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INTRODUCTION

The document discusses physical and chemical changes, defining physical changes as temporary and reversible alterations in physical properties without changing the substance's composition, while chemical changes are permanent and involve a change in composition and properties. Examples of physical changes include melting ice and boiling water, whereas chemical changes include rusting and burning. The document also highlights key characteristics and differences between these two types of changes.

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6 views

INTRODUCTION

The document discusses physical and chemical changes, defining physical changes as temporary and reversible alterations in physical properties without changing the substance's composition, while chemical changes are permanent and involve a change in composition and properties. Examples of physical changes include melting ice and boiling water, whereas chemical changes include rusting and burning. The document also highlights key characteristics and differences between these two types of changes.

Uploaded by

6230.vaibhav
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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INTRODUCTION

Physical and chemical change of Class 7


In our daily life we came across many changes in our surroundings. Such changes
may involve one or more substances. For example, if you dissolve salt in water to
make a solution. Making a salt solution is a change. Similarly, setting curd from milk
is a change. Sometimes milk becomes sour. Souring of milk is a change. Stretched
rubber band also represents a change. Make a list of ten changes you have noticed
around you. In this chapter we shall perform some activities and study the nature of
these changes. Broadly, these changes are of two kinds, physical and chemical.

PHYSICAL CHANGES
Physical and chemical change of Class 7
Any change which can alters some physical property of the matter such as its state,
texture, magnetic or electrical conditions or its colour, without causing any change in
the composition of its molecules, is called physical change, or you can say it is a
temporary change which can be easily reversed and in which only the physical
properties of a substance change without any change in its composition. “Properties
such as shape, size, colour and state of a substance are called physical properties.
A change in which a substance undergoes a change in its physical properties is
called a physical Change.

Following points need special consideration:


 Physical change is reversible and temporary.
 The composition of the substance does not change during a physical change and
hence, no new substance is formed.
 No loss or gain of energy takes place during a physical change. The energy needed
to bring about a physical change is equal to energy that can reverse the change. For
example, 2260 J of heat energy is needed to change 1 g of water at 100°C to 1g of
steam at 100°C. The same amount of heat energy is given out when 1g of steam
condenses to 1 g of water at 100°C.
 No change in mass occurs during a physical change. This is because the substance
undergoing a change remains the same. No matter is added or removed.

Examples of physical change:

 Making of ice-cream
 Boiling water into steam.
 Crystallization of sugar from its solution,
 Sublimation of camphor.
 Bending of glass tube by heating.
 Melting of wax.
 Evaporation of water.
 Glowing of an electric bulb
 Magnetising an iron bar by means of electricity.
 Dissolving sodium chloride in water

CHEMICAL CHANGE
Physical and chemical change of Class 7
Definition ofChemical Change
Chemical change is a permanent change which cannot be reversed and in which the chemical
properties of a substance change with the change in its composition. It also alters the specific
properties of a compound by bringing about a change in its molecular composition followed
by a change in state,

All of us are familiar is the rusting of iron. If we leave a piece of iron in contact of air for
some time, it is observe that the piece of iron acquires a film of brownish substance. This
substance is called rust and the process is called rusting. Iron gates of parks or farmlands, iron
benches kept in lawns and gardens, almost every article of iron, kept in the open gets rusted.
At home you must have seen shovels and spades getting rusted when exposed to
theatmosphere for some time.

Characteristics of a Chemical Change:

 Change in mass of the substance occurs during a chemical change. However, total mass of all
the reactants and products remain unchanged.
 The composition of a substance changes during a chemical change.
 Either heat is absorbed or evolved during a chemical change i.e., chemical change is either
exothermic or endothermic.The different atoms in a chemical compound are joined by
attractive forces commonly called bonds. The formation or breaking of the bonds always
requires exchange of energy.
 The chemical change is irreversible and permanent,It means that the change will not reverse
by altering the experimental conditions.

Example:
The sugar molecule which has decomposed on heating and form carbon and steam will not
change to sugar on cooling.

Examples of Chemical changes

 Rusting of an iron knife.


 Burning of a candle.
 Digestion of food.
Obviously, the rust cannot be converted back into iron, the burnt products i.e., carbon
dioxide and water, cannot form wax and the products formed on digestion cannot be
brought back into the original food.
 Burning of wood or charcoal.
 Decomposition of water into hydrogen and oxygen.
 Formation of water from hydrogen and oxygen
 Curdling of milk.
Some Examples Involving Chemical Changes:
Chemical change Observation Equation

When a magnesium ribbon is heated in a flame of


1. Burning of Magnesium + Oxygen ®
Bunsen burner, it catches fire and burns with a dazzling
magnesium in air Magnesium oxide
white flame to form white ash.

When iron (silver grey) is left exposed to moist air for a iron + Oxygen from air+
2. Rusting of iron fewdays, reddish brown powdery mass (rust) is found Water vapour® Rust
on its surface Butane

(c) Difference between Physical and Chemical Changes


Different Example of Physical and chemical change

Physical change Chemical change

Ripening of fruit Baking of cake

Formation of biogas Formation of methane in marshy areas

Clotting in blood Drying of paint

Burning of LPG gas

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