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as additional
teaching aid for teachers and students. Please this material should not be commercialized in any form without prior formal
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THIRD TERM: E – LEARNING NOTES

J S 3 (BASIC 9)

SUBJECT: MATHEMATICS

SCHEME OF WORK
WEEK TOPIC
1. Measures of Central Tendency: Revision of previous work on mean, median and
mode. Calculating the Median of a given data. Finding the Mode of given data.
Calculate the Mean of any given data.
2. Data Presentation: Pie chart, Bar chart, Histogram - Representation of
information on pie charts, Bar chart, etc.
3. Use of measures of Central Tendency to analyze information on drug abuse.
Meaning and importance of voting. Counting of votes. Analysis of voting using
measures of central tendency.
4-6. General Revision of Basic 7 – 9 works.
7. Mock BECE/JSCE.
8-12. Basic Education Certificate Examination (JSCE).

BASIC TEXT BOOKS:

1. New General Mathematics for Junior Secondary Schools Book 3. By M.F. Macrae
et al.
2. Exam Focus: Mathematics for JSCE – By Donatus Igbokwe et al
3. Funtional Mathematics for JSS Book 3. By T.M Asiru et al
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Schools. All financial obligations and commitment has been duly fulfilled by the school management. It is prohibited therefore to
commercialize this document in any form without prior formal discussion with the management.

WEEK 1:
TOPIC: MEASURES OF CENTRAL TENDENCY (REVISION)

CONTENT:

 Mean: The average score of a given data.

 Median: The score at the middle after rearranging either ascending or
descending order.
 Mode: The score with the highest frequency.

Examples:

1. Find the measures of central tendency of the data below.

8, 10, 13, 11, 7, 8, 2, 8, 6

Solution:

Mean:

To find the mean of the data above, you may not need to rearranged. Just add up the
data and divide by the total number they are.
8+10+13+11+7+8+2+8+6 73
Mean = = = 8.11
9 9
Median:
First rearrange the data either in ascending or descending order.

Ascending order: 2, 6, 7, 8, 8, 8, 10, 11, 13

Descending order: 13, 11, 10, 8, 8, 8, 7, 6, 2

𝑛+1 th
Using median position: ( )
2
Where 𝒏 is the number of data.
9+1 th 10
∴Median position = ( ) = =5th (Meaning that, the median is at the 5th
2 2
position). Count 5 from any of the ends.
Hence, the median = 8
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MODE:

Mode is the number or score that appears most, i.e, number or score with the highest
frequency.

Since ‘8’ appears most, hence, the mode is 8.

FURTHER EXAMPLES

Example 2:

The below table shows the age of under 18 youths caught taking Indian hemp by the
police at a T-junction near Olobeja with the following frequency of wrapped Indian
hemp found in their possession.

Age(yrs) 13 14 15 16 17
Frequency of wrapped Indian hemp 1 2 5 7 15

Find the: (i). mean (ii). median (iii). mode of the frequency of the wrapped Indian
hemp.

Solution:

Since the data are many, adding up the numbers and then divide by the total number
would take a lot of time. So, we need a frequency table.

Age Frequency Cum.freq 𝑓𝑥

(𝑥) (𝑓) (𝑐𝑓)
13 1 1 13
14 2 3 28
15 5 8 75
16 7 15 112
17 15 30 255
Ʃ𝑓 = 30 Ʃ𝑓𝑥 = 483
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The total sum of frequency must be the same with the last number in the cumulative
frequency column; i.e, 30.

MEAN
Ʃ𝑓𝑥 Ʃ𝑓𝑥 Ʃ𝑓𝑥 483
Mean = 𝑜𝑟 ∴ = = 16.1𝑦𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑠
Ʃ𝑓 𝑛 Ʃ𝑓 30

MEDIAN

First and foremost, let’s find the position of the median.

𝑛+1 th 30+1 31
Position = ( ) = = = 15.5th
2 2 2
We count ‘15.5th’ along the frequency column from any of the ends.

It lies in the age ‘16’. Hence, the median is 16yrs.

MODE

Check for the highest frequency along the frequency column.

It is ‘15’. Right?

What age has 15?

Hence, the mode is 17yrs

Example 3:

The marks of 20 students in a mathematics test score out of 10 are as follows:

5, 8, 6, 7, 4, 9, 5, 7, 7, 0, 2, 1, 3, 9, 8, 4, 6, 7, 8, 1

Prepare a frequency table for the distribution and find the measure of central
tendency.
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Solution:

Score Tally 𝑐𝑓 𝑓𝑥
(𝑥) 𝑓
0 1 / 1 0
1 2 // 3 2
2 1 / 4 2
3 1 / 5 3
4 2 // 7 8
5 2 // 9 10
6 2 // 11 12
7 4 //// 15 28
8 3 /// 18 24
9 2 // 20 18
Ʃ𝒇𝒙 =20 Ʃ𝒇𝒙 = 107

Ʃ𝑓𝑥 107
Mean = = = 5.35
Ʃ𝑓 20

MEDIAN
𝑛+1 th 20+1 21
position ( ) = = 10.5th position.
2 2 2

By counting 10.5th from any of the ends,

The median = 6.

MODE

The mode = 7.

WEEKEND ASSIGNMENT:
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teaching aid for teachers and students. Please this material should not be commercialized in any form without prior formal
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Functional Mathematics for JSS. Book3. Ex.12.1,pg 188 No. 3,6-10; Ex.12.3,pg 192 No.
5&6.

New General Mathematics for JSS Book3. Ex. 16b pg 156 No. 4-6

WEEK 2:
TOPIC: DATA PRESENTATION

CONTENT:
 Pie chart
 Bar chart
 Histogram
 Pictogram
 Bar line, etc

SUB TOPIC: REPRESENTATION OF INFORMATION ON PIE CHARTS.

A pie chart is a tool for data representation usually in the form of a circle and divided
into sectors such that the angle at the centre is proportional to the frequency
representing the item.

Example:
1. The table below shows the number of fruits sold in a day by a fruit seller.
Types of fruits Number
Apples 120
Bananas 150
Mangoes 120
Oranges 150
Pawpaws 50
Pineapples 130

Illustrate the information on a pie chart.

Solution:
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Total number of fruits = 120 + 150 + 120 + 150 + 50 + 130 = 720
We need to convert the fruits’ numbers to degrees ie the sectorial angles

120 360
For Apples: × = 600
720 1

150 360
For Bananas: × = 750
720 1

120 360
For Mangoes: × = 600
720 1

150 360
For Oranges: × = 750
720 1

50 360
For Pawpaws: × = 250
720 1

130 360
For Pineapples: × = 650
720 1

Pineapples Apples

650 600
Pawpaw 250
750 Bananas
750
Oranges 600

Mangoes

A pie chart showing the distribution of fruits

SUB TOPIC: REPRESENTATION OF INFORMATION ON BAR CHARTS.

A bar chart is a tool for data representation usually made up of rectangular bars of
different height conveying the proportion of the frequencies of items being
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teaching aid for teachers and students. Please this material should not be commercialized in any form without prior formal
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represented. They are simply blocks with equal spaces in between bars used to
represent data.

Example:

1. The following records represent the number of different motor cycles (Okada)
purchased in a year from one dealer:

Motor cycle No. of Purchases

Suzuki 50,000
Honda 80,000
Simba 30,000
Jincheng 35,000
Cargo 17,000

Prepare a bar chart to illustrate the information. How many motor cycles were
purchased?

×1000

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0
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teaching aid for teachers and students. Please this material should not be commercialized in any form without prior formal
engagement with school management. This material was developed for the use of teachers and students of the Goodwill Group of
Schools. All financial obligations and commitment has been duly fulfilled by the school management. It is prohibited therefore to
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Suzuki Honda Simba Jincheng Cargo Motor cycle

SUB TOPIC: REPRESENTATION OF INFORMATION ON HISTOGRAM.

A histogram is a tool for data representation usually made up of rectangular bars of

different height conveying the proportion of the frequencies of items being
represented without spaces in between bars.

Example:

The below table shows the number of students admitted in a University according to
departments.

Departments No. of Students

Microbiology 85
Physics 25
Mathematics 40
Chemistry 15
Biochemistry 20
Biology 105

Illustrate the information on a histogram.

Solution:
No. of Std

110

100

90

80

70
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teaching aid for teachers and students. Please this material should not be commercialized in any form without prior formal
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60

50

40

30

20

10

0
Microbio Phy Math Chem Bio chem Bio Departments

WEEKEND ASSIGNMENT:

Functional Mathematics for JSS Book3. Ex.13.2, pg 197 No. 3, 5,6,9,10

New General Mathematicss for JSS Book3 pg 153 No. 2-5

WEEK 3:

TOPIC: USE OF MEASURES OF CENTRAL TENDENCY

1. TO ANALYZE INFORMATION ON DRUG ABUSE.

The knowledge of measure of central tendency could help in analyzing the abuse
of drugs among students as well as the youth. Specifically, it will help in:
i. finding out the most drug used;
ii. finding out the least drug used;
iii. finding out the rate of drug abuse among the youth
iv. finding out how drugs are used among the youth and in the society at large.

Examples:
1. The following data represent the frequencies at which some senior secondary
students abuse drugs.
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teaching aid for teachers and students. Please this material should not be commercialized in any form without prior formal
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Schools. All financial obligations and commitment has been duly fulfilled by the school management. It is prohibited therefore to
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a). 33, 5, 8, 8, 10, 10, 10, 13, 15.
b). 4, 8, 9, 10, 13, 13, 15, 16, 16.
Find the mode for the drug abuse. What is its significant?

Solution:
a). The highest occurring score is 10. So, the mode for the first set of data is 10.
b). The second set of data is bimodal; i.e, it has two modes for drug abuse, 13
and 16.
The

2. The table below shows the rate at which some teenagers abuse drugs:
Name Ade Uche Adamu Bako Binta
Frequency 12 13 15 13 12

Find the mode for the drug abuse.

Solution:
Adamu consumes 15 times which is more than the rest of the people. So, Adamu
is the mode for this set of data.

3. The following data shows the ages of some youths that take drugs:
23yrs, 19yrs, 18yrs, 30yrs
15yrs, 21yrs, 19yrs, 24yrs
25yrs, 31yrs, 17yrs, 20yrs
a). Find the median ages of the youths that take drugs.
b). Find the mean age of the youth.

Solution:
a). Rearrange in either ascending or descending order.
15yrs, 17yrs, 18yrs, 19yrs, 19yrs, 20yrs, 21yrs, 23yrs, 24yrs, 25yrs, 30yrs, 31yrs.
Counting from left or right, 20yrs and 21yrs are at the middle.
20+21 41 1
Thus, median age 𝑦𝑟𝑠 = 𝑦𝑟𝑠 = 20 𝑦𝑟𝑠 𝑜𝑟 20.5𝑦𝑟𝑠.
2 2 2

Alternatively,
𝑛+1 12+1 13
Using median position: ( )th = = = 6.5th position.
2 2 2
th
Now, count ‘6.5 ‘ from any of the ends.
Median age =20.5yrs
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b). The mean age is the addition of all the ages divided by the number they are.
i.e, (15+17+18+19+19+20+21+23+24+25+30+31)/12 = 262/12 = 21.8yrs.

MEANING AND IMPORTANCE OF VOTING.

VOTING is a usually formal expression of opinion or will in response to a proposed

decision; especially one given as an indication of approval or disapproval of a proposal,
motion, or candidate for office. It is a fundamental right for every citizen of a country
in a civilized and democratic nation.

THE IMPORTANCE OF VOTING AND COUNTING OF VOTES include:

i. It is a tool for selecting representatives in modern democracies.
ii. It teaches about one’s obligation as a citizen of a country to be voted for or to vote
in order to elect a leader in a free and fair manner without fear or favour.
iii. It helps to detest favouritism, arrogance and tyrannism (act of using power over
someone cruelly or unfairly).
iv. It helps to give room for true representation through the majority.

2. ANALYSIS OF VOTING USING MEASURES OF CENTRAL TENDENCY

We can analyse voting using the measures of central tendency, which are:
 Mean
 Median and
 Mode.

Example:
The following figures represent the number of voters that voted from 2003 to 2008.
YEAR NO. OF VOTERS
2003 89,000
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2004 101,000
2005 115,000
2006 131,000
2007 151,000
2008 96,000

a). What is the total number of voters?

b). Find the mean of the voters.
c). In what year did the people vote most?
d). In what year did the people vote least?
e). How many people voted in years 2003 and 2004?

Solution:
a). Total number of voters = (89000 + 101000 + 115000 + 131000 + 151000 +
96000) = 683000.
683000
b). Mean = = 114000 𝑣𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑠.
6
c). Year 2007
d). Year 2003.
e). Number of voters in 2003 and 2004= 89000 + 101000 = 190000 𝑣𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑠.

EVALUTION:
The total votes cast at different centres are as follows:
5000, 7000, 9000, 10000, 12000, 17000, 18000, 15000, 9000, 18000.
Find a. the mean of the votes cast.
b. the median of the votes cast.
c. the mode of the votes cast.

WEEKEND ASSIGNMENT:
Functional Mathematics for JSS Book3: Ex.12.3, pg 192 No. 3-6.

WEEKEND READING:
Functional Mathematics for JSS Book3: pg 186 – 213.

NOTE: Teachers should use the Nelson Functional Mathematics for JSS WorkBook3
during the weekend study.

WEEK 4 -6

TOPIC: GENERAL REVISION OF BASIC 7 – 9 WORKS.

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teaching aid for teachers and students. Please this material should not be commercialized in any form without prior formal
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commercialize this document in any form without prior formal discussion with the management.

NOTE: Teachers should ensure comprhensive revision of Basic 7 to 9 works is done

with the students using past questions of Federal and State JSSCE.

WEEK 7: MOCK BECE/JSSCE

WEEK 8 -12: BASIC EDUCATION CERTIFICATE EXAMINATION (JSCE).