A paper presentation

On
Internet Of Things(IOT)

ANNAMACHARYA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND

SCIENCE, KADAPA.
\
ABSTRACT becoming the first internet-connected
appliance [3], able to report its inventory
and whether newly loaded drinks were
The Internet of Things (IOT) describes a cold. Kevin Ashton (born 1968) is a
kind of network which interconnects British technology pioneer who is known
various devices with the help of internet. for inventing the term "the Internet of
IOT assists to transmit data with among Things" to describe a system where the
devices, tracing and monitoring devices Internet is connected to the physical world
and other things. IOT make objects 'smart' via ubiquitous sensors. IoT is able to
by allowing them to transmit data and interact without human intervention. Some
automating of tasks, without lack of any preliminary IoT applications have been
physical interference. A health tracking already developed in healthcare,
wearable device is an example of simple transportation, and automotive industries.
effortless IOT in our life. A smart city with IoT technologies are at their infant stages;
sensors covering all its regions using however, many new developments have
diverse tangible gadgets and objects all occurred in the integration of objects with
over the community and connected with sensors in the Internet. The development
the help of internet. This word IOT was of IoT involves many issues such as
first suggested by Kevin Ashton in 1999. infrastructure, communications, interfaces,
The subsequent segment represent protocols, and standards. The objective of
fundamental of IOT. It hands out several this paper is to give general concept of
covering pre-owned in IOT and varied IoT, the architecture and layers in IoT,
fundamental denominations connected. It some basic terms associated with it and the
is primarily enlargement of helping-hand services provided.
using Internet. When the household
devices are connected with the help of
internet, this can help to automate homes, OVERVIEW:
offices or other units using IOT. IOT is
being used during COVID-19 pandemic
❖ History of IoT.
for contact tracing.
❖ What is internet of things(IoT)?
❖ Where is IoT?
❖ How IoT works?
INTRODUCTION: ❖ Applications of IoT.
The Internet of Things (IoT) is the network ❖ How big IoT?
of physical objects—devices, instruments, ❖ Future of IoT.
vehicles, buildings and other items ❖ Security and Privacy issues.
embedded with electronics, circuits ❖ Conclusion.
,software, sensors and network ❖ References .
connectivity that enables these objects to
collect and exchange data. The Internet of ❖ History of IoT:
Things allows objects to be sensed and
controlled remotely across existing • 1970- The actual idea of
network infrastructure, creating connected devices was proposed
opportunities for more direct integration of • 1990- John Romkey created a
the physical world into computer-based toaster which could be turned
systems, and resulting in improved on/off over the Internet
efficiency and accuracy. The concept of a • 1995- Siemens introduced the
network of smart devices was discussed as first cellular module built for
early as 1982, with a modified Coke M2M
machine at Carnegie Mellon University
 • 1999- The term “Internet of • The new wave of connectivity is
Things” was used by Kevin going beyond laptops and smart
Ashton during his work at P&G phones,
which became widely accepted • It’s going towards connected cars,
• 2004 – The term was mentioned smart homes, connected werable’s,
in famous publications like the smart cities and connected
Guardian, Boston Globe, and healthcare.
Scientific American • Sensors act as primary devices to
• 2005-UN’s International collect data from the environment.
Telecommunications Union
• Next generation devices-that can
(ITU) published its first report on
sense aspects of the real world like
this topic.
temperature, lighting, the
• 2008- The Internet of Things was
born presence or absence of people or
• 2011- Gartner, the market objects etc., and report that real
research company, include “The world data(or) act on it.
Internet of Things” technology in • IoT allows objects to be sensed and
their research controlled remotely across existing
network infrastructure.
❖ How IoT works?:

❖ Internet of things(IoT):
An IoT system consists of sensors/devices
• Friendly Technology.
which “talk” to the cloud through some
• IoT is the network of physical
objects. kind of connectivity. Once the data gets to
➢ Devices, vehicles, buildings and the cloud, software processes it and then
other items embedded with might decide to perform an action, such as
electronics, software, sensors.,
sending an alert or automatically adjusting
➢ And network connectivity
that enables these objects to the sensors/devices without the need for
collect and exchange data. the user.
• “The Ultimate Goal of IoT is to
Automate Human Life.”
But if the user input is needed or if the user
simply wants to check in on the system, a
user interface allows them to do so. Any
adjustments or actions that the user makes
are then sent in the opposite direction
through the system: from the
user interface, to the cloud, and back to the
sensors/devices to make some kind of
change.

Why You Need an IoT Gateway: ▪ An IoT gateway is needed to perform

the preprocessing of information ,
▪ First, sensors usually have very before they’re sent to the data center.
limited capabilities in terms of
networking connectivity. ▪ Such as device connectivity , protocol
translation,data filtering and processing
▪ Sending all the information , security, updating, management and
collected by sensors to a data more .
center would be highly
ineffective in terms of ❖ Where is IoT?:
performance and networking
utilization.

▪ The sensors/devices can be

connected to the cloud through
IoT gateway as central point
where we will getting real
world information from the
sensors as an input to this
gateway.
 • Highly energy efficient or
ultra-low power and small
sized.

❖ Real World Applications of

▪ 3. Connected Cars:
IoT:
• Most large auto makers as
▪ 1. Smart Homes: well as some brave
startups are working on
If you could switch on air connected car solutions.
conditioning before reaching home
• Major brands like Tesla,
Or switch off lights even after
BMW, Apple, Google are
you have left home .
working on bringing the
• Unlock the doors to friends next revolution in
for temporary access even automobiles.
when you are not at home.
• Fully autonomous vehicles
• To make your life simpler will be available on the
and convenient. mass market by the end of
the decade – but, for now,
barriers to widespread
adoption remain.
• The potential for connected
vehicles during the interim,
however, is an exciting,
multi-faceted and high-
growth area in the IoT’s
development – enabling
enhanced road safety, smart
▪ 2. Wearable’s: traffic management,
advanced navigation
• Wearable devices are assistance, passenger
installed with sensors and entertainment and much
software’s which collect more.
data and information • Our free new white paper –
about the users. ‘From here to autonomy:
• These devices broadly How to fulfil the
cover fitness, health and requirements of the next
entertainment generation connected car’ –
requirements. sets out the promise of
 connected vehicles, b) Real time
assesses the technical and information
commercial challenges they exchange about
face, and considers the road inventory among
ahead. suppliers and
• Read on for detail on retailers and
where the opportunities in c) Automated delivery
connected driving lie, will increase the
which forms of connectivity supply chain
are set to enable the next efficiency .
generation of automotive
services, and how Quectel
can support those planning
a move into this space.

▪ 5. Smart cities:
• Powerful application of
IoT.
• Smart surveillance,
automated transportation,
smarter energy
management systems,
water distribution, urban
security and
▪ 4.Industrial IoT: environmental monitoring.
• IoT will solve major
• Smart machines are more problems faced by the
accurate and consistent people living in cities like
than humans in pollution, traffic
communicating through congestion and shortage
data. of energy supplies etc.
• Applications:
a) Tracking goods,
 ➢ Overall popularity:
▪ 6.IoT in agriculture(Smart
farming):
• With the continous
increase in world’s
population, demand for
food supply is extremely
raised .
• Governments are helping
farmers to use advanced
techniques and research to
increase food production.
• Sensing for soil moisture
and nutrients, controlling
water usage for plants
growth and determing
custom fertilizer are some
simple uses of IoT.

❖ How Big is IoT?

(IoT Market)

• As of 2013, 9.1 billion

IoT units
• According to gartner
report , by 2020
connected devices
across all technologies
will reach to 20.6
billion. That’s a huge
number.
• Revenue growth from
$1.9 trillion in 2013 to
$7.1 trillion in 2020
 • Increased network traffic: will
your firewall/ IDS / IPS be
compatible and keep up?
• Increased demand for IP addresses
both IPv4 and IPv6
• Increased network complexity –
should these devices be isolated
or segmented?
• The Internet of Things (IoT) is
ready for exponential growth this
year, boasting robust technology
and a thriving ecosystem.
• While the IoT is already
thoroughly established in smart
homes and quickly expanding to
smart cities, the use of innovative
IoT applications in the commercial,
industrial, and medical spaces will
drive early adopting companies
forward.
• From retail to healthcare and
energy to manufacturing, the
upcoming year will bring more
advanced IoT solutions, improving
sustainability, productivity, and
safety of operations.

Plan for IoT growth:

 ❖ Future of IoT:

• By 2025, it is estimated that

there will be more than to 21
Threat vs. Opportunity:
billion IoT devices
• What happened when 50B
machines become • Cybercriminals will continue to
connected?
• If misunderstood and use IoT devices to facilitate
misconfigured, IoT creates DDoS attacks
risk to our data, privacy,
and safety
• More cities will become “smart”
• If understood and
secured, IoT will enhance • Artificial intelligence will
communications, lifestyle, continue to become a bigger
and delivery of services
thing
• Routers will continue to become
more secure and smarter
• 5G Networks will continue to
fuel IoT growth
 • Cars will get even smarter network by exploiting poorly
• 5G’s arrival will also open the secured IoT devices.
door to new privacy and security
concerns • Because IoT devices are closely
• IoT-based DDoS attacks will connected, all a hacker has to do
take on more dangerous forms is exploit one vulnerability to

• Security and privacy concerns manipulate all the data,

will drive legislation and rendering it unusable.

regulatory activity Manufacturers that don't update

their devices regularly -- or at all
-- leave them vulnerable to
cybercriminals.

• Additionally, connected devices

❖ security and privacy issues: often ask users to input their
• The internet of things connects personal information, including
billions of devices to the internet names, ages, addresses, phone
and involves the use of billions numbers and even social media
of data points, all of which need accounts -- information that's
to be secured. Due to its invaluable to hackers.
expanded attack surface, IoT
security and IoT privacy are • Hackers aren't the only threat to
cited as major concerns. the internet of things; privacy is
another major concern for IoT
• In 2016, one of the most users. For instance, companies
notorious recent IoT attacks was that make and distribute
Mirai, a botnet that infiltrated consumer IoT devices could use
domain name server provider those devices to obtain and sell
Dyn and took down many users' personal data.
websites for an extended period
of time in one of the biggest • Beyond leaking personal
distributed denial-of-service data, IoT poses a risk to critical
(DDoS) attacks ever seen. infrastructure, including
Attackers gained access to the electricity, transportation and
inancial services.
 will be used, as well as the
resources available since there are
also free hardware and software
options that allow performing the
functions mentioned in the article.

The IoT applications that currently

exist generate satisfactory results,
but with the passage of time and
market demand they will require a
greater number of applications that
leads to the use of better
technologies and equipment with
greater reach, much larger
networks and more complex
information systems.

❖ References:

[1] Dr.G.Rajeshkumar/Profe
❖ Conclusion: ssor /Department of
IT\Velalar College of
One of the main features in the Engineering and
development of an IoT architecture Technology,Erode,TamilNa
is the use of a wireless network of du,India.
sensors that allow data capture of
system variables, which will then [2] Stankovic J 2014
be analyzed for decision making Research directions for the
within the production process. internet of things IEEE
Internet of Things Journal
There are a variety of technologies 1(1) 3
for the implementation of IoT
applications, but their choice will [3] https://www.slideshare.n
depend on the environmental and et/dawarnkk/internet-of-
geographical conditions where they things-95033717
[4] https://us.norton.com/int
ernetsecurity-iot-5-
predictions-for-the-future-
of-iot.html

[5] https://www.electronicde
sign.com/technologies/iot/a
rticle/21215302/silicon-
labs-industrial-and-
commercial-markets-ripe-
for-iot-growth-in-2022

[6] https://www.abiresearch.
com/press/the-internet-of-
things-will-drive-wireless-
connect/

[7] https://en.wikipedia.org/
wiki/Internet_of_things

[8] https://link.springer.com/
chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-
41110-7_1