MEWASS.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
DECLARATION...............................................................................................................................................i
DEDICATION.................................................................................................................................................ii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT.................................................................................................................................iii
ABSTRACT...............................................................................................................................................iv
TABLE OF CONTENTS...................................................................................................................................v
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYM...................................................................................................vi

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LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYM

BOD5: Biochemical Oxygen Demand

Cfu: Colony Forming Unit

COD: Chemical Oxygen Demand
CTA: complete Alkalimetric Title
EDTA: Ethylene Diamine TetraAcetate
EWSA: Energy Water and Sanitation Authority
FTU: Formazin Turbidity Unit
MEWASS: Meru Water and Sewerage Sytem
NTU: Nephelometric Turbidity Unit
PAN: Peroxy Acetic Nitrogen(1-(2 pyridylazo)- 2 naphthol)
ppm: part per million
TA: Total Alkalinity
TCa: Total Calcium hardness
TDS: Total Dissolved Solid
TH: Total Hardness
TMg: Total Magnesium hardness
TOC: Total Organic Carbon
T.W: Treated Water
TSS: Total Suspended Solid
R.W: Raw Water
UR: University of Rwanda
WHO: World Health Organisation
WTP: Water Treatment Plant
WWTPs: Wastewater Treatment Plants

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CHAPTER ONE
1.1 General Introduction
The internship program is designed to provide students engaged in a field experience with an
opportunity to share their insights. This internship program helps graduating students to
introduce them to the professional life, to explore the links between students’ academic
preparation and their field work, and to assist participants in developing and carrying out the
major research project which will serve to culminate their internship experience.
Internships are individualized and tailored to the needs and interests of each student in the
program. As part of the internship experience, I select MeWASS as an interest to serve as a
transition from the academic experience to the professional setting, taking to an entry level of
functioning within the practice for water treatment plant.
Since the internship is designed to meet our needs and interests, this requires careful thought,
planning, and an initiative on my part to locate an appropriate water treatment site.

1.2 OBJECTIVES OF INTERNSHIP

1.2.1 The main objectives
The aim of this internship is to permit students to practice theoretical or academic knowledge
required during four years of student and to familiarize to professional realities. To provide the
student an opportunity to apply knowledge, skills and experiences gained during the academic
program to a professional setting. I chose a water treatment plant for this industrial training for a
close observation of a water treatment plant and application of my academic knowledge in
practical field. In the internship, I have focused on my main target that was to get a complete
overview of mewass.
The specific objectives are:

● To apply theory in a practical environment.

● To establish groundwork and provide networking for professional development and
growth in a career.
● To further help students recognize their own strengths and weaknesses both personally
and professionally.
● To facilitate students as they assess personal ambitions in their chosen field.

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● To prepare students for employment or graduate education.

This report is divided in to segments

1.3 PRODUCTION
This sector offers intake for the treatment of water to provide clean water for human
consumption.

 Water treatment process

 Screening eliminating aquatic plant

 Coagulation and flocculation

 Sedimentation

 Filtration

 Chlorination

 Coagulation and flocculation

The coagulant clump together due to the influence of aluminium sulphate used for the water
treatment

 Sedimentation

 Sediments settle for RT one hour 15 minute

 filtration

 remove 80% sediments

 disinfection

 to remove 20% contaminant .

 method of disinfection

 chloromine

 uv light

 ozone

 solar disinfection types of chemicals used

I. Aluminium sulphate

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React with bicarbonate to form floc

2. chlorine

Used to kill germs and bacterias

1.4 ACTIVITIES DONE IN WATER TREATMENT ARE

 Laboratory analysis

 Cleaning new system

 Test for turbidity using jar test

 Test for alkalinity

 Dissolving and mixing chlorine and aluminium sulphate

1.5 ACTIVITIES DONE ON DAILY BASIS

 Backwashing of filter; opening the washout and close the storage and then opening the
backwash.

 Reading master meter and recording

 Cleaning of chemical house

 Pumping of water to elevated tank

 Removal of scum

 Chlorination process by use of aluminium suphate and chlorine

 Monitoring level of chlorine and aluminium sulphate

1.6 WATER TREATMENT PLANT DUTIES

 To monitor amount of chlorine required

 Meter reading.

 Back washing of filter

 Water quality testing

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CHAPTER TWO
2.0 LABORATORY ACTIVITIES
All chemicals and biological test is done for both customers samples and also treated water

Daily task routine;

a) Turbidity of water by use of jar test

b) Turbidity; cloudless or harness of water

c) Checking for the level of chlorine in water wtp ,ntw

d) Analysis for microbial test by use of membrane filtration methods

e) Cleaning of laboratory apparatus

f) Calibration of chemicals

g) Test for alkalinity

h) Testing temperature

i) Sample collection in various places

DEFINITION OF TERMS

Alkalinity ; ability of water to remove acidity

Turbidity ; cloudness or harsness of a substance

PH; negative logarithm of hydrogen ion

PH METER; used to measure the PH of water (6.5-8.5)

Measure total dissolve solids not only that but also conductivity(3000mg/l)

Jar tester ; used for turbidity two process coagulation and floc formation

Dpd tablets used to test level of chlorine in water(0.2-0.5)

PROCEDURE FOR JAR TEST

Using 800ml beakers

Measure 500ml of raw water in six beakers

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Add prepared aluminium sulphate in 800ml

Using pipette add in six beakers of 800ml(10ml,15ml,30ml,35ml) there will be the formation
flocs the turbidity of raw water is measured for 800ml using turbidometer.

SPEED 120 30 10
TIME 2 20 0

PROCEDURE OF TEST FOR TURBIDITY OF RAW WATER WHEN IT IS OVERRANGE;

APPARATUS USED

Measuring cylinder

100ml volumetric flask

10ml pipette

Beaker

PROCEDURES

Measure 10ml of raw water

Using 10ml pipette

Pour the raw water in 100ml of volumetric flask

Top up to the mark using deionized water

Then measure the turbidity

PROCESSES OF WATER TREATMENT

Screening : eliminating aquatic life

Aeration: increase dissolve oxygen and remove impurities through oxidation

Prechlorination:remove algae growth

Adjustment of PH

Clarification

i. coagulation

ii floc formation

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sedimentation ; sediments settles (RT 1 hour 15minutes)

filtration; removes 80% contaminants/sediments

disinfection ; removal of 20% contaminants

METHODS OF DISINFECTION

CHLOROMINE

UV LIGHT

OZONE RADIATION

SOLAR DISINFECTION.

CHAPTER THREE

SEWERAGE

There two channels that are used this include sewer that transport waste water and emergency
chamber that is used for emergency purposes .

Daily check up of influent to ensure that the exhausters disposal are not containing oil that can
affect the treatment process

Artificial process of removing constituents present in the sewerage in order to make it less
offensive.

TREATMENT OF WASTE WATER IS CLASSIFIED AS

Primary treatment: manual treatment for removing solids and organic matters.

Secondary treatment: biological treatment to remove organic materials in waste water.

treatment

Such as organic solution primary and molasses that are used to feed on other bacteria to remove
bad odor.

Tertiary ponds

i.disinfection

ii. final affluent

ii. determination of temperature

analysis of waste water

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iv .test of PH

v. determination of chemical oxygen demand

vi. determination of biochemical oxygen demand

maintenance section of waste water activities that are done

unblocking of sewer lines and man holes

removal of scum

removal of waste materials that remain in filters.

CHAPTER FOUR

CHALLENGES FACED DURING INTERNSHIP

Rainy weather

Inadequate financial support

Inadequate transport cost

KNOWLEDGE AND SKILLS ACQUIRED

Laboratory activities that are done in the lab so as to gain more experience in the lab.

Water treatment and waste water treatment.

CONCLUSION

I conclude that the internship in Meru water and sewerage company makes me to gain more
experience that I can apply it water company because I have gain more knowledge.my gratitude
goes the meru water and sewerage company for engaging in their daily activities. the internship
experience makes me to get exposed to various activities.

RECOMMENDATION

The company should increase the number of employees for young up coming generation and
makes their employees to work in conducive environment.

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