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2.4 -Reliability and Validity

Reliability and validity are essential concepts in research that evaluate the quality of methods and tests, with reliability focusing on consistency and validity on accuracy. Various types of reliability include test-retest, interrater, and internal consistency, while types of validity encompass construct, content, and criterion validity. Assessing both reliability and validity is crucial to avoid research bias and ensure accurate results.

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15 views6 pages

2.4 -Reliability and Validity

Reliability and validity are essential concepts in research that evaluate the quality of methods and tests, with reliability focusing on consistency and validity on accuracy. Various types of reliability include test-retest, interrater, and internal consistency, while types of validity encompass construct, content, and criterion validity. Assessing both reliability and validity is crucial to avoid research bias and ensure accurate results.

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tiwariprajwal2004
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Reliability and Validity

Reliability and validity are concepts used to evaluate the


quality of research. They indicate how well a method,
technique or test measures something. Reliability is
about the consistency of a measure, and validity is about
the accuracy of a measure.
It’s important to consider reliability and validity when you
are creating your research design, planning your
methods, and writing up your results, especially
in quantitative research. Failing to do so can lead to
several types of research bias and seriously affect your
work.
Basic Characteristics

Reliability Validity
What does it tell The extent to which the results can be The extent to which the results really
you? reproduced when the research is measure what they are supposed to
repeated under the same conditions. measure.

How is it assessed? By checking the consistency of results By checking how well the results
across time, across different observers, correspond to established theories and
and across parts of the test itself. other measures of the same concept.

How do they A reliable measurement is not always A valid measurement is generally


relate? valid: the results might be reproducible, reliable: if a test produces accurate
but they’re not necessarily correct. results, they should be reproducible.
Types of Reliability
Types of reliability

Type of reliability What does it assess? Example


Test-retest reliability The consistency of a measure across time: A group of participants complete
do you get the same results when you a questionnaire designed to measure
repeat the measurement? personality traits. If they repeat the
questionnaire days, weeks or months apart
and give the same answers, this indicates
high test-retest reliability.
Interrater reliability The consistency of a measure across raters Based on an assessment criteria checklist,
or observers: do you get the same results five examiners submit substantially different
when different people conduct the same results for the same student project. This
measurement? indicates that the assessment checklist has
low inter-rater reliability (for example,
because the criteria are too subjective).
Internal consistency The consistency of the measurement itself: You design a questionnaire to measure self-
do you get the same results from different esteem. If you randomly split the results into
parts of a test that are designed to measure two halves, there should be a strong
the same thing? correlation between the two sets of results.
If the two results are very different, this
indicates low internal consistency.
Types of Validity
ypes of validity

Type of validity What does it assess? Example


Construct validity evaluates whether a measurement tool really There is no objective, observable entity
represents the thing we are interested in called “depression” that we can measure
measuring. It’s central to establishing the directly. But based on existing psychological
overall validity of a method. research and theory, we can measure
depression based on a collection of
symptoms and indicators, such as low self-
confidence and low energy levels.
Content validity The extent to which the measurement covers A test that aims to measure a class of
all aspects of the concept being measured. students’ level of Spanish contains reading,
writing and speaking components, but no
listening component. Experts agree that
listening comprehension is an essential
aspect of language ability, so the test lacks
content validity for measuring the overall
level of ability in Spanish.
Criterion validity The extent to which the result of a measure A survey is conducted to measure the
corresponds to other valid measures of the political opinions of voters in a region. If the
same concept. results accurately predict the later outcome
of an election in that region, this indicates
that the survey has high criterion validity.
To assess the validity of a cause-and-effect relationship, you also need to
consider internal validity (the design of the experiment) and external
validity (the generalizability of the results).

Source: Middleton, F. (2023, January 30). Reliability vs. Validity in Research | Difference, Types and Examples. Scribbr. Retrieved
March 1, 2023, from https://www.scribbr.com/methodology/reliability-vs-validity/

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