SX460 AUTOMATIC VOLTAGE

REGULATOR (AVR)
SPECIFICATION, INSTALLATION AND ADJUSTMENTS

General description Technical specification

SX460 is a half-wave phase-controlled thyristor type INPUT
Automatic Voltage Regulator (AVR) and forms part of the Voltage Jumper selectable
excitation system for a brush-less generator. 95-132V ac or
190-264V ac
Frequency 50-60 Hz nominal
In addition to regulating the generator voltage, the AVR
Phase 1
circuitry includes under-speed and sensing loss protection
features. Excitation power is derived directly from the OUTPUT
generator terminals. Voltage max 90V dc at 207V ac input
Current continuous 4 A dc
Positive voltage build up from residual levels is ensured by Intermittent 6 A for 10 secs
the use of efficient semiconductors in the power circuitry of Resistance 15 ohms minimum
the AVR.
REGULATION
The AVR is linked with the main stator windings and the +/- 1.0% (see note 1)
exciter field windings to provide closed loop control of the
THERMAL DRIFT
output voltage with load regulation of +/- 1.0%.
0.05% per deg. C change in AVR ambient (note 2)
In addition to being powered from the main stator, the AVR TYPICAL SYSTEM RESPONSE
also derives a sample voltage from the output windings for AVR response 20 ms
voltage control purposes. In response to this sample Filed current to 90% 80 ms
voltage, the AVR controls the power fed to the exciter field, Machine Volts to 97% 300 ms
and hence the main field, to maintain the machine output
voltage within the specified limits, compensating for load, EXTERNAL VOLTAGE ADJUSTMENT
speed, temperature and power factor of the generator. +/-10% with 1 k ohm 1 watt trimmer (see note 3)

UNDER FREQUENCY PROTECTION

A frequency measuring circuit continually monitors the
Set point 95% Hz (see note 4)
generator output and provides output under -speed Slope 170% down to 30 Hz
protection of the excitation system, by reducing the output
voltage proportionally with speed below a pre -settable UNIT POWER DISSIPATION
threshold. A manual adjustment is provided for factory 10 watts maximum
setting of the under frequency roll off point, (UFRO). This
can easily be changed to 50 or 60 Hz in the field by push - BUILD UP VOLTAGE
on link selection. 4 Volts @ AVR terminals

Provision is made for the connection of a remote voltage ENVIRONMENTAL

trimmer, allowing the user fine control of the generator's Vibration 20-100 Hz 50mm/sec
100Hz – 2kHz 3.3g
output.
Operating temperature -40 to +70°C
Relative Humidity 0-70°C 95% (see note 5)
Storage temperature -55 to +80°C

NOTES
1. With 4% engine governing
2. After 10 minutes.
3. Applies to Mod status F onwards. Generator de-rate may
apply. Check with factory.
4. Factory set, semi-sealed, jumper selectable
5. Non condensing.

TD_SX460.GB_04.05_05_GB
 DESIGN DETAIL

Generator

Suppression

Low Hz Synchronising Low Pass

Detection Ciruit Filter
Voltage
Sensing
Reference Power
Voltage supply

Potential Level Power

Ramp
Divider & Amp Detector & Control
Generator
Rectifier Driver Devices

Exciter
Hand Stability Field
Trimmer Circuit

The main functions of the AVR are:

Potential Divider and Rectifier takes a proportion of the The Synchronising circuit is used to keep the Ramp
generator output voltage and attenuates it. This input Generator and Low Hz Detector locked to the
chain of resistors includes the range potentiometer and generator waveform period.
hand trimmer which adjust the generator voltage. A
rectifier converts the a.c. into d.c. for further processing. The Low Pass Filter prevents distorted waveforms
affecting the operation of the AVR.
The Amplifier ( Amp) compares the sensing voltage to the
Reference Voltage and amplifies the difference (error) to Power Control Devices vary the amount of exciter field
provide a controlling signal for the power devices. The current in response to the error signal produced by the
Ramp Generator and Level Detecto r and Driver infinitely Amplifier.
control the conduction period of the Power Control
Devices and hence provides the excitation system with the Suppression components are included to prevent sub
required power to maintain the generator voltage within cycle voltage spikes damaging the AVR component s
specified limits. and also to reduce the amount of conducted noise on
the generator terminals.
The Stability Circuit provides adjustable negat ive ac
feedback to ensure good steady state and transient The Power Supply provides the required voltages for
performance of the control system. the AVR circuitry.

The Low Hz Detector measures the period of each

electrical cycle and causes the reference voltage to be
reduced approximately linearly with speed below a
presettable threshold. A Light Emitting Diode gives
indication of underspeed running.

TD_SX460.GB_04.05_05_GB
 FITTING AND OPERATING

REFER TO GENERATOR WIRING DIAGRAM

F2 F1 6 7 8
FOR CONNECTION DETAILS
VOLTS

4 3 2 1
Remove link to connect a remote voltage trim mer

Link for 110V/120V AVR input

SX460

UFRO ( Under Frequency Roll Off)

INDICATOR LED

60 C 50
FREQUENCY
SELECTION

STABILITY

SUMMARY OF AVR CONTROLS

CONTROL FUNCTION DIRECTION

VOLTS TO ADJUST GENERATOR OUTPUT VOLTAGE CLOCKWISE INCREASES OUTPUT VOLTAGE

STABILITY TO PREVENT VOLTAGE HUNTING CLOCKWISE INCREASE THE DAMPING EFFECT
UFRO TO SET THE UFRO KNEE POINT CLOCKWISE REDUCES THE KNEE POINT

Note : TD_SX460.GB_04.05_05_GB

1. When there is no connection to VR, 1 and 2 must be joined.

2. When LED lamp is light on, it means the frequency isn’t enough ,The output voltage will decrease to
prevent over load exciting current to damage the exciter field winding.
ADJUSTMENT OF AVR CONTROLS
VOLTAGE ADJUSTMENT

The generator output voltage is set at the factory, but can

be altered by careful adjustment of the VOLTS control on
the AVR board, or by the external hand trimmer if fitted.
Terminals 1 and 2 on the AVR will be fitted with a shorting
link if no hand trimmer is required. Terminals 3 and 4 are
linked only for special low voltage applications.

CAUTION Do not increase the voltage above the rated

generator voltage. If in doubt, refer to the rating plate
mounted on the generator case.
CAUTION Do not ground any of the hand trimmer
terminals as these could be above earth potential. Failure
to observe this could cause equipment damage.

If a replacement AVR has been fitted or re -setting of the

VOLTS adjustment is required, proceed as follows:

CAUTION
1. Before running generator, turn the VOLTS control
fully anti-clockwise.
2. Turn remote volts trimmer (if fitted) to midway
position.
3. Turn STABILITY control to midway position.
4. Connect a suitable voltmeter (0 -300V ac) across line
to neutral of the generator.
5. Start generator set, and run on no load at nominal
frequency e.g. 50-53Hz or 60-63Hz.
6. If the red Light Emitting Diode (LED) is illuminated,
refer to the Under Frequency Roll Off (UFRO)
adjustment.
7. Carefully turn VOLTS control clockwise until rated
voltage is reached.
8. If instability is present at rated vo ltage, refer to
stability adjustment, then re-adjust voltage if necessary.
9. Voltage adjustment is now completed.

STABILITY ADJUSTMENT

The AVR includes a stability or damping circuit to

provide good steady state and transient performance of
the generator.

The correct setting can be found by running the

generator at no load and slowly turning the stability
control anti-clockwise until the generator voltage starts to
become unstable.

The optimum or critically damped position is slightly

clockwise f rom this point (i.e. where the machine volts
are stable but close to the unstable region).

UNDER FREQUENCY ROLL OFF (UFRO)

ADJUSTMENT

The AVR incorporates an underspeed protection circuit

which gives a volts/Hz characteristic when the generator
speed fal ls below a presettable threshold known as the
"knee" point.

The red Light Emitting Diode (LED) gives indication that

the UFRO circuit is operating.

The UFRO adjustment is preset and sealed and only

requires the selection of 50 / 60Hz using the jumper link.

For optimum setting, the LED should illuminate as the

frequency falls just below nominal, i.e. 47Hz on a 50Hz TD_SX460.GB_04.05_05_GB
system or 57Hz on a 60Hz system.