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Engineering Utilities 2

The document discusses the fundamental differences between heat and temperature, thermodynamics and heat transfer, and various modes of heat transfer including conduction, convection, and radiation. It also covers thermal conductivity, convection heat-transfer coefficients, and the mechanisms of thermal conduction and convection in gases and solids. Additionally, it lists good and poor conductors of heat, explains the order of magnitude for thermal conductivity across different materials, and clarifies misconceptions about heat transfer in a vacuum.

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Thalia Morpheus
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13 views

Engineering Utilities 2

The document discusses the fundamental differences between heat and temperature, thermodynamics and heat transfer, and various modes of heat transfer including conduction, convection, and radiation. It also covers thermal conductivity, convection heat-transfer coefficients, and the mechanisms of thermal conduction and convection in gases and solids. Additionally, it lists good and poor conductors of heat, explains the order of magnitude for thermal conductivity across different materials, and clarifies misconceptions about heat transfer in a vacuum.

Uploaded by

Thalia Morpheus
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ASSESSMENT TASK 2: Research and discuss the following items

1. Characterize the difference between heat and temperature


- The difference between Heat and Temperature:
Heat Temperature
• Heat defined the exchange of energy • Characterize the average kinetic
between particles in terms of energy of its constitutive molecules
temperature differences. inside a system.
• Heat isn't a state variable, but a • Temperature is a state variable, and a
process variable and it is measured in given state. It is measured through
Joules. degrees (Fahrenheit, Celsius and
Kelvin)

2. Characterize the difference of concepts and applications for between


thermodynamics and heat transfer
- The difference between Thermodynamics and Heat transfer in terms of its concept and
application.
• Thermodynamics deals specifically • Heat transfer deals with the rate of
with the measure of energy in the form energy move consequently.
of heat and work during a process. • It gives a thought of how long a heat
• Equilibrium considers the end states. transfer will happen.
• It doesn’t give any information • Unlike with thermodynamics, heat
concerning what amount of time it will transfer has an indication of non-
require to reach to the final state in equilibrium phenomena if temperature
equilibrium. gradient exists in a body.

3. What are the different modes of heat transfer? Discuss each mode.
- The different modes of Heat transfer are as follows:
• Conduction – the transfer of heat thru direct interaction or contact.
• Convection – transfer of heat in a form of liquid or gas as enhanced by the motion
of fluid molecules.
• Radiation – transfer of energy in the form of electromagnetic waves or rays.
4. Define thermal conductivity.
- Thermal conductivity pertains to the ability of a material to move or transfer heat. It is
reliant upon the three factors concerning temperature gradient, material properties and
the length of the travel path.
5. Define the convection heat-transfer coefficient
- The convection or convective heat transfer coefficient characterized as the rate of heat
move or transfer between a solid surface and a liquid for every unit surface area per unit
temperature difference.
6. Discuss the mechanism of thermal conduction in gases and solids
- In gases the mechanism of thermal conduction is very low since the atoms in gas are high,
the mechanism works in two diverse manners it could be through diffusion and collision
while in solids as increases in temperature the molecules of the body will start to vibrate,
the thermal conduction mechanism works in solid could be thru vibration and transport of
electron molecule.
7. Discuss the mechanism of heat convection
- Particles that are warmer are less dense, so when the particles with higher temperature
will move to areas where the temperature is cooler and the particles with lower
temperature will move to spaces of higher temperature. Thus, the liquid will stay moving
until equilibrium is reached.
8. What is the order of magnitude for the convection heat-transfer coefficient in free
convection? Forced convection? Boiling?
- Convection heat-transfer coefficient
• In Free convection 0.087 W/ m2 oC - 890 W/ m2 oC
• In Force convection 12 W/ m2 oC - 3850 W/ m2 oC
• In Boiling 2500 W/ m2 oC - 290000 W/ m2 oC
9. When may one expect radiation heat transfer to be important?
- When the heat transfer is vacuum, radiation heat transfer gets really important. It is on the
grounds that neither conduction nor convection can’t operate in vacuum only the form of
radiation henceforth Radiation heat transfer is quite significant at whatever point heat
transfer happens in vacuum.

10. Name 10 good conductors of heat, and 10 poor conductors of heat.

10 Good Conductors of heat 10 Poor Conductors of heat


• Copper • Saltwater • Rubber • Glass
• Aluminum • Steel • Oil • Plastic
• Iron • Brass • Quartz • Asphalt
• Silver • Gold • Porcelain • Ceramics
• Platinum • Bronze • Wood • Freshwater

11. What is the order of magnitude of thermal conductivity for (a) metals (b) solid
insulating materials (c) liquids (d) gases?

➜ (a) Metal ➜ (b) Solid ➜ (c)Liquids ➜ (d) Gases


insulating
10–400 materials 0.2-0.5 0.006 – 0.05
W/m°C W/m°C W/m°C
0.023 – 2.9 W/m°C

12. Suppose a person stated that heat cannot be transferred in a vacuum. How do you
respond?
- I will definitely tell to her/him that Heat can possibly transferred in a vacuum not in the
form of conduction and convection but it can transferred in the form of radiation the
explanation is that space is made of vacuum where the heat from sun is moved through
vacuum by radiation.
13. Discuss the following concepts a. Internal Energy b. Work c. Enthalpy
a. Internal Energy – energy contained within the given system.
b. Work – energy transferred to the surroundings.
c. Enthalpy – the summation of internal energy in the system.

References:
• Velazquez-Campoy, Adrian. (2013). Re: How can we explain the difference between
temperature and heat in a simple way?.

Retrieved from URL: https://www.researchgate.net/post/How-can-we-explain-the-difference-


between-temperature-and-heat-in-a-simple-
way/52beaf83cf57d70d798b459c/citation/download.

• J.M.K.C. Donev et al. (2018). Energy Education - Heat vs temperature [Online].

Available: https://energyeducation.ca/encyclopedia/Heat_vs_temperature

• Mechtics (2018). Thermal Conduction mechanism in Solid Liquid and Gas.

Retrieved from URL: https://mechtics.com/energy/heat-mass-transfer/thermal-conduction-


mechanism-in-solid-liquid-and-gas/

• Helmenstine, Anne Marie, Ph.D. "10 Examples of Electrical Conductors and Insulators."
ThoughtCo, Aug. 27, 2020,

Retrieved from URL: https://www.thoughtco.com/examples-of-electrical-conductors-and-


insulators-608315

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