e-ISSN: 2582-5208

International Research Journal of Modernization in Engineering Technology and Science

Volume:03/Issue:03/March-2021 Impact Factor- 5.354 www.irjmets.com

INTERNET OF THINGS: e-OXYGEN

Abhiyant Gwalani*1, Akshay kurve*2, Pratik Yawalkar*3, Monika R. Seth*4
*1.2.3Student, Department of CSE, Shri. Ramdeobaba College of Engineering and Management,
Nagpur, Maharashtra, India.
*4Assistant professor, Department of Humanities, Shri. Ramdeobaba College of Engineering and
Management, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India.
ABSTRACT
Abstract: By Internet of Things (IoT) little by little emerging as the next phase of the Internet's emergence, it is
important to be aware of the various potential domains IoT use, and related research challenges with these
requests. From smart cities, to health care, smart agriculture, commodity and sale, and even living wisely again
smart areas IoT is expected to penetrate almost everything aspects of daily life. Or the current IoT is enabled
technology has greatly improved in recent years, there are
still many problems that need attention. From IoT the idea comes from a different technology, a lot of research
challenges will inevitably arise. The fact that IoT is too big and it affects almost every aspect of our lives, making
it remarkable the subject of research studies in various related fields such as information technology and
computer science. So, IoT is like that opens the way for the creation of a new dimension of research. This paper
highlights the latest developments in IoT technology and discusses future applications and research challenges.
Keywords: Internet of Things (IoT), Smart city, Smart home, Cloud computing, Fog Computing, Bluetooth,
Protocol.
I. INTRODUCTION
Internet of Things (IoT) is the latest communication technology with a vision for the near future, where
everyday objects will be equipped with microcontrollers, digital communication transceivers, and appropriate
protocol repositories that will enable them to communicate privately with users, becoming an integral part of the
Internet. The IoT concept, therefore, aims to make the Internet more focused and more widespread. additionally,
by enabling quick access and communication through a spread of devices like, for instance, household appliances,
surveillance cameras, surveillance sensors, actuators, indicators, vehicles, etc. which provide new services to
citizens, companies, and public administration. This paradigm finds application in many different fields, such as
home automation, industrial automation, medical resources, mobile health care, senior care, smart power
management and smart grids, automotive, vehicle management, and many more.
However, the segmental application field makes identifying solutions that can meet the needs of all
application scenarios a major challenge. These difficulties have led to an increase in various and, in some cases,
inconsistencies in the effective implementation of IoT systems. Therefore, from a program perspective, the
realization of the IoT network, as well as the necessary network services and devices, still lacks good practice
established due to its youthfulness and complexity. In addition to the technical difficulties, the adoption of the
IoT paradigm also prevents the lack of a clear and widely accepted business model that can attract investment to
encourage the deployment of these technologies.

The devices on IoT can be remotely controlled to do the desired performance. Sharing information between
devices at that time occurs via a network that uses standard communication terms. Smart connected devices or
'' items '' ranging from simple wearable accessories to larger machines, each containing sensory chips.

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International Research Journal of Modernization in Engineering Technology and Science
Volume:03/Issue:03/March-2021 Impact Factor- 5.354 www.irjmets.com
In addition to personal use, IoT also works with community needs. Various smart devices perform a variety
of tasks, such as monitoring surgeries in hospitals, detecting weather, providing tracking and connecting vehicles,
and identifying animals using biochips that are already providing the community with specific needs. Data
collected by these devices can be processed in real time to improve the efficiency of the entire system.
II. APPLICATIONS
As we know that IoT is very important now-a-days and it has a wide range of applications, some of the
applications are:
1. Smart homes:
Before going to see the “Smart home” as an application of IoT, let us explore the term “Smart home”.
Don’t you love AC’s to be automatically switched ON before reaching home? Don’t you want that when you enter
the room, the lights/fans should be turned ON automatically and vice-versa. Don’t you love to live in such a “Smart
home”?
Get ready for such homes as companies are constantly trying to build such products with the help of IoT. Such
products not only makes-life simpler and convenient but also saves energy, money, time. With companies like
Honeywell International, Apple, ABB, Samsung, Google LLC, Nest, Actop and to name a few more are planning to
deliver us a never seen before experience.
2. Wearables:
Wearables have increasingly become a hot topic around the markets all over the world. Wearable technology is
a general term used for a group of devices including fitness trackers and smart watches specially designed to
often wear throughout the day. These devices serve widely in health monitoring as well as in the entertainment
sector. Wearables uses IoT and AI technology for the real time analysis of the data of wearer. The major
applications of wearables are fitness trackers used mainly to track the number of steps to take, you are average
heart rate, how long will you sleep, how many calories you have burned and many more. Another major use is
the safety wearables which are designed to help in danger or threatening situations by sending alert messages to
others and using loud sound alarms mechanisms. A lot of these devices have an GPS navigation system which
immediately sends your location to your family and friends.
3. Agriculture
IoT has the capacity to enhance and strengthen the agriculture sector through analyse and examine the soil
contents, soil moisture, monitoring the trunk diameter, study of vineyards and many more. Use of IoT allows us
to control and preserve minerals in agricultural products and can increase production of fruits and vegetables.
IoT helps in understanding the weather conditions and informs about the hailstorms, rainfall, drought. Coming
to cattle IoT can help in assisting locations for food consumption of cattle and also it can help in monitoring
growth conditions of offspring of cattle and suggest health tips for their survival. IoT application can also decrease
wastage and spoilage by proper monitoring techniques. It also leads to better electricity and water control
techniques.
4. Smart cities:
IoT plays an important role in the smartness and general infrastructure development of cities. Some of the
applications of IoT are city areas comprising smart street lights, smart traffic control systems, efficient waste
management, smart parking, digitalized display of maps of the particular city, smart parks, smart surveillance
monitoring systems in sensitive areas of the city and many more. Such systems may include monitoring the
condition of public parks, sanitization areas, bridges and tourist places. IoT and AI allows the use of smart street
lights with the help of sensors to react according to the weather conditions.
According to a report presented by Eden Strategy Institution and ONG & ONG (OXD), London leads the chart of
being the smartest city in the world. Top 50 cities are listed in figure 1.

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International Research Journal of Modernization in Engineering Technology and Science
Volume:03/Issue:03/March-2021 Impact Factor- 5.354 www.irjmets.com

Figure 1: Top 50 Smartest Cities

5. Self driving cars:
In this modern world we have seen and heard about the self-driven cars. Let us first talk about the self-driven
cars, such cars navigate and drive automatically with the help of GPS systems, modern AI, sensors, several
embedded systems connected to the cloud and internet to keep data generating and analyze it with the help of
machine learning and to make decisions. Companies such as Google, Tesla, Uber are coming up with new versions
of self-driven cars with applications of IoT and AI. Since it’s human lives on roads that we are dealing with, we
need to ensure the technology has all that it takes to ensure better safety for passengers and those on the roads.
6. Retail shops:
All of us till date must be knowing the term ‘online shopping’ and e-commerce and have done shopping also from
there. This is the best technology to combine retail store and online store. The retail store allows you to go
cashless by deducting money from various e-wallets. Let us talk about the digital shops, it can add items to your
cart in real time when you pick it from the shelves. If your mind changes just pick another and remove or replace
it with an item in your cart. So, you can easily add or remove items from your cart. Now the best part of a digital
shop comes no cashier to view your items and make the billing, no queue in which you have to stand and wait for
your turn, just simply pay using the e-wallets and take your products ready. This technology not only saves time
but also enhances the experience of shopping.
III. RESEARCH CHALLENGES
For all of the above IoT applications, you should have a reasonable possibility for various domains to find the
success of other applications and their functionality. Like this any other kind of technology or new IoT has
challenges and impacts that need to be addressed in order to be effective mass acceptance. Or the current IoT is
enabled technology has greatly improved in recent years, when there are still many problems that need attention,
which is why it paves the way for new standards of research being conducted. As the concept of IoT comes from
diversity technology used for hearing, collecting, making, processing, uploading, transferring, notifying,
managing, and to save data, many research challenges will arise. These are the research challenges that need
attention as a result it has expanded to various areas of research.
Challenges that need attention as a result it has expanded to various areas of research.

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International Research Journal of Modernization in Engineering Technology and Science
Volume:03/Issue:03/March-2021 Impact Factor- 5.354 www.irjmets.com

Figure 2: Challenges to IoT

A. Security Risks And Challenges
Millions of sensors connected to smart devices that are distributed daily in homes, offices, cities and even our
people create unprecedented opportunities to reduce costs, reduce energy consumption, improve efficiency and
customer service, and better understand how they interact with our environment.
IoT, hailed as one of the greatest advances in the history of the technology industry, has already become
a major part of how people live, communicate and will soon become a natural part of every aspect of our lives,
from supermarkets to hotels, cars and airplanes and everything we do.
But this additional use comes with its own set of requirements, which need to be met and overcome with
appropriate solutions and methods. Here are four challenges you can look forward to in the future.

The three categories of IoT risks include:

1. Risks specified for IoT devices:
2. Risks common to any Internet system:
3. Safety to ensure that no damage is caused by misusing the actuators.
Hence, in order to make IoT services available at low cost with a large number of devices communicating
securely to each other, there are many security challenges to overcome.
End-to-end security: IoT security is very complex and integrated. IoT modules, located at the heart of IoT
devices, are critical to system security. It Requires an end-to-end approach to secure the complete system. End
to end security measures between IoT devices and Internet administrators are equally important
Connectivity: Connectivity is considered one of the most important aspects of IoT as data transfer depends
on good connectivity.
Below are some of the factors because of what challenges to IoT connectivity may arise:
1. Bandwidth
2. Power
3.Signing
4.Security
Scalability: Technological instability is considered to be one of the major problems of IoT downtime, and,
choosing the right technology for the right design is very important to protect the long-term performance of the
system.
Anti-Attacking Solutions: The versatility of IoT devices leads to the need for aggressive and lightweight
security solutions. Since IoT devices have limited calculation resources, they are at risk of being attacked by
powerful resources.
Authenticity and reliability: IoT authentication is a model for building trust of IoT equipment and
devices to protect data and control access when information flows through an insecure network such as the
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International Research Journal of Modernization in Engineering Technology and Science
Volume:03/Issue:03/March-2021 Impact Factor- 5.354 www.irjmets.com
Internet. The ability to identify and validate is appropriate as well orchestration within the IoT complex has not
yet matured. Trust IoT management is required to ensure that data analytics engines are fed with valid data.
Without authentication it is impossible to verify that the data flow generated by Business contains what it is
supposed to contain.
B. Processing, Analysis and Management of Data
Processing, analysis and data management is a major challenge because of poor type of IoT, and large amount of
data collected, especially in this era of Big Data. Many systems use intermediate systems to duplicate data as well
performing computer-based operations internationally on a cloud platform. However, there are ongoing
concerns about conventional cloud construction that do not work by transferring large amounts of data
generated and consumed by IoT-enabled devices and being able to further support computer-assisted load and
at the same time meet time constraints. Most programs therefore rely on current solutions such as mobile cloud
computing and fog computing both based on edge processing, reducing this challenge.
C. M2M (Machine to Machine) Communication and Communication Protocols
While there are already existing IoT wishes communication agreements such as Prohibited Request Protocol
(CoAP) and Transport by Telemetry Transport (MQTT), there is still no open IoT standard. Or everything needs
to be connected, not necessary at all something to make the internet work because they only need to have some
power to put their data at a particular gate. Plus, there are plenty of options depending on the app wireless
technologies such as LoRa, Bluetooth, etc. Although it is not clear if this is available wireless technology has the
necessary power to continue covering a wide range of IoT connections.
D. Interoperability
Traditionally with regard to the internet, collaboration has always been a fundamental and ongoing value
because the first requirement for an Internet connection requires that the "connected" systems are competent
“Speak the same language” about re-entering the code Agreements. Currently, various industries use a variety of
standards in support of their applications. For a big reason quantities and types of data, as well as different
devices, using methods common to very different organizations is important and very important in applications
to support the crossing of the organization, in addition to the various forms of system limitations. Therefore, IoT
systems are designed in terms of design to manage the highest levels of interaction

IV. CONCLUSION
IoT can best be described as CAS (Complex Adaptive System) that will continue to evolve which is why it needs
new and innovative types of software engineering, systems engineering, project management, and much more
that instructs you to improve it continuously and manage it in the future years. IoT application sites are very
different to serve different users, who also have different needs. The technology uses three categories of users:
people, community or communities and institutions. As discussed in the application phase of this research paper,
IoT does not have by questioning the great power of radical change the power, the will, and to some extent
already exist, for sure affects millions of lives worldwide. According to, this has made it even clearer, like the
various governments around it the world has shown interest in the IoT concept in order to provide more funding
in the field aimed at facilitating further research. A good example is the Chinese Government. Many research
groups were present, and continued to be, started from different parts of the world, and their main aim is to
follow IoT-related research. Like many and other research studies were conducted, a new dimension in IoT
processes, related technologies and materials can be connected, continue to appear, continue to open the path to
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International Research Journal of Modernization in Engineering Technology and Science
Volume:03/Issue:03/March-2021 Impact Factor- 5.354 www.irjmets.com
high performance IoT performance. The fact that IoT is so great and affects almost every aspect of our lives,
makes it an important subject for research on a variety of subjects related to information technology and
computer science. This paper emphasizes the various uses that are possible online domains of materials and
related research challenges.
V. REFERENCES
[1] AbdelRahman H. Hussein “Internet of Things (IOT): Research Challenges and Future Applications” (IJACSA)
International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications, Vol. 10, No. 6, 2019.
[2] Minhaj Ahmad Khan , Khaled Salah “IoT security: Review, blockchain solutions, and open challenges “Future
Generation Computer Systems Volume 82, May 2018, Pages 395-411
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0167739X17315765?via%3Dihub
[3] L. Atzori, A. Iera, G. Morabito, The internet of things: A survey, Comput. Netw. 54 (15) (2010) 2787–2805.
[4] Andrea Zanella; Nicola Bui; Angelo Castellani; Lorenzo Vangelista; Michele Zorzi “Internet of Things for Smart
Cities” IEEE Internet of Things Journal ( Volume: 1, Issue: 1, Feb. 2014)
https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/6740844
[5] Eden Strategy Institute and ONG&ONG (OXD), survey in 2018-19 https://www.smartcitygovt.com/
[6] http://www.e-janco.com

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