HANDOUTS ON MULTIMEDIA CLASS

SENTENCE CONNECTOR

PRESENTED BY:
MD. AMINUR RAHMAN ZION,
LECTURER IN ENGLISH,
DWARIKA PAUL MOHILA DEGREE COLLEGE, SREEMANGAL.

EXAMINER: SYLHET BOARD

&
NATIONAL UNIVERSITY.
 Why are Sentence Connectors Used?

• Sentence connectors are used to link ideas from one sentence to the
next and to give paragraphs coherence.
• Sentence connectors perform different functions and are placed
generally at the beginning of a sentence or between two words /
clauses.
• They are used to introduce, order, contrast, compare, exemplify,
relate, explain, comment or sequence ideas, theory, data etc.
• They help to develop ideas and relate them to one another.
• When speaking in a formal context or when presenting complicated
information in writing they add sophistication to writing style.
 Sample Question
Mobile phone has become an essential gadget for
everybody. [a]___, it has become very popular. [b]___ it has
created a number of problems. It has [c]___ advantages
[d]___ disadvantages. [e]___, it helps to connect people. [f]___,
it helps to exchange information. [g]___, it can be used for
various purposes. [h]___, it has a few disadvantages [i]___
can cause a lot of troubles. [j]___, its advantages are more
than its disadvantages.
 Connectors of Similarity / Comparison
1. BESIDES
2. MOREOVER
3. IN ADDITION / ADDITIONALLY
4. FURTHERMORE
5. AGAIN
6. LIKEWISE
7. SIMILARLY
8. CORRESPONDINGLY
9. IN THE SAME WAY
10. Unlike
 Connectors of Addition
1. ALSO / TOO

1. NOT ONLY ….......…… BUT ALSO

2. BOTH …….......…. AND

3. AND ……............. TOO

4. IN ADDITION TO
5. AND / AS WELL AS
6. LIKE
7. SIMILAR TO
Example:
1. He is meritorious and hard-working too.

2. He is meritorious; similarly / likewise he is hard-

working.

3. He is meritorious. He is hard-working also.

Example:
4. I have a bike. Besides / furthermore / moreover / in
addition, I have a car.

5. I have a bike in addition to / and / as well as a car.

6. I have not only a bike but also a car.

 Connectors of Cause
1. BECAUSE / AS / SINCE

2. BECAUSE OF / AS A RESULT OF
/ FOR / OWING TO
/ DUE TO / ON ACCOUNT OF
Example:
1. He could not come as / since / because he was ill.

2. He could not come because of his illness.

3. He failed in the examination as a result of his laziness /

his being lazy.
 Connectors of Effect / Result
1. SO / THEREFORE
2. CONSEQUENTLY / AS A CONSEQUENCE
3. AS A RESULT
4. THUS / IN THIS WAY
5. FOR THIS REASON / THAT IS WHY / FOR THIS

** In case of compound sentences, the connectors of result

will be:

1. AND SO / AND THEREFORE

Example:
1. He takes regular exercise. As a result / So, he is fit still
now.

2. He neglected his studies and so he cut a sorry figure in

the exam.
 Connectors of Aim

1. SO THAT / IN ORDER THAT

2. IN ORDER TO / TO / WITH A VIEW TO / FOR

Example:

1. He went abroad so that he could earn more.

2. He went abroad to / in order to earn more.

3. He went abroad with a view to earning more.

 Connectors of Condition
1. IF
2. UNLESS

1. PROVIDED
2. PROVIDED THAT
3. PROVIDING THAT

1. ONLY IF
2. EVEN IF

Extra:
1. OTHERWISE / OR
Example:
1. If you come, I shall go. / If you study, you will pass the
exam.
2. If you do not study, you will fail in the exam.
3. Unless you work hard, you can not shine in life.
4. You can enjoy good health provided that you eat
balanced diet.
5. Eat balanced diet; otherwise you can not enjoy good
health.
 Connectors of Contrast / Opposition

Used to connect two opposite sentences:

1. HOWEVER / YET

2. NEVERTHELESS / NONETHELESS

3. ON THE OTHER HAND / ON THE CONTRARY

4. BUT
 Connectors of Contrast / Opposition

Used to connect two clauses:

1. ALTHOUGH / THOUGH / EVEN THOUGH / DESPITE THE FACT

THAT

2. IN SPITE OF / DESPITE

3. BUT
Example:
1. He is rich. However, he is a miser.

2. He is a miser although he is rich

3. In spite of being rich, he is a miser.

4. He is rich but he is a miser.

Example:
5. Despite the fact that he could not do well in the
interview, he got the job.

6. He could not do well in the interview. But he got the job.

 Connectors of Sequence
1. FIRSTLY / AT FIRST / IN THE FIRST PLACE / INITIALLY /
PRIMARILY

2. SECONDLY.........THIRDLY.........

3. NEXT

4. AFTERWARDS / AFTER THAT / THEN

5. EVENTUALLY / LATER

6. BESIDES / MOREOVER / AGAIN

7. FINALLY / AT LAST / LASTLY

8. BEFORE THAT / BEFOREHAND

Example:
1. I maintain a well-planned daily routine. At first, I wake up
early and have a fresh bath. Secondly, I take my breakfast.
Thirdly, I sit for study. Next, I go to college and attend my
classes. Afterwards, returning home, I have my lunch and
take rest. Finally, I study for 3 hours and go to bed.
Example:
2. Trees are beneficial for us. At first, they give us wood
and food. Secondly, they provide us with paper, gum and
medicine. Besides, they give us oxygen. Finally, trees
maintain ecological balance.
 Connectors of Time
1. NOWADAYS / AT PRESENT / RECENTLY
2. IN THE MEAN TIME / MEANWHILE
3. AT THE SAME TIME
4. AS SOON AS
5. IMMEDIATELY AFTER / JUST AFTER
6. NO SOONER ……THAN / SCARCELY……WHEN /
HARDLY........WHEN
7. AT THAT MOMENT / AT THAT TIME
Example:
As soon as the teacher entered the classroom, the students
became silent. The teacher started his lecture. In the mean
time, Rayhan spoke to his friend loudly.
 Connectors of Exemplification

1. FOR EXAMPLE

2. FOR INSTANCE

3. AS AN EXAMPLE

4. AS AN INSTANCE

5. NAMELY

6. SUCH AS

7. LIKE
Example:
There are many big rivers in Bangladesh; such as /
for example / namely the Padma, the Meghna, the
Jamuna etc.
 Relative Pronouns

1. WHO

2. WHOM

3. WHICH / THAT

4. WHAT

5. WHOSE
Example:
1. I saw the man whom you are looking for.
2. This is the man who came here yesterday.
3. This is the pen which / that you lost yesterday.
4. At last, I found the dress which / that was my favourite
one.
5. I do not know what his name is.
6. Sayla is the girl whose father is a police officer.
 Relative Adverb

1. WHY
2. WHERE
3. WHEN
4. HOW
Example:
1. I don’t know where he has come from.

2. I don’t know when the train will come.

3. He knows well how he has done it.

4. Only she knows why she begs.

 Some Other Connectors

Order of importance / Emphasizing

• BASICALLY / PRIMARILY

• ABOVE ALL

• IN FACT / ACTUALLY / INDEED

Particularization
• IN PARTICULAR / PARTICULARLY / ESPECIALLY
 Explanation
• THAT IS TO SAY

• THAT IS

• IN OTHER WORDS

Dismissal
• ANYWAY / ANYHOW

Correction
• RATHER
 Conclusion
• IN CONCLUSION / TO SUM UP

• IN BRIEF / IN SHORT

Adverb of Time
• SINCE
Now fill in the following blanks with suitable connectors:

1. She has completed her graduation. ………, she has done a diploma course on
computer.
2. He is an expert in Mathematics; ………… he has proficiency in Physics.
3. He is ………. a chemist ……… a researcher.
4. Students are ……….. leader …….. torch-bearer of a nation.
5. I have interest in astronomy ……… astrology ………
6. ………… education develops our mind, it improves our morality.
7. She is clever ……..hardworking.
8. He is busy. ……….., he will not attend the meeting.
9. He is ill……..he won’t come today.
10. She suffered ………….her bad habits.
Now fill in the following blanks with suitable connectors:

11. I lost the game ………..my fault.

12. I have come here …….. I can meet my friends.
13. She works hard …….shine in life.
14. Study sincerely ……..making a good result.
15. You should work hard.…you will suffer in the long run.
16. He has been suffering from malaria. ……., he has been admitted to the hospital.
17. He is suffering …….his bad habit.
18. He got the lottery. …….he could not utilize it.
19. The man is weak ………hard-working.
20. I can help you …….you want.
21. I can’t help you …….you want.
22. You can recover …….you maintain the rules of good health.
Now fill in the following blanks with suitable connectors:

23. Bangladesh has many natural sites,…….Jaflong, the Sundarbans, Cox’s Bazar
etc.
24. It is getting dark now. So, it is not safe to stay here. ……you should go home.
25. He is kind, modest and helpful. ……,he is worthy of being a good friend.
26. Deforestation is a result of our ignorance. So we should overcome it, ………, we
should educate our people to stop deforestation.
27. We can learn English in different ways. ……,we can acquire a language.
……,we can watch film, read newspaper etc. ……,we can practise the language.
…….,we can communicate in different situations.
Practice Yourself & Match
 in addition, and , and also , likewise, moreover , similarly ,
neither, either , because , due to , in order to , as

1. In formal western situations men must wear a jacket and a tie;

____________ women must wear a skirt or a dress.
2. Emma Thompson was nominated for an Academy Award as both a
screenwriter __________ an actress in 1996 .
3. You can't teach navigation in the middle of a storm. _________ you
can not build a system of values in the current educational climate
4. Our energy bills have been increasing steadily. ___________to
these costs, our telephone costs have doubled over the past six
months.
5. Contestants perform on the stage "live" before the judges
_________ millions of television viewers.
 in addition, and , and also , likewise, moreover , similarly ,
neither, either , because , due to , in order to , as

6. His problems with his parents are extremely frustrating.

_________ , there seems to be no easy solution to them.
7. Talent shows on television are loved _____________ hated.
8. As a universal language , Esperanto has never really gained
widespread acceptance __________ its lack of native speakers .
9. Synthetic polymers may be _______________ thermoplastic or
thermosetting depending on the action.
 because , because of , because , consequently , as a consequence,
as/since

10. There was poor sanitation in the village. _________ she had
health problems.
11. She had health problems ______________ poor sanitation in the
village.
12. Schools for girls were built ; ____________ girls had a chance to
learn about health and life skills.
13. _____________ girls learned about health skills, they improved the
sanitation of their villages.
14. Many people would love to live in New York; ____________, life in
New York is very expensive
15. She visits the cafe ______________ she wants to check on her
employees.
 because , because of , because , consequently , as a consequence,
as/since

16. She needs a job ________________ she needs something to

occupy herself everyday.
17. We are confident _____________ we are getting your
overwhelming support
18. He lacks self-confidence. _____________ , he is unlikely to be
successful.
19. It was sunny ; _________________ , we had to wear sunscreen.
20. She visits the cafe _________________ she wants a bite to eat.
 Answers
1. In formal western situations men must wear a jacket and a tie;
similarly, women must wear a skirt or a dress.
2. Emma Thompson was nominated for an Academy Award as both a
screenwriter and an actress in 1996 .
3. You can't teach navigation in the middle of a storm. Likewise, you
can't build a system of values in the current educational climate
4. Our energy bills have been increasing steadily. In addition to these
costs, our telephone costs have doubled over the past six months.
5. Contestants perform on the stage "live" before the judges and
millions of television viewers.
6. His problems with his parents are extremely frustrating. Moreover,
there seems to be no easy solution to them.
7. Talent shows on television are loved and also hated.
8. As a universal language , Esperanto has never really gained
widespread acceptance due to its lack of native speakers .
9. Synthetic polymers may be either thermoplastic or thermosetting
depending on the action
10. There was poor sanitation in the village. As a
consequence, she had health problems.
11. She had health problems because of poor sanitation in the
village.
12. Schools for girls were built. Consequently, girls had a chance to
learn about health and life skills.
13. As girls learned about health skills, they improved the sanitation
of their villages.
14. Many people would love to live in New York; consequently, life
in New York is very expensive
15. She visits the cafe because she wants to check on her
employees.
16. She needs a job because she needs something to occupy herself
everyday.
17. We are confident as / since we are getting your overwhelming
support
18. He lacks self-confidence. As a consequence , he is unlikely to be
successful.
19. It was sunny ; consequently, we had to wear sunscreen.
20. She visits the cafe because she wants a bite to eat.
 TRY YOURSELF
21. Road conditions in the United States suffered a severe setback _____________ of the Civil War .
22. Life in the Sahara has many negative features including aridity and high temperatures but many
positive aspects _______________ .
23. The government has drastically reduced its spending. ___________ , a number of programs have
been canceled.
24. She was often cold _________ not having shoes, warm clothes or blankets.
25. Some graduates became valued business owners ; _____________ they were invited to serve on
business councils.
26. He reduced the amount of time studying for his final exams. __________ , his marks were rather low.
27. After graduation, the girls were more likely to start small businesses ___________ their
mathematical and accounting skills .
28. Food and drink prices in New York are very high; _______________ , renting an apartment is very
expensive.
29. We are concerned ________________ by the costs, but also by the competition.
30. I assured him that I would come to his presentation. ______________ , I also invited a number of
important representatives from the local chamber of commerce.
 Match the Answers
21. Road conditions in the United States suffered a severe setback as a result of the Civil War .
22. Life in the Sahara has many negative features including aridity and high temperatures but many
positive aspects as well .
23. The government has drastically reduced its spending. Therefore, a number of programs have been
canceled.
24. She was often cold due to not having shoes, warm clothes or blankets.
25. Some graduates became valued business owners; as a result they were invited to serve on business
councils.
26. He reduced the amount of time studying for his final exams. As a result, his marks were rather low.
27. After graduation, the girls were more likely to start small businesses on account of their
mathematical and accounting skills .
28. Food and drink prices in New York are very high; furthermore, renting an apartment is very
expensive.
29. We are concerned not only by the costs, but also by the competition 30. I assured him that I would
come to his presentation.
30. I assured him that I would come to his presentation. Furthermore, I also invited a number of important
representatives from the local chamber of commerce.
 Thank You
Zion’s Multimedia
Class
English Interface
ZION’S ENGLISH CLASS
Saturday, February 8, 2025