1

●​ Teleological approach is also termed as act

1 _ETHICO-MORAL utilitarianism where the good resides in the
promotion of happiness.
RESPONSIBILITY ●​ “If the act helps people, then it is a good act, & if it
hurts people then it is a bad one.”
ETHICS VS. MORALS
Ethics II.​ DEONTOLOGICAL APPROACH OR DUTY
●​ From the Greek word ethos which means moral duty ORIENTED THEORY
●​ Refers to a standard to examine & understand moral ●​ Deontology is From the Greek word deon which
life means duty
●​ Ethical theories, principles & codes of conduct serve ●​ According to Immanuel Kant ,a German philosopher,
as guides of human conduct provided by ethical even when individuals do not want to fulfill their
systems duty, they are required to do so.
●​ Ethics is about making choices that are best for the ●​ Deontological ethics is concerned with duties and
individual or society at certain times & in particular rules, where actions are deemed right or wrong based
situations. on adherence to ethical principles rather than their
outcomes.
Morals
●​ Specific ways of behavior or of accomplishing ethical III.​ VIRTUE ETHICS APPROACH
practices ●​ Virtue ethics from the Greek word arete is focused
●​ Morality is derived from the Greek word moralis primarily on the heart of the person performing the
which refers to social consensus about moral conduct act.
for human beings & society. -​ It focuses on the traits & virtues of a good
●​ Human decency, right or wrong, good or evil, proper person such as courage, temperance,
or improper, cruel or benevolent acts are explained in wisdom & justice
terms of morality. -​ One must have the right motivation,
disposition & traits for being good & doing
Ethicists Joseph Fletcher differentiates morality from ethics. right such as courage, magnanimity, honesty,
Morality is what you believe is right & good while Ethics is justice & beneficence.
the critical reflection about morality & rational analysis about
it. IV.​ DEVINE COMMAND ETHICS
●​ Based on the theory that there is a supreme or divine
NURSING ETHICS being that sets down the rules to provide guidance to
●​ Related to all principles of right conduct as they moral decisions.
apply to the profession
●​ Reinforces the nurses’ ideals & motives in order to BASIC ETHICAL PRINCIPLES
maximize the effectivity of their service. ●​ assist the health professionals to determine the right
●​ examination of all ethical & bio- ethical issues from or wrong in regard to value issues in pursuit of
the perspective nursing theory & nursing ethics health, alleviation of suffering & assisting patients
●​ the field of nursing ethics focused on the needs & towards peaceful death.
experiences of practicing nurses, exploration of it’s
meaning & that of ethical practice in terms of the UNIVERSAL PRINCIPLES OF BIOMEDICAL ETHICS
perception of these nurses. 1.​ Autonomy
●​ Involves self determination & freedom to choose &
ETHICAL APPROACHES implement one’s decision, free from deceit, duress,
I.​ THEOLOGICAL APPROACH constraint or coercion, Called informed consent.
●​ Teleology comes from the Greek work telos or “goal ●​ Provides patient & family within their level of
or end.” understanding to evaluate risks & other options open
●​ This ethical theory focuses on making decisions that to them.
produce the greatest good for the greatest number of ●​ Allows patient to refuse treatment if he decides,
people. ailment disclosure, prognosis, mode of treatment &
confidentiality.