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 Plate 61.

CORYCIUM crispum.

Cape Province, Little Namaqualand.

Orchidaceae. Tribe Ophrydeae.

Corycium, Sw.; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant. vol. iii. p. 683.

Corycium crispum, Sw. in Vet. Acad. Handl. Stockh., 1800, 222; Bolus,
Orchids of South Africa, vol. i. t. 45; Fl. Cap. vol. v. sect. 3, p. 286.

This extremely pretty little orchid was sent to us by Mrs. E. Rood from
Van Rhynsdorp in August. Though the late Dr. Bolus published a figure of
this species in his “Orchids of South Africa,” we again reproduce a plate of
the plant, and it is the first member of the family Orchidaceae to appear in
this work. The species is fairly common in the Cape Province extending
from the Cape Peninsula up to Clanwilliam and Van Rhynsdorp and into
Little Namaqualand. It has been known to botanical science for a
considerable time, and was first described under its present name over 100
years ago.
The species belongs to the large group of terrestrial orchids which are
characteristic of the south-western region of the Cape Province, the few
epiphytic orchids which are found in South Africa being mostly confined to
the forest regions of the Eastern Province and the Northern Transvaal.
Specimens are preserved in the National Herbarium, Pretoria (Herb. No.
1467).
Description:—Plant up to 18 cm. high. Tuber 3 cm. long, 1·5 cm. in
diameter, egg-shaped. Leaves cauline, somewhat spreading and imbricate, 8-
10 cm. long, 2·5 cm. broad, linear-lanceolate to ovate, very acuminate, with
undulate margins. Inflorescence 9-10 cm. long, many-flowered. Bracts 2 cm.
long, 1·7 cm. broad, ovate, shortly acuminate, as long as the ovary. Flowers
sessile. Dorsal sepal 8 mm. long, linear; lateral sepals connate into a bilobed
limb, erect in young flowers, becoming deflexed in older flowers. Side petals
8 mm. long, 6 mm. broad above, deeply concave and saccate at the base; lip
adnate to the column, horizontal, with a limb 5 mm. broad from a distinct
claw. Arms of rostellum rounded, recurved and projecting into the concavity
of the side petals.

Plate 61.—Fig. 1, bract; Fig. 2, petal; Fig. 3, dorsal sepal; Fig. 4, lip; Fig. 5,
ovary; Fig. 6, column showing anthers; Fig. 7, column showing stigmas; Fig.
8, side view of column.
F.P.S.A., 1922.
K. A. Lansdell del.
 Plate 62.

ALOE excelsa.

Rhodesia.

Liliaceae. Tribe Aloineae.

Aloe, Linn.; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant. vol. iii. p. 776.

Aloe excelsa, Berger in Notizblatt. Berl. Bot. Gart. u. Museums, vol. iv.
(1906) 247; Das Pflanzenreich, vol. iv. 38, p. 314.

This arborescent Aloe forms one of the most conspicuous features of the
vegetation of the Matoppos in Rhodesia in July and August, when it
brightens up the Kopjes with its crimson flowers. Full-grown plants vary in
height from 15-20 feet, and one of their chief characteristics is the graceful
recurving of the ends of the leaves. Our illustration is made from one of the
many plants of this species which adorn the rockeries of the Union
Buildings, and which were collected by Mr. J. Wickens on the Matoppos.
The plants thrive well in Pretoria, and attract consideration through their
deep carmine inflorescence. They flower in Pretoria during August and
September.
Specimens are preserved in the National Herbarium (Herb. No. 1453).
Description:—Aborescent up to 5-6·3 m. high. Stems about 3-4 cm. in
diameter. Leaves crowded and forming a rosette at the end of the stem up to
0·2 m. long, 8-9 cm. broad at the base, gradually narrowing to the apex,
lanceolate-ovate, acuminate, with the uppermost third gracefully recurved,
deeply channelled above, convex beneath, with spines along the margin and
with spines on the under surface; spines 4 mm. long, 5 mm. apart below and
about 2·6 cm. apart on the upper portion of the leaf. Inflorescence a panicle;
peduncle 13-16 cm. long, compressed, convex on both surfaces, with a
prominent ridge on either side. Bracts ovate, acute, membranous. Ultimate
racemes 22-25 cm. long, 5·5 cm. in diameter, cylindric, densely many-
flowered. Floral-bracts brown, about 5 mm. long, 5 mm. broad at the base,
ovate, acute. Flowers subsessile; perianth-tube 1 cm. long, 5 mm. in
diameter, oblong in outline; lobes 1·8 cm. long, 0·6 mm. broad, oblong,
obtuse, 3-nerved, the outer with a small rostrate body just below the apex;
the inner perianth-segments free to the base. Ovary 5 mm. long, 3 mm.
broad, oblong; style 2·7 cm. long, cylindric; stigma simple.

Plate 62.—Fig. 1, plant much reduced; Fig. 2, stamens; Fig. 3, perianth-

segments; Fig. 4, apices of outer and inner perianth-segments; Fig. 5, flower;
Fig. 6, bract; Fig. 7, leaf; Fig. 8, transverse section of leaf.
F.P.S.A., 1922.
K. A. Lansdell del.
 Plate 63.

GLADIOLUS alatus, var. namaquensis.

Cape Province.

Iridaceae. Tribe Ixieae.

Gladiolus, Linn.; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant. vol. iii. p. 709.

Gladiolus alatus, var. namaquensis, Baker in Fl. Cap. vol. vi. p. 159; G.
namaquensis, Ker. in Bot. Mag. t. 592.

This plant is a variety of the Cape “Kalkoentje” (Gladiolus alatus), and

might conveniently be called the “Namaqua Kalkoentje.” This particular
variety has been known for almost 200 years, and in the Banksian
Herbarium in the British Museum is a well-preserved specimen which was
collected by Masson in Namaqualand. A figure of the plant prepared from
specimens which flowered in England was published in the Botanical
Magazine in 1801.
In the veld groups of plants are usually found together, each forming a
corm which has developed as an offshoot from the parent corm. This
character would render the plant easy of propagation.
We are indebted to Mrs. E. Rood of van Rhynsdorp for specimens which
were received by the Division of Botany in September, 1921. They are
preserved in the National Herbarium, Pretoria (Herb. No. 1468).
Description:—Corm covered with fibrous tunics. Stem with a basal
sheath 2·5-3·5 cm. long. Leaves four, decreasing in size upwards; the
outermost leaf 13-15 cm. long, 2·5-3 cm. broad; upper leaves 7-12 cm. long,
·5-2·1 cm. broad, all lanceolate, acuminate, clasping and equitant at the base,
5-nerved, with reddish margins; the innermost almost wholly clasping.
Visible peduncle about 11 cm. long, 3-flowered. Outer-bracts 4 cm. long, 2
cm. broad, boat-shaped, acuminate, sharply keeled, with keel and margins
reddish-brown; inner similar to the outer but bifid at the apex. Perianth-tube
1 cm. long, cylindric below, campanulate above; upper segments 2·5 cm.
long, 2·2 cm. broad, ovate, subacuminate; 2 lower segments 2 cm. long, 5
mm. broad above, obovate, narrowed into a long linear claw; the lowermost
segment 1·1 cm. broad, ovate, subacuminate. Filaments 1·5 cm. long,
cylindric; anthers 1·3 cm. long, linear. Ovary 8 mm. long, 2·5 mm. in
diameter, narrowly ellipsoid; style 3 cm. long, filiform; lobes 5 mm. long,
linear, slightly broadened above, rounded and bifid at the apex.

Plate 63.—Fig. 1, corm; Fig. 2, lower perianth-segment; Fig. 3, lateral

perianth segment; Fig. 4, stamens, front and side view; Fig. 5, style and
stigmas.
F.P.S.A., 1922.
S. Gower del.
 Plate 64.

GAZANIA pygmaea.

Transvaal.

Compositae. Tribe Arctotideae.

Gazania, Gaertn.; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant. vol. ii. p. 459.

Gazania pygmaea, Sond. in Linnaea, vol. xxiii. p. 69; Fl. Cap. vol. iii. p.
478.

During the month of September the veld round Pretoria is carpeted with
the white flowers of this little Gazania. It is one of the first, if not the first
plant to flower on burnt veld, and the contrast in colour between the white
flowers and the young green grass is very striking. While so extremely
common during the spring months, this species appears to be little known
botanically. It was evidently first collected by the botanist Karl Zeyher on
the Magaliesberg about the year 1841, and the description in the Flora
Capensis based on Zeyher’s specimen is the most recent published
information we have about this species. The plants are tufted, several
underground stems arising from a stout tap-root.
The present plate was prepared from specimens collected by Mr. D.
Fouche on the outskirts of Pretoria. Specimens are preserved in the National
Herbarium, Pretoria.
Description:—Acaulescent plants with several subterranean stems from
the apex of the deep tap-root. Leaves crowded, radical, 2·5-6·5 cm. long, 3-5
mm. broad, linear, with an acute callous at the apex, attenuated at the base,
somewhat channelled above, hispid on the upper surface, woolly-canescent
beneath except on the midrib, entire, spinulose-ciliate. Heads many to each
root. Peduncle about 3·5 cm. long, sparsely woolly, especially beneath the
involucre, or subglabrous. Involucral-tube 7 mm. long, 6 mm. in diameter,
turbinate; lobes in 4 rows; outer lobes 6 mm. long, 1 mm. broad, linear,
obtuse, spinulose-ciliate; inner lobes 4 mm. long, 2 mm. broad, ovate, obtuse
with reddish-brown membranous margins. Ray-florets neuter, white with a
purplish band beneath; corolla tube 7 mm. long, cylindric; limb 1·7 mm.
long, 4·5 mm. broad, lanceolate, bifid at the apex, with each lobe minutely
2-toothed, about 7-nerved and distinctly 2-keeled beneath. Disc-florets
hermaphrodite; corolla-tube 6 mm. long, subcylindric, somewhat 5-angled,
glabrous; lobes 1·5 mm. long, ·5 mm. broad, lanceolate, obtuse. Pappus of
hyaline linear scales 1·5 mm. long. Ovary covered with long silky hairs;
style 7 mm. long, cylindric (lengthening with age); stigmas ·75 long, linear,
obtuse.

Plate 64.—Fig. 1, young flower head; Fig. 2, section through involucre;

Fig. 3, flower head just before opening; Fig. 4, surface view of flower head;
Fig. 5, corolla of ray-florets; Fig. 6, disc floret; Fig. 7, leaf; all variously
enlarged.
F.P.S.A., 1922.
K.A. Lansdell del.
 Plate 65.

ORNITHOGALUM Thunbergianum.

Cape Province.

Liliaceae. Tribe Scilleae.

Ornithogalum, Linn.; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant. vol. iii. p. 815.

Ornithogalum Thunbergianum, Baker in Journ. Linn. Soc. vol. xiii. p.

269; Fl. Cap. vol. vi. p. 497.

Ornithogalum Thunbergianum, the “Yellow Chinkerichee,” is found in

the Malmesbury, Paarl, and Van Rhynsdorp Districts of Cape Province. It
was found by Carl Thunberg at Saldana Bay about the year 1772, and named
by him O. maculatum, but as this specific name had already been given to a
plant figured by Jacquin, the late Mr. Baker redescribed the species here
dealt with and named it after Thunberg, although there is some doubt as to
whether the plant figured by Jacquin is specifically distinct from O.
Thunbergianum.
The perianth is a beautiful “flame scarlet” colour with a black mark at the
tip of the three outer segments. The species should be grown by all lovers of
our native flora, and would well repay cultivation.
We are indebted to Mrs. E. Rood, Van Rhynsdorp, for specimens which
enabled us to prepare the present plate. Specimens are preserved in the
National Herbarium, Pretoria (Herb. No. 1469).
Description:—Bulb 2-3 cm. long, 2-3 cm. in diameter, ovoid or
compressed-globose, covered with thin membranous tunics. Leaves
withering at time of flowering, 5-10 cm. long, 1 cm. broad below, ovate-
linear, tapering to an acute apex, glabrous, glaucous-green. Peduncle 12-38
cm. long, terete, rigid, glabrous. Inflorescence 2-6-flowered. Bracts
membranous, 2·3-2·5 cm. long, linear-oblong, acuminate, more or less
clasping and equalling the pedicel. Pedicels 1·7 cm. long, terete, the lower
somewhat arcuate. Perianth segments 2-2·3 long, ·8-1 cm. broad; the outer
obovate-oblanceolate, subacute, with a black mark at the apex; the inner
ovate-lanceolate. Filaments 7 mm. long, cylindric, slightly narrowing above;
anthers 3 mm. long. Ovary 8 mm. long, 5 mm. in diameter, ellipsoid; style 2
mm. long; stigma trigonous.

Plate 65.—Fig. 1, stamens; Fig. 2, gynaecium; Fig. 3, bract.

F.P.S.A., 1922.
K. A. Lansdell del.
 Plate 66.

FERRARIA antherosa.

Cape Province.

Iridaceae. Tribe Moroeeae.

Ferraria, Linn.; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant. vol. iii. p. 692.

Ferraria antherosa, Ker. in Bot. Mag. 751; Fl. Cap. vol. vi. p. 29.

Our species was first figured in Curtis’ Botanical Magazine in 1804 from
a plant which was raised in Salisbury’s garden at Brompton, England. It is
not at all a well-known plant, as it is only recorded in the Flora Capensis as
having been collected by Zeyher in the Clanwilliam District, and by Ecklon
at Groenkloof in the Malmesbury District. The plant from which our plate
was prepared was sent to the Division of Botany, Pretoria, by Mrs. E. Rood
from Van Rhynsdorp. The genus Ferraria is represented in South Africa by
six species, and by one species in Angola. The flowers last only for a very
short time after opening, but a succession of flowers appears on each plant.
None of the species can be called ornamental from a gardener’s point of
view, but the structure of the flower is very beautiful and the colouring
quaint. Plants would only be grown as a botanical curiosity, and not for their
beauty. Specimens are preserved in the National Herbarium, Pretoria (Herb.
No. 1471).
Description:—Corms several arranged one on top of the other, discoid,
about 3·5 cm. in diameter. Plant about 23 cm. high. Leaves three, 17-26 cm.
long, linear and 1 cm. broad above, subacute, equitant and clasping the stem
below. Bracts subtending the inflorescences, resembling the leaves. Bracts
subtending the ultimate inflorescence 5-8 cm. long, 1·6-2·6 cm. broad,
elliptic, boat-shaped, with membranous margins. Perianth segments 2·5 cm.
long, forming a campanulate portion 1·5 cm. long and 1·3 cm. in diameter,
then spreading into a horizontal portion; the spreading portion 1·4 cm. long,
1·4 broad, ovate, subacute, with frilled margins. Staminal tube 1·6 cm. long,
cylindric, anther lobes diverging. Ovary cylindric, with a beak 3 cm. long;
stigmas long-fimbriated.

Plate 66.—Fig. 1, corms; Fig. 2, flower; Fig. 3, top of style showing

stigmas and anthers; Fig. 4, stigma.
F.P.S.A., 1922.