M 225 SPECIFICATIONS FOR MATERIALS

Standard Specification for

Steel Wire, Deformed for Concrete Reinforcement

AASHTO DESIGNATION: M 225M/M 225-94

1. SCOPE designation of the wire as tabulated in lines of the wire shall be similar in size
Table 1 under the column headed "De- and shape. A minimum of 25 percent of
formed Wire Size Number," or a number the total surface area shall be deformed
1.1 This specification covers cold- indicating the nominal cross-sectional by measurable indentations.
worked, deformed steel wire to be used area of the deformed wire in hundredths
as such, or in fabricated form, for the 6.2 Deformed wire shall have two or
of a square inch. more lines of deformations.
reinforcement of concrete in sizes having
nominal cross-sectional areas not less 6.3 The average longitudinal spacing of
than 6.45 mm2 (0.01 in.2) nor greater than 4. ORDERING INFORMATION deformations shall be not less than 3.5
200 mm2 (0.31 in.2). nor more than 5.5 deformations per inch
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be in each line of deformations on the wire.
4.1 When deformed wire is ordered by
regarded as the standard. size number, the dimensional require- 6.4 The minimum average height at the
ments shall be as given in Tables 1 and I center of typical deformations based on
a. When deformed wire is ordered to the nominal wire diameters shown in
2. REFERENCED DOCUMENTS Tables 1 and la shall be as follows:
dimensions other than the sizes shown,
the nominal dimensions shall be devel- Minimum Average Height of
2.1 AASHTO Standards: oped from the applicable unit weight per Wire Sizes Deformations, Percent of
foot of the section. Nominal Wire Diameter
T 244 Methods and Definitions for D.3 and finer 4
Mechanical Testing of Steel 4.2 Orders for material to this specifica- Coarser than D-3
4½
Products tion should include the following infor- through D-10
mation: Coarser than D-10 5
2.2 ASTM Standards:
A 700 Recommended Practices for 4.2.1 Quantity mass (weight), 6.5 The deformation shall be placed in
Packaging, Marking, and 4.2.2 Name of material (deformed steel respect to the axis of the wire so that the
Loading Methods for Steel wire for concrete reinforcement), included angle is not less than 45° or if
Products for Domestic Ship- deformations are curvilinear, the angle
4.2.3 Wire diameter (see Tables 1 and I formed by the transverse axis of the
ment a), deformation and the wire axis shall be
E 83 Practice for Verification and 4.2.4 Packaging (see Section 16), and not less than 45°. Where the line of de-
Classification of Extensom-
4.2.5 AASHTO designation and year formations forms an included angle with
eters
of issue. the axis of the wire from 45 to 70° inclu-
2.3 Military Standards: sive, the deformations shall alternately
MIL-STD-129 Marking for Ship- NOTE 1-A typical ordering description is as reverse in direction on each side, or those
follows: 23,000 kg deformed steel wire for
ment and Storage on one side shall be reversed in direction
concrete reinforcement, size Nº D-12, on pipe
MIL-STD-163 Steel Mill Products carriers, polyethylene shrouded, to AASHTO from those on the opposite side. Where
Preparation for Shipment and M 225M - (50000 lb deformed steel wire for the line of deformations is over 70°, a
Storage concrete reinforcement, size Nº D-12, on pipe reversal in direction is not required.
carriers, polyethylene shrouded, to AASHTO
2.4 Federal Standards: M 225-______).
Fed. Std. Nº 123 Marking for 7. DIMENSIONS
Shipments (Civil Agencies)
5. MATERIALS AND MANUFAC-
TURE 7.1 The average spacing of deformation
3. TERMINOLOGY shall be determined by dividing a meas-
ured length of the wire specimen by the
5.1 The steel shall be made by one of the number of individual deformations in any
3.1 Description of Terms Specific to this following processes: open-hearth, electric one row of deformations on any side of
Standard: furnace, or basic oxygen. the wire specimens. A measured length
3.1.1 Deformed Steel Wire for Rein- 5.2 The deformed steel wire shall be of the wire specimen shall be considered
forcement-as used within the scope and produced from rods or bars that have the distance from a point on a deforma-
intent of this specification, shall mean been hot rolled from billets. tion to a corresponding point on any
any cold-worked, deformed steel wire other deformation in the same line of
intended for use as reinforcement in deformations on the wire.
6. REQUIREMENTS
concrete construction, the wire surface 7.2 The minimum average height of
having deformations that (1) inhibit deformations shall be determined from
longitudinal movement of the wire in 6.1 Deformations shall be spaced along measurements made on not less than two
such construction, and (2) conform to the the wire at a substantially uniform dis- typical deformations from each line of
provisions of Section 5. tance and shall be symmetrically dis- deformations on the wire. Measurements
3.1.2 Size Number-as used in this posed around the perimeter of the sec- shall be made at the center of indenta-
specification, refers to the numerical tion. The deformations on all longitudinal tions.

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M 225 SPECIFICATIONS FOR MATERIALS

8. MECHANICAL PROPERTY TABLE 1 Dimensional Requirements for Deformed Steel Wire for Concrete Reinforcement (SI Units)
Nominal Dimensions Deformation Requirements
REQUIREMENTS Deformed
Cross- Spacing
Minimum Average
Wire Size Unit Mass, Height of Defor-
Diameter mmC Sectional Area, Perimeter, mm Maximum Minimum
NumberA,B kg/m 2D mations, mmE
mm mm mm
8.1 Tension Tests: D-1 0.0510 2.87 6.45 9.02 7.24 4.62 0.114
D-2 0.1013 4.04 12.90 12.67 7.24 4.62 0.160
8.1.1 When tested as described in D-3 0.1523 4.95 19.35 15.54 7.24 4.62 0.198
D-4 0.2025 5.72 25.81 17.93 7.24 4.62 0.257
Method T 244, the material, except as D-5 0.2532 6.40 32.26 20.09 7.24 4.62 0.287
specified in Section 8.1.2 shall conform D-6 0.3038 7.01 38.71 22.02 7.24 4.62 0.315
D-7 0.3548 7.57 45.16 23.77 7.24 4.62 0.340
to the tensile property requirements in D-8 0.4051 8.10 51.61 25.45 7.24 4.62 0.363
Table 2, based on nominal area of wire. D-9 0.4561 8.59 58.96 26.95 7.24 4.62 0.386
D-10 0.5063 9.04 64.52 28.40 7.24 4.62 0.406
8.1.2 The yield strength shall be de- D-11 0.5574 9.50 70.97 29.82 7.24 4.62 0.475
D-12 0.6076 9.91 77.42 31.12 7.24 4.62 0.495
termined as described in Method T 244 at D-13 0.6586 10.31 83.87 32.39 7.24 4.62 0.516
an extension of 0.005 mm/mm (0.005 D-14 0.7089 10.72 90.32 33.66 7.24 4.62 0.536
D-15 0.7599 11.10 96.77 34.85 7.24 4.62 0.554
in./in.) of gage length. The manufacturer D-16 0.8101 11.46 103.23 35.97 7.24 4.62 0.572
is not required to test for yield strength, D-17 0.8611 11.81 109.68 37.08 7.24 4.62 0.589
D-18 0.9114 12.14 116.13 38.13 7.24 4.62 0.607
but is responsible for supplying a product D-19 0.9624 12.47 122.58 39.17 7.24 4.62 0.622
that will meet the stipulated limit when D-20 1.0127 12.80 129.03 40.21 7.24 4.62 0.640
D-21 1.0637 13.13 135.48 41.25 7.24 4.62 0.658
tested in conformance with the provi- D-22 1.1139 13.44 141.94 41.21 7.24 4.62 0.673
sions of Section 13.3. For determining D-23 1.1649 13.74 148.39 43.18 7.24 4.62 0.688
D-24 1.2152 14.05 154.84 44.12 7.24 4.62 0.704
the yield strength use a Class B-1 exten- D-25 1.2662 14.33 161.29 45.01 7.24 4.62 0.716
someter as described in Method ASTM D-26 1.3164 14.61 167.74 45.87 7.24 4.62 0.732
D-27 1.3675 14.88 174.19 46.76 7.24 4.62 0.744
E83. The extensometer should be re- D-28 1.4177 15.16 180.64 47.65 7.24 4.62 0.759
moved from the specimen after the yield D-29 1.4687 15.44 187.10 48.51 7.24 4.62 0.772
D-30 1.5190 15.70 193.55 49.33 7.24 4.62 0.785
strength has been determined. D-31 1.5700 15.95 200.00 50.11 7.24 4.62 0.798
A
The number following the prefix D identifies the nominal cross-sectional area of the deformed wire in hundredths of a square
8.1.3 For material to be used in the inch.
fabrication of welded fabric, the tensile B
For sizes other than those listed above, the Size Number shall be the number of one hundredths of a square inch in the nominal
area of the deformed wire cross section. prefixed by the letter "D".
and yield strength properties shall con- C
The nominal diameter of a deformed wire is equivalent to the diameter of a plain wire having the same mass per meter as the
form to the requirements given in Table deformed wire.
D
The cross-sectional area is based on the nominal diameter. The area in square millimeters may be calculated by dividing the unit
3, based on nominal area of the wire. mass in kg/m by 7.850 X 10 (mass of 1 mm of steel), or by dividing the unit mass in kg/m by 7.850 X 10 (mass of steel 1 mm
square and 1 m long).
8.1.4 The material shall not exhibit a E
The minimum average height of deformations shall be determined from measurements made on not less than two apical deforma-
definite yield point as evidenced by a tions from each line of deformations on the wire. Measurements shall be made at the center of indentations as described in Section
6.2.
distinct drop of the beam or halt in the
gage of the testing machine prior to
reaching ultimate tensile load. The pur- TABLE la Dimensional Requirements for Deformed Steel Wire for Concrete Reinforcement (Inch-Pound
chaser may, at his option, accept this Units)
Nominal Dimensions Deformation Requirements
feature as sufficient evidence of compli- Deformed Wire Spacing
Minimum Average
Unit Weight, Diameter Cross-Sectional Height of Deforma-
ance with the specified minimum yield Size NumberA,B Perimeter in. Maximum Minimum
lb/ft in.C Area, in.2D tions, in.E
in. in.
strength tests covered in Section 13.3. D-1 0.034 0.113 0.01 0.355 0.285 0.182 0.0045
D-2 0.068 0.159 0.02 0.499 0.285 0.182. 0.0063
8.2 Bend Test-The bend test specimen D-3 0.102 0.195 0.03 0.612 0.285 0.182 0.0078
shall stand being bent at room tempera- D-4 0.136 0.225 0.04 0.706 0.282 0.182 0.0101
D-5 0.170 0.252 0.05 0.791 0.285 0.182 0.0113
ture through 90° without cracking on the D-6 0.204 0.276 0.06 0.867 0.285 0.182 0.0124
outside of the bent portion, as prescribed D-7 0.238 0.299 0.07 0.936 0.285 0.182 0.0134
D-8 0.272 0.319 0.08 1.002 0.285 0.182 0.0143
in Table 4. D-9 0.306 0.338 0.09 1.061 0.285 0.182 0.0152
D-10 0.340 0.356 0.10 1.118 0.285 0.182 0.0160
D-11 0.374 0.374 0.11 1.174 0.285 0.182 0.0187
9. PERMISSIBLE VARIATION IN D-12 0.408 0.390 0.12 1.225 0.285 0.182 0.0195
D-13 0.442 0.406 0.13 1.275 0.285 0.182 0.0203
WEIGHT D-14 0.476 0.422 0.14 1.325 0.285 0.182 0.0211
D-15 0.510 0.437 0.15 1.372 0.285 0.182 0.0218
D-16 0.544 0.451 0.16 1.416 0.285 0.182 0.0225
D-17 0.578 0.465 0.17 1.460 0.285 0.182 0.0232
9.1 The permissible variation in weight D-18 0.612 0.478 0.18 1.501 0.285 0.182 0.0239
of any deformed wire is ± 6 percent of its D-19 0.646 0.491 0.19 1.542 0.285 0.182 0.0245
D-20 0.680 0.504 0.20 1.583 0.285 0.182 0.0252
normal weight. The theoretical weights D-21 0.174 0.517 0.21 1.624 0.285 0.182 0.0259
shown in Tables 1 and 1a, or similar D-22 0.748 0.529 0.22 1.662 0.285 0.182 0.0265
D-23 0.782 0.541 0.23 1.700 0.285 0.182 0.0271
calculations on unlisted sizes, shall be D-24 0.816 0.553 0.24 1.737 0.285 0.182 0.0277
used to establish the variation. D-25 0.850 0.564 0.25 1.772 0.285 0.182 0.0282
D-26 0.884 0.575 0.26 1.806 0.285 0.182 0.0288
D-27 0.918 0.586 0.27 1.841 0.285 0.182 0.0293
D-28 0.952 0.597 0.28 1.876 0.285 0.182 0.0299
10. WORKMANSHIP, FINISH, AND D-29 0.986 0.608 0.29 1.910 0.285 0.182 0.0304
D-30 1.020 0.618 0.30 1.942 0.285 0.182 0.0309
APPEARANCE D-31 1.054 0.628 0.31 1.973 0.285 0.182 0.0314
A
The number following the prefix D identifies the nominal cross-sectional area of the deformed wire in hundredths of a square
inch.
B
10.1 The wire shall be free from det- For sizes other than those listed above, the Size Number shall be the number of one hundredths of a square inch in the nominal
area of the deformed wire cross section, prefixed by the letter "D".
rimental imperfections and shall have a C
The nominal diameter of a deformed wire is equivalent to the diameter of a plain wire having the same weight per foot as the
workmanlike finish. deformed wire.
D
The cross-sectional area is based on the nominal diameter. The area in square inches may be calculated by dividing the weight per
lineal inch of the specimen in pounds by 0.2833 (weight of 1 in.' of steel), or by dividing the weight per lineal foot of specimen in
pounds by 3.4 (weight of steel I in. square and 1 ft long).
E
The minimum average height of the deformations shall be determined from measurements made on not less than two typical
deformations from each line of deformations on the wire. Measurements shall be made at the center of indentations as described in
Section 6.2.

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M 225 SPECIFICATIONS FOR MATERIALS

10.2 Rust, surface seams, or surface 13. INSPECTION during which time the manufacturer may
irregularities shall not be a cause for make claim for a rehearing and retesting.
rejection provided the requirements of
Section 10.3 are met, and the minimum 13.1 The inspector representing the
dimensions and mechanical properties of purchaser shall have free entry at all 15. CERTIFICATION
a hand wire-brushed test specimen are times while work on the contract of the
not less than the requirements of this purchaser is being performed to all parts
of the manufacturer's works that concern 15.1 When specified in the purchase
specification. order or contract, a producer's or sup-
the manufacture of the material ordered.
10.3 Wire intended for welded fabric The manufacturer shall afford the inspec- plier's certification shall be furnished to
shall be sufficiently free of rust and tor all reasonable facilities to satisfy him the purchaser that the material was manu-
drawing lubricant, so as not to interfere that the material is being furnished in factured, sampled, tested, and inspected
with electric resistance welding. accordance with this specification. in accordance with this specification and
has been found to meet the requirements.
13.2 Except for yield strength, all tests When specified in the purchase order or
11. SAMPLING and inspection shall be made at the place contract, a report of the test results shall
of manufacture prior to shipment, unless be furnished. The certification shall
otherwise specified. Such tests shall be so include the specification number, year-
11.1 Test specimens for testing conducted as not to interfere unnecessar-
mechanical properties shall be full-wire date of issue, and the revision letter, if
ily with the operation of the works. any.
sections and shall be obtained from ends
of wire coils as drawn. The specimens 13.3 If the purchaser considers it
shall be of sufficient length to perform desirable to determine compliance with
the yield strength requirements in Section 16. PACKAGING AND MARKING
testing described in Sections 8.1 and 8.2.
8.1.3, yield strength tests may be made in
11.2 If any test specimen exhibits a recognized laboratory, or their repre-
obvious isolated imperfections not repre- 16.1 The size of the wire, AASHTO
sentative may make the test at the mill if specification number, and name or mark
sentative of the product, it may be dis- such tests do not interfere unnecessarily
carded and another specimen substituted. of the manufacturer shall be marked on a
with the mill operations. tag securely attached to each coil of wire.
13.4 For U.S. Government Procure- 16.2 Unless otherwise specified, pack-
12. NUMBER OF TESTS ment Only-Except as otherwise specified aging, marking, and loading for shipment
in the contract, the contractor is responsi- shall be in accordance with ASTM A
ble for the performance of all inspection 700.
12.1 One tension and one bend test
and test requirements specified herein.
shall be made from each 9072 kg (10 16.3 When specified in the contract or
Except as otherwise specified in the
tons) or less of each size of wire or frac- order, and for direct procurement by or
contract, the contractor may use his own
tion thereof in a lot, or a total of seven direct shipment to the U.S. Government,
or any other suitable facilities for the
samples, whichever is less. A lot shall when Level A is specified, preservation,
performance of the inspection and test
consist of all the coils of a single size packaging, and packing shall be in accor-
requirements specified herein, unless
offered for delivery at the same time. dance with the Level A requirement of
disapproved by the purchaser at the time
MIL-STD-163.
of purchase. The purchaser shall have the
TABLE 2 Tension Test Requirements right to perform any of the inspections 16.4 When specified in the contract or
MPa (psi) min and tests at the same frequency as set order and for the direct procurement by
Tensile strength 585 (85000) forth in this specification where such or direct shipment to the U.S. Govern-
Yield strength 515 (75000) inspections are deemed necessary to ment, marking for shipment, in addition
assure that material conforms to pre- to requirements specified in the contract
TABLE 3 Tension Test Requirements or order, shall be in accordance with
scribed requirements.
(Material for Welded Fabric) MIL-STD-129 for U.S. military agencies
MPa (psi) min
and in accordance with Fed. Std. No. 123
Tensile strength 550 (80000) 14. REJECTION AND RETESTS for U.S. Government civil agencies.
Yield strength 485 (70000)

TABLE 4 Bend Test Requirements 14.1 Material that shows detrimental 17. KEYWORDS
D-6 and smaller Bend around a pin the imperfections subsequent to its accep-
diameter that is equal to tance at the manufacturer's works will be
twice the diameter of the 17.1 concrete reinforcement; deforma-
rejected, and the manufacturer shall be
specimen tions (indentations); steel wire
Coarser than D-6 Bend around a pin the
notified.
diameter that is equal to 14.2 Rehearing-Rejected materials
four times the diameter shall be preserved for a period of at least
of the specimen 2 weeks from the date of inspection,

318