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Experiment 5 Study of Three Phase System

The experiment focuses on studying three-phase systems, specifically verifying the relationships between line and phase voltages and currents in balanced Y and Δ-connected circuits, as well as measuring power using single and two wattmeter methods. Equipment used includes a three-phase power supply, wattmeters, and various loads. The procedure involves constructing circuits, taking measurements, and calculating power factors and complex power for both types of connections.

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21 views

Experiment 5 Study of Three Phase System

The experiment focuses on studying three-phase systems, specifically verifying the relationships between line and phase voltages and currents in balanced Y and Δ-connected circuits, as well as measuring power using single and two wattmeter methods. Equipment used includes a three-phase power supply, wattmeters, and various loads. The procedure involves constructing circuits, taking measurements, and calculating power factors and complex power for both types of connections.

Uploaded by

rahancy12
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering (EEE)

EEE 201: Electrical Circuits II

EXPERIMENT
. NO: 05
Study of Three Phase System

OBJECTIVE

The objective of this experiment is to study three phase system. First we will verify the relationship between line
and phase voltages and currents in a balanced three phase circuit (for both Y and Δ-connected load) and next we
will measure the power for 3-phase loads by using single wattmeter and two wattmeter methods. The
measurement will be done for Wye (Y) loads.

EQUIPMENTS

Three-phase power supply, 2 analog wattmeter, lamp board (use 100 W and 60 W bulbs), capacitor board (use
10 μF, 4.5μF and 2.5μF), multimeter, AC ammeter and connecting wires.

PART A: Study of Line and Phase Relation of Voltage and Current in a Balanced Three Phase System

For a balanced 3- connected system, the relation between line-to-line voltage and phase voltage is VL = VP and
between the line current and the phase current is IL = 3IP. For the balanced 3- Y-connected system, the relation
between line-to-line voltage and phase voltage is VL = 3VP and between the line current and the phase current
is IL = IP.

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

Fig. 01 Relation between line and phase V and I for Y-connection

Fig. 02 Relation between line and phase V and I for -connection


1
PROCEDURE:

CAUTION: DO NOT UNPLUG CONNECTING WIRES WHILE POWER SUPPLY IS TURNED ON. BEFORE
MAKING ANY CHANGES, MAKE SURE POWER SUPPLY IS TURNED OFF.

For Y-connection (Fig. 01)


1. Construct the circuit as shown in Fig.01. Make sure that in each phase the lamp loads and capacitive loads
are in parallel. Vary the supply voltage so that line-to-line voltage is 160 volts.
2. Connect the ammeters and voltmeters as shown in Fig. 01 and take the readings.
3. Note that the current in the neutral line is zero. This is because the system is balanced.

For −connection (Fig. 02)


4. Construct the circuit as shown in Fig.02. Vary the supply voltage so that line-to-line voltage is 160 volts.
Here also make sure that the lamp loads and capacitive loads are in parallel in each phase.
5. Connect the ammeters and voltmeters as shown in Fig. 02 and take the readings.

PART B: Power measurement of 3-phase AC circuits:

Wattmeter is widely used as the instrument to measure the average (or real) power in single phase circuits. One
single phase wattmeter connected to each phase in a 3-phase circuit can provide total power by the summation
of all three readings from wattmeters. This is called three wattmeter method which is well suited for power
measurement in a 3-phase system with constantly changing power factor regardless of different load conditions.

But three-phase power measurement can be effectively executed by connecting only 2 wattmeters. The two
wattmemter method is most commonly used regardless of whether the load is Y-connected or ∆-connected,
balanced or unbalanced. This experiment will show the power measurement comparison using both methods.
Three wattmeter method is performed by connecting a single wattmeter in a phase and then multiplying it by 3.

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

Fig. 03: Three phase power measurement using single wattmeter (Y connected loads)

2
Fig. 04: Three phase power measurement using 2 wattmeters (Y connected loads)

PROCEDURE:

CAUTION: DO NOT UNPLUG CONNECTING WIRES WHILE POWER SUPPLY IS TURNED ON. BEFORE
MAKING ANY CHANGES, MAKE SURE POWER SUPPLY IS TURNED OFF.

For Wye (Y) connected loads (Fig. 03 & 04)

6. Connect the circuit according to Fig. 03. Here also make sure that the lamp loads and capacitive
loads are in parallel in each phase. Measure the single phase power WP. The total power for 3 phase
loads would be 3WP . Measure the line to line voltage (VLL) and line current and record it. Use Wp , phase
voltage (Vp) and phase current (IP) to get impedance angle.

7. Connect the circuit according to Fig. 04 and measure the values of W1 and W2. The total power for 3 phase
loads would be (W1 + W2). Measure the line to line voltage (VLL) and line current and record it.

PRE-LAB

1. Calculate the values of line and phase voltages and the line and phase currents at load side of the balanced
three phase circuits shown in Fig.01 and Fig.02, if the load impedance per phase is 160 − 400 . Consider
the line-to-line value of the supply voltage as 160 V.

2. Calculate the complex power absorbed by both Y and Δ-connected load.

REPORT

1. From your experimental data (Steps 1-5) verify the relationship of line and phase voltages for Y-
connected load and the line and phase currents for -connected load.

2. From the experimental data (Steps 6-7) show that 3WP = W1 + W2 for the Wye (Y) connected load.

3. Calculate the power factor (PF) of the Y-connected load of the 3-phase system used in this experiment.
Find out the total real and reactive power consumed by the load.

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