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Class 7

The document outlines the differences between physical and chemical changes, using the examples of tearing and burning paper to illustrate the concepts. It provides definitions, characteristics, and examples of both types of changes, as well as specific processes like rusting and crystallization. Additionally, it includes activities for students to engage with these concepts in a practical manner.

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5 views

Class 7

The document outlines the differences between physical and chemical changes, using the examples of tearing and burning paper to illustrate the concepts. It provides definitions, characteristics, and examples of both types of changes, as well as specific processes like rusting and crystallization. Additionally, it includes activities for students to engage with these concepts in a practical manner.

Uploaded by

sumitaps0123
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Class 7

Set Induction: Interlinked and Systematic (Tearing vs Burning Paper)

(Start with curiosity)

"Class, have you ever torn a piece of paper by mistake or while doing craft work?"

(Hold a paper in your hand)


"Let’s see what happens when I tear this paper into two parts."
(Tear the paper in front of the class)

Ask: "Can I join it exactly the same again?"


Student: "No, it won’t be the same."
Ask: "But is it still paper or has it become something new?"
Student: "It’s still paper!"
Conclude: "So, no new substance is formed. This is a physical change."

(Move to the next step smoothly)

"Now let’s take the same paper and do something different."


(Take a tiny piece and carefully burn it using a lighter, with full safety measures)

Ask: "What do you observe now?"


Student: "It’s turning to ash and smoke!"
Ask: "Can I get the paper back from ash?"
Student: "No!"
Conclude: "This time, a new substance is formed — this is a chemical change."

Summary Table on Board or Chart:

Change Type of Change Why?

Tearing of Paper Physical Change No new substance is formed

Burning of Paper Chemical Change New substances like ash and smoke form

Final Trigger Question:


"So class, what do you think – can we group other changes in our surroundings this way
too?"
This naturally leads into your main topic introduction.

Chapter: Physical and Chemical Changes – Detailed Notes

1. What is a Change?

A change is a transformation in shape, size, color, state, or chemical composition of a


substance.

Common Types of Changes in Daily Life:

• Melting of ice

• Boiling of water

• Rusting of iron

• Digestion of food

• Cooking of rice

• Burning of paper

2. Physical Change

Definition:

A physical change is a change in which:

• No new substance is formed.

• The composition of the substance remains the same.

• The change is usually reversible.

Characteristics:

• Temporary in nature.

• Physical properties like shape, size, state, or appearance may change.


• No energy (like heat or light) is usually absorbed or released.

Examples:

Process Explanation

Melting of ice Ice changes to water (both are H₂O)

Boiling of water Water changes to steam (state change only)

Dissolving salt in water Salt can be recovered by evaporation

Breaking a glass Only shape changes; no new material formed

Cutting of wood Shape and size changes, not the composition

3. Chemical Change

Definition:

A chemical change is a change in which:

• A new substance is formed.

• The change is usually irreversible.

• Accompanied by heat, light, gas release, sound, or change in color/smell.

Characteristics:

• Permanent change.

• Irreversible under normal conditions.

• Involves a change in chemical properties and composition.

• Often involves energy change (heat/light/sound).

Examples:

Process Explanation

Burning of wood New substances like ash, CO₂, and smoke formed

Rusting of iron Fe reacts with moisture and air to form Fe₂O₃ (iron oxide)

Souring of milk Milk proteins react with bacteria to form lactic acid

Cooking of food Chemical bonds break and new ones form


Process Explanation

Vinegar + baking soda CO₂ gas evolves with fizzing – new substances formed

4. Rusting of Iron – A Special Chemical Change

Chemical Reaction:

Iron + Oxygen + Water → Iron Oxide (Rust)

4Fe+3O2+6H2O→4Fe(OH)3→Fe₂O₃\cdotpxH₂O4Fe + 3O₂ + 6H₂O → 4Fe(OH)₃ \rightarrow


\text{Fe₂O₃·xH₂O}4Fe+3O2+6H2O→4Fe(OH)3→Fe₂O₃\cdotpxH₂O

Conditions Required:

• Presence of moisture (water)

• Presence of oxygen (air)

Prevention Methods:

• Painting (coats prevent air and water from reaching the iron)

• Oiling/Greasing

• Galvanization (coating iron with a thin layer of zinc)

• Alloying (stainless steel doesn’t rust)

5. Crystallization – A Physical Change with Purification

Definition: Crystallization is the process of obtaining pure solid crystals from their
solutions.

Example:

• Making sugar crystals (rock candy)

• Salt formation from sea water

Although it involves a change in appearance, it does not form new substances, so it is a


physical change.

6. Difference between Physical and Chemical Changes


Physical Change Chemical Change

No new substance is formed New substance is formed

Often reversible Usually irreversible

No energy change usually Energy is absorbed or released

Only physical properties change Both physical and chemical properties change

Examples: Melting, cutting, freezing Burning, rusting, souring of milk

7. Observations in Chemical Change

Look for signs:

• Change in color

• Formation of gas (bubbles)

• Release of heat/light

• Change in smell

• Formation of precipitate (solid from solution)

8. Chemical Equations (Intro Level)

Encourage basic chemical reaction writing, e.g.:

Burning of Magnesium Ribbon:

2Mg+O2→2MgO(white powder)2Mg + O₂ → 2MgO \quad (\text{white powder})2Mg+O2


→2MgO(white powder)

Vinegar + Baking Soda:

CH3COOH+NaHCO3→CO2+H2O+CH3COONaCH₃COOH + NaHCO₃ → CO₂ + H₂O +


CH₃COONaCH3COOH+NaHCO3→CO2+H2O+CH3COONa

9. Fun Activities for Class

Activity Type of Change

Blow up balloon with vinegar + baking soda Chemical Change


Activity Type of Change

Melting wax Physical Change

Burning candle wick Chemical Change

Tearing paper Physical Change

Rusting iron nail over days Chemical Change

Conclusion

• All changes are not the same.

• Physical changes are simpler, and chemical changes involve new substances.

• Understanding these helps in chemistry, biology, and even daily life decisions like
preventing rust.

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