"Wave Optics":

1 Mark Questions:

Q: What is the wavelength range of visible light?

A: Visible light has wavelengths between 400 nm and 700 nm.

Q: What is the principle of superposition of waves?

A: The principle of superposition states that the resultant displacement at any point is the vector sum of the
displacements due to individual waves.

2 Marks Questions:

Q: What are coherent sources? Give an example.

A: Coherent sources are sources of light having the same frequency and a constant phase difference.
Example: Two slits in Young's double-slit experiment illuminated by a single source.

Q: Explain why light waves are transverse in nature.

A: Light waves are transverse because the oscillations of the electric and magnetic fields are perpendicular
to the direction of wave propagation.

3 Marks Questions:

Q: Differentiate between interference and diffraction.

A:Interference: Superposition of waves from two coherent sources producing alternate bright and dark
fringes.
Diffraction: Bending of light around obstacles, producing a central bright region with secondary maxima
and minima.

1. Interference is due to the interaction of two waves, while diffraction arises from the spreading of waves from one
source.

Q: What is the condition for constructive and destructive interference?

1. ANS: Constructive interference: Path difference Δx=nλ\Delta x = n\lambda, where nn is an integer.

2. Destructive interference: Path difference Δx=(n+12)λ\Delta x = (n + \frac{1}{2})\lambda, where nn is an integer.

4 Marks Questions:

Q: Explain Young's double-slit experiment.

A:Monochromatic light passes through two slits, S1S_1 and S2S_2, which act as coherent sources.

1. The interference pattern of bright (constructive interference) and dark (destructive interference) fringes is formed on a
screen.
2. Fringe width is β=λDd\beta = \frac{\lambda D}{d}, where λ\lambda is wavelength, DD is the screen distance, and dd is
slit separation.

Q: How does the speed of light vary in different media?

A: The speed of light vv in a medium is given by v=cnv = \frac{c}{n}, where cc is the speed of light in a
vacuum and nn is the refractive index. In denser media, vv decreases because n>1n > 1.

5 Marks Questions:

Q: Derive the laws of reflection using Huygens' principle.

A:Consider a plane wavefront AB incident at an angle ii on a reflecting surface.

1. Every point on AB acts as a source of secondary wavelets.

 2. The reflected wavefront CD is tangent to the secondary wavelets after time tt.
3. By geometry, i=ri = r, proving the law of reflection.

Q: Discuss the phenomenon of polarization and its significance.

A:Polarization refers to the orientation of oscillations in a transverse wave, such as light.

1. Light can be polarized using a polaroid. Only oscillations along the pass-axis of the polaroid are transmitted.
2. Significance: Polarized light is used in sunglasses, photography, 3D movies, and reducing glare.

1 Mark Question:

Q: What is Huygens' principle?

A: Huygens' principle states that every point on a wavefront acts as a source of secondary wavelets, and the new
wavefront is the envelope of these wavelets.

2 Marks Question:

Q: State and explain Snell's law using Huygens' principle.

A: Snell's law, derived using Huygens' principle, states:

n1sin⁡i=n2sin⁡rn_1 \sin i = n_2 \sin r

Here n1n_1 and n2n_2 are refractive indices of the two media, ii is the angle of incidence, and rr is the angle of
refraction. It is derived by considering the change in speed and wavelength of light as it passes from one medium to
another.

3 Marks Question:

Q: How does the intensity of light vary due to interference in Young's double-slit experiment?
A: In Young's experiment:

1. The intensity at any point is determined by the superposition of waves from two slits.
2. Constructive interference occurs when the path difference is nλn\lambda (where nn is an integer), resulting in maximum
intensity 4I04I_0.
3. Destructive interference occurs when the path difference is (n+12)λ(n+\frac{1}{2})\lambda, leading to zero intensity.

4 Marks Question:

Q: Derive the expression for the fringe width in Young’s double-slit experiment.
A:Path difference between two waves is Δx=dsin⁡θ\Delta x = d \sin \theta.

1. For small angles, sin⁡θ≈tan⁡θ=xD\sin \theta \approx \tan \theta = \frac{x}{D}, where xx is the fringe position, DD is the screen
distance, and dd is slit separation.
2. For constructive interference:

Δx=nλ ⟹ dxD=nλ\Delta x = n\lambda \implies \frac{dx}{D} = n\lambda x=nλDdx = n\

frac{\lambda D}{d}

1. Fringe width, β=xn+1−xn=λDd\beta = x_{n+1} - x_n = \frac{\lambda D}{d}.

5 Marks Question:

Q: Explain diffraction at a single slit and derive the condition for the first minimum.
A:

1. When light passes through a single slit, it spreads and forms a pattern of bright and dark regions on a screen.
2. Divide the slit into parts. The path difference between waves from adjacent parts determines interference.
 3. At the first minimum, the path difference is λ\lambda.
4. Condition for minima is:

asin⁡θ=nλ, n=±1,±2,...a \sin \theta = n\lambda, \, n = \pm1, \pm2, ...

where aa is the slit width, θ\theta is the diffraction angle, and λ\lambda is the wavelength.

1 Mark Questions:

Q: What is the wavelength range of visible light?

A: Visible light has wavelengths between 400 nm and 700 nm.

Q: What is the principle of superposition of waves?

A: The principle of superposition states that the resultant displacement at any point is the vector sum of the
displacements due to individual waves.

2 Marks Questions:

Q: What are coherent sources? Give an example.

A: Coherent sources are sources of light having the same frequency and a constant phase difference.
Example: Two slits in Young's double-slit experiment illuminated by a single source.

Q: Explain why light waves are transverse in nature.

A: Light waves are transverse because the oscillations of the electric and magnetic fields are perpendicular
to the direction of wave propagation.

3 Marks Questions:

Q: Differentiate between interference and diffraction.

A:Interference: Superposition of waves from two coherent sources producing alternate bright and dark
fringes.

Diffraction: Bending of light around obstacles, producing a central bright region with secondary maxima
and minima. Interference is due to the interaction of two waves, while diffraction arises from the spreading
of waves from one source.

Q: What is the condition for constructive and destructive interference?

A:

1. Constructive interference: Path difference Δx=nλ\Delta x = n\lambda, where nn is an integer.

2. Destructive interference: Path difference Δx=(n+12)λ\Delta x = (n + \frac{1}{2})\lambda, where nn is an integer.

4 Marks Questions:
Q: Explain Young's double-slit experiment.
A:Monochromatic light passes through two slits, S1S_1 and S2S_2, which act as coherent sources.

1. The interference pattern of bright (constructive interference) and dark (destructive interference) fringes is formed on a
screen.
2. Fringe width is β=λDd\beta = \frac{\lambda D}{d}, where λ\lambda is wavelength, DD is the screen distance, and dd is
slit separation.

Q: How does the speed of light vary in different media?

A: The speed of light vv in a medium is given by v=cnv = \frac{c}{n}, where cc is the speed of light in a
vacuum and nn is the refractive index. In denser media, vv decreases because n>1n > 1.

5 Marks Questions:
 Q: Derive the laws of reflection using Huygens' principle.
A:

1. Consider a plane wavefront AB incident at an angle ii on a reflecting surface.

2. Every point on AB acts as a source of secondary wavelets.
3. The reflected wavefront CD is tangent to the secondary wavelets after time tt.
4. By geometry, i=ri = r, proving the law of reflection.

Q: Discuss the phenomenon of polarization and its significance.

A:

1. Polarization refers to the orientation of oscillations in a transverse wave, such as light.

2. Light can be polarized using a polaroid. Only oscillations along the pass-axis of the polaroid are transmitted.
3. Significance: Polarized light is used in sunglasses, photography, 3D movies, and reducing glare.

Important Tables:

Key Interference Conditions:

Condition Result
Constructive interference (Bright
Δx=nλ\Delta x = n\lambda
fringe)
Δx=(n+12)λ\Delta x = (n + \frac{1}{2})\
Destructive interference (Dark fringe)
lambda

Comparison of Interference and Diffraction:

Featur
Interference Diffraction
e
Source Two coherent sources Single source or slit
Patter Alternate bright and dark Central bright region with weaker secondary
n fringes fringes
Cause Superposition of waves Bending of waves around obstacles

Laws of Reflection and Refraction:

Phenome
Law Expression
non
Angle of incidence = Angle of
Reflection i=ri = r
reflection
Refractio
Snell's law n1sin⁡i=n2sin⁡rn_1 \sin i = n_2 \sin r
n

Important Diagrams:

Huygens' Principle Construction:

1. Diagram Description: Shows a wavefront with secondary wavelets emanating from it, and the envelope forming the
next wavefront.

Young's Double-Slit Experiment:

1. Diagram Description: Two slits S1S_1 and S2S_2 produce overlapping waves on a screen, forming a pattern of bright
and dark fringes.

Diffraction at a Single Slit:

 1. Diagram Description: A parallel beam of light passing through a single slit spreads out, forming a central maximum and
secondary maxima/minima.

Reflection and Refraction Using Huygens’ Principle:

1. Diagram Description: Incident wavefronts showing how they get reflected or refracted using the tangent construction
method.

Polarization of Light:

1. Diagram Description: A light beam passes through a polaroid. The electric field oscillations are restricted to one
direction after passing through the polaroid.

MCQs for 1 Mark

Huygens' principle is used to:

1. (A) Explain the reflection and refraction of light

2. (B) Calculate the speed of light
3. (C) Measure the wavelength of light
4. (D) Analyze the Doppler effect
Answer: (A)

The phenomenon that proves the transverse nature of light is:

1. (A) Reflection
2. (B) Refraction
3. (C) Diffraction
4. (D) Polarization
Answer: (D)

The angular width of the central maximum in a single-slit diffraction pattern is:

1. (A) Inversely proportional to slit width

2. (B) Directly proportional to slit width
3. (C) Independent of wavelength
4. (D) Twice the wavelength of light
Answer: (A)

In Young’s double-slit experiment, the fringe width is:

1. (A) Inversely proportional to slit separation

2. (B) Independent of wavelength
3. (C) Directly proportional to the distance between slits and the screen
4. (D) Both (A) and (C)
Answer: (D)

In a Young’s double-slit experiment, the slits are 0.5 mm apart, and the screen is 1 m away. For light
of wavelength 500 nm, the fringe width is:

1. (A) 1 mm
2. (B) 0.1 mm
3. (C) 2 mm
4. (D) 0.5 mm
Answer: (A)

What happens to the wavelength, speed, and frequency of light when it passes from air to water?
 1. (A) Wavelength increases, speed increases, frequency remains the same
2. (B) Wavelength decreases, speed decreases, frequency remains the same
3. (C) Wavelength decreases, speed remains constant, frequency increases
4. (D) Wavelength increases, speed decreases, frequency increases
Answer: (B)

Which of the following correctly represents the path difference for destructive interference?

1. (A) nλn\lambda
2. (B) n2λ\frac{n}{2}\lambda
3. (C) (n+12)λ(n+\frac{1}{2})\lambda
4. (D) nλ+λ2n\lambda + \frac{\lambda}{2}
Answer: (C)

The refractive index of a medium is 1.5. The speed of light in the medium is:

1. (A) 3.0×108 m/s3.0 \times 10^8 \, \text{m/s}

2. (B) 2.0×108 m/s2.0 \times 10^8 \, \text{m/s}
3. (C) 1.5×108 m/s1.5 \times 10^8 \, \text{m/s}
4. (D) 4.5×108 m/s4.5 \times 10^8 \, \text{m/s}
Answer: (B)

In a single-slit diffraction experiment, the width of the slit is halved. The width of the central
maximum:

1. (A) Doubles
2. (B) Halves
3. (C) Remains the same
4. (D) Becomes four times larger
Answer: (A)

In Young’s experiment, if the wavelength of light is halved and the slit separation is doubled, the
fringe width:

1. (A) Doubles
2. (B) Becomes one-fourth
3. (C) Remains unchanged
4. (D) Halves
Answer: (B)

The condition for total internal reflection is:

1. (A) The light ray must travel from a rarer to a denser medium.
2. (B) The angle of incidence must be greater than the critical angle.
3. (C) The angle of refraction must equal 90∘90^\circ.
4. (D) Both (B) and (C).
Answer: (D)

In the interference pattern, the distance between successive bright fringes depends on:

1. (A) The wavelength of light

2. (B) The distance between the screen and the slits
3. (C) The separation between the slits
4. (D) All of the above
Answer: (D)

The unit of refractive index is:

 1. (A) m/s
2. (B) m
3. (C) Unitless
4. (D) Hz
Answer: (C)

When unpolarized light passes through a polaroid, its intensity becomes:

1. (A) Halved
2. (B) Doubled
3. (C) Reduced to one-fourth
4. (D) Unchanged
Answer: (A)

The angular width of the central maximum in a single-slit diffraction experiment is proportional to:

1. (A) Wavelength
2. (B) Inverse of the slit width
3. (C) Distance between the screen and slit
4. (D) Both (A) and (B)
Answer: (D)

For light to undergo polarization, it must:

1. (A) Travel through a vacuum

2. (B) Be a transverse wave
3. (C) Be a longitudinal wave
4. (D) Be monochromatic
Answer: (B)

In Young’s double-slit experiment, the fringe width is β\beta. If the screen distance is doubled and the
wavelength is halved, the new fringe width is:

1. (A) 4β4\beta
2. (B) β/2\beta/2
3. (C) β\beta
4. (D) β/4\beta/4
Answer: (B)

The polarizing angle for a transparent medium is 60∘60^\circ. The refractive index of the medium is:

1. (A) 3\sqrt{3}
2. (B) 1/31/\sqrt{3}
3. (C) 2\sqrt{2}
4. (D) 1
Answer: (A)

If the slit width in a diffraction experiment is doubled, the angular width of the central maximum:
(A) Halves (B) Doubles

1. (C) Remains the same

2. (D) Becomes one-fourth
Answer: (A)

Which of the following are true for interference?

1. (A) It requires coherent sources.

 2. (B) It occurs for longitudinal waves only.
3. (C) It is due to the superposition of waves.
4. (D) The intensity is maximum where the waves are in phase.
5. Answer: (A), (C), and (D).

In a single-slit diffraction experiment, the first minimum is at θ=30∘\theta = 30^\circ. If the wavelength
of light is 500 nm, the slit width is:

1. (A) 1.0 μm1.0 \, \mu\text{m}

2. (B) 2.5 μm2.5 \, \mu\text{m}
3. (C) 0.5 μm0.5 \, \mu\text{m}
4. (D) 1.5 μm1.5 \, \mu\text{m}
Answer: (A)

Which of the following correctly explains polarization?

1. (A) It proves the wave nature of light.

2. (B) It occurs for transverse waves only.
3. (C) It reduces light intensity.
4. (D) It can be achieved using polaroids.
5. Answer: All of the above.

Here are some Assertion (A) and Reason (R) type questions based on "Wave Optics":

Assertion (A): The speed of light decreases when it travels from air to glass.
Reason (R): The refractive index of glass is greater than that of air.

1. (A) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.

2. (B) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
3. (C) A is true, but R is false.
4. (D) A is false, but R is true.
Answer: (A)

Assertion (A): Polarization is possible for transverse waves only.

Reason (R): Polarization involves restricting oscillations to a particular direction.

1. (A) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.

2. (B) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
3. (C) A is true, but R is false.
4. (D) A is false, but R is true.
Answer: (A)

Assertion (A): In Young’s double-slit experiment, the central bright fringe is white when white light is used.
Reason (R): The central fringe corresponds to zero path difference for all wavelengths.

1. (A) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.

2. (B) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
3. (C) A is true, but R is false.
4. (D) A is false, but R is true.
Answer: (A)

Assertion (A): Diffraction is more noticeable for sound waves than for light waves.
Reason (R): The wavelength of sound waves is much larger than that of light waves.

1. (A) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.

2. (B) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
3. (C) A is true, but R is false.
 4. (D) A is false, but R is true.
Answer: (A)

Assertion (A): In a single-slit diffraction pattern, the width of the central maximum decreases with an
increase in the width of the slit.
Reason (R): The angular width of the central maximum is inversely proportional to the slit width.

1. (A) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.

2. (B) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
3. (C) A is true, but R is false.
4. (D) A is false, but R is true.
Answer: (A)

Assertion (A): The colors observed in a thin film are due to the interference of light.
Reason (R): Different wavelengths of light undergo different phase shifts on reflection.

1. (A) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.

2. (B) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
3. (C) A is true, but R is false.
4. (D) A is false, but R is true.
Answer: (A)

Assertion (A): In polarized light, the electric field oscillates in only one direction.
Reason (R): A polaroid filters out one of the components of the electric field of the incident light.

1. (A) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.

2. (B) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
3. (C) A is true, but R is false.
4. (D) A is false, but R is true.
Answer: (A)

Assertion (A): In Young’s double-slit experiment, fringes disappear if one of the slits is covered.
Reason (R): Interference occurs due to the superposition of light waves from two coherent sources.

1. (A) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.

2. (B) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
3. (C) A is true, but R is false.
4. (D) A is false, but R is true.
Answer: (A)

Assertion (A): The fringe width in Young’s double-slit experiment increases when the screen is moved
farther away.
Reason (R): The fringe width is directly proportional to the distance between the slits and the screen.

1. (A) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.

2. (B) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
3. (C) A is true, but R is false.
4. (D) A is false, but R is true.
Answer: (A)

Assertion (A): Diffraction patterns are not observed in everyday life for light waves.
Reason (R): Diffraction effects are significant only when the obstacle size is comparable to the wavelength
of light.

1. (A) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.

2. (B) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
3. (C) A is true, but R is false.
 4. (D) A is false, but R is true.
Answer: (A)

Assertion (A): Light waves from two different sodium lamps cannot produce an interference pattern.
Reason (R): The light waves from independent sources are incoherent.

1. (A) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.

2. (B) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
3. (C) A is true, but R is false.
4. (D) A is false, but R is true.
Answer: (A)

Assertion (A): In a single-slit diffraction pattern, the central maximum is brighter than the secondary
maxima.
Reason (R): The intensity of light in the central maximum is the sum of contributions from the entire slit
width.

1. (A) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.

2. (B) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
3. (C) A is true, but R is false.
4. (D) A is false, but R is true.
Answer: (A)

Assertion (A): The colors of soap bubbles are due to thin-film interference.
Reason (R): Light waves reflected from the upper and lower surfaces of the soap film interfere
constructively or destructively.

1. (A) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.

2. (B) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
3. (C) A is true, but R is false.
4. (D) A is false, but R is true.
Answer: (A)

Assertion (A): In polarized light, the intensity changes when it passes through a second polaroid.
Reason (R): The transmitted intensity depends on the angle between the polarization axes of the two
polaroids.

1. (A) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.

2. (B) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
3. (C) A is true, but R is false.
4. (D) A is false, but R is true.
Answer: (A)

Assertion (A): The angular width of the central maximum in a single-slit diffraction decreases when the
wavelength of light decreases.
Reason (R): The angular width of the central maximum is directly proportional to the wavelength of light.

1. (A) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.

2. (B) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
3. (C) A is true, but R is false.
4. (D) A is false, but R is true.
Answer: (A)

Assertion (A): In Young’s experiment, the fringe pattern shifts if one of the slits is covered with a thin
transparent material.
Reason (R): The material introduces a phase difference between the two coherent sources.
 1. (A) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
2. (B) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
3. (C) A is true, but R is false.
4. (D) A is false, but R is true.
Answer: (A)

Case 1: Interference and Young's Experiment

In a laboratory experiment, monochromatic light of wavelength 600 nm passes through two slits in a Young's
double-slit setup. The slits are separated by 0.3 mm, and the screen is placed 1.5 m away from the slits.

The students observe that the central bright fringe is located at the midpoint of the screen. They measure the
distance between the first and third bright fringes and find it to be 4 mm.

Questions:

What is the fringe width (distance between adjacent bright fringes)?

1. (A) 1 mm
2. (B) 2 mm
3. (C) 0.5 mm
4. (D) 4 mm
Answer: (B) 2 mm

What will happen to the fringe width if the wavelength of the light is increased?

1. (A) The fringe width will decrease.

2. (B) The fringe width will remain the same.
3. (C) The fringe width will increase.
4. (D) The fringe width will become zero.
Answer: (C) The fringe width will increase.

If the slits are moved closer together, what will happen to the distance between the fringes?

1. (A) The distance between the fringes will increase.

2. (B) The distance between the fringes will decrease.
3. (C) The distance between the fringes will remain unchanged.
4. (D) There will be no interference pattern.
Answer: (B) The distance between the fringes will decrease.

Case 2: Diffraction at a Single Slit

A monochromatic light of wavelength 450 nm passes through a single slit of width 0.1 mm. The diffraction pattern
formed on the screen is observed to have a central maximum and secondary minima at specific angles.

Questions:

What is the angular position of the first diffraction minimum?

1. (A) sin⁡θ=0.5\sin \theta = 0.5

2. (B) sin⁡θ=1\sin \theta = 1
3. (C) sin⁡θ=λa\sin \theta = \frac{\lambda}{a}
4. (D) sin⁡θ=12\sin \theta = \frac{1}{2}
Answer: (C) sin⁡θ=λa\sin \theta = \frac{\lambda}{a}

If the slit width is halved, what will happen to the angular width of the central maximum?
 1. (A) The angular width will decrease.
2. (B) The angular width will remain the same.
3. (C) The angular width will increase.
4. (D) The central maximum will disappear.
Answer: (C) The angular width will increase.

If the wavelength of the light used in the experiment is increased, how does the position of the first
minimum change?

1. (A) It moves closer to the central maximum.

2. (B) It moves away from the central maximum.
3. (C) It stays at the same position.
4. (D) It disappears.
Answer: (B) It moves away from the central maximum.

Case 3: Polarization and Light Transmission

Light from a sodium lamp, which is unpolarized, passes through two polaroids. The first polaroid is oriented such
that the light passes through it with maximum intensity. The second polaroid is rotated with respect to the first.

Questions:

What happens to the intensity of light after it passes through the second polaroid, if it is rotated by 90°
from the first?

1. (A) The intensity remains unchanged.

2. (B) The intensity decreases to zero.
3. (C) The intensity increases.
4. (D) The intensity becomes half of the original intensity.
Answer: (B) The intensity decreases to zero.

If the angle between the two polaroids is 45°, what fraction of the light intensity is transmitted
through both polaroids?

1. (A) 0.5
2. (B) 1
3. (C) 0.25
4. (D) 0.75
Answer: (A) 0.5

If the angle between the polaroids is 0°, what will be the transmitted intensity?

1. (A) Maximum intensity

2. (B) Half of the intensity
3. (C) Zero intensity
4. (D) None of the above
Answer: (A) Maximum intensity

Case 4: Refraction and Snell's Law

A ray of light passes from air (refractive index = 1) into water (refractive index = 1.33) at an angle of incidence of
30°. Questions:

What is the angle of refraction when the light enters the water?

1. (A) 15°
2. (B) 22°
 3. (C) 40°
4. (D) 30°
Answer: (B) 22°

What happens to the angle of refraction if the refractive index of water increases?

1. (A) The angle of refraction decreases.

2. (B) The angle of refraction increases.
3. (C) The angle of refraction remains the same.
4. (D) The light will not refract.
Answer: (A) The angle of refraction decreases.

If the light is passing from water to air, what will happen to the refracted ray?

1. (A) It will bend towards the normal.

2. (B) It will bend away from the normal.
3. (C) It will follow the same path as the incident ray.
4. (D) It will be totally internally reflected.
Answer: (B) It will bend away from the normal.