Engineering Drawing

- Er. Narayan Puri

 Syllabus
Chapter 10: Project Planning, Design and
Implementation

10.1 Engineering drawings and its concepts:

Fundamentals of standard drawing sheets,
dimensions, scale, line diagram, orthographic
projection, isometric projection/view, pictorial
views, and sectional drawing.
Standard drawing sheet
 Area of A0 sheet = 1
sq. m
 Ratio of length of
longer to shorter
side = 2: 1
 From A0 to A4, the
area of successive
sheet reduces by
half
Q. The area occupied by A0 sheet is ……… times
the area occupied by A4 sheet

a) 2 b) 4

c) 8 d) 16
 System of Dimensioning
Aligned System Unidirectional System
 Dimensions are  Dimensions are
aligned with the placed in such a
entity being way that they can
measured
be read from the
 Dimensions are bottom edge of
placed in such a way drawing sheet only
that they can be
read from the  Dimensions are
bottom or right side inserted by
of drawing sheet breaking the
 Dimensions are dimension lines at
placed at the middle the middle
and on the top of
dimension lines  Used for detail
 Commonly used in dimensioning of
engineering drawing machinery parts
Q. In case of aligned method of dimensioning,
dimensions are readable from

a) bottom and right side b) bottom and left side of

of drawing sheet drawing sheet

c) bottom and top side of

d) all of the above
drawing sheet
Q. In case of unidirectional method of dimensioning,
dimensions are readable from

a) bottom side of b) right side of drawing

drawing sheet only sheet only

c) top side of drawing d) left side of drawing

sheet only sheet only
 Scales
A scale is defined as the ratio of the linear dimensions of the object as represented to the
actual dimensions of the element of the object itself
The proportion by which we either reduce or increase the actual size of the object on a
drawing is known as scale
Full size scale:
If the actual size of an object is drawn, then the scaled is called full size scale. Its proportion is
denoted by 1:1
Reducing scale:
If the actual size of an object is reduced by some proportion in the drawing, then the scale is
called reducing scale. Eg. 1:2, 1:5
Enlarging scale:
If the actual size of an object is increased by some proportion in the drawing, then the scale is
called enlarging scale. Eg. 2:1, 5:1
Representative Fraction (R.F.):
 The ratio of the length of the drawing to the actual length of the object is called
representative fraction
 Unit should be same in numerator and denominator
 R.F. is unitless
 Q. A machine part is drawn two times with different
scales. The ratio of 1st drawing’s R.F. to 2nd drawing’s
R.F. with respect to the actual object is found to be 2.
The length of the second drawing is 10 mm. Find the
1st drawing length

a) 5 mm b) 5 cm

c) 2 mm d) 2 cm
𝟏𝐬𝐭 𝐝𝐫𝐚𝐰𝐢𝐧𝐠 ′ 𝐬 𝐑.𝐅.
=𝟐
𝟐𝐧𝐝 𝐝𝐫𝐚𝐰𝐢𝐧𝐠 ′ 𝐬 𝐑.𝐅.

𝐥𝐞𝐧𝐠𝐡𝐭 𝐨𝐟 𝐟𝐢𝐫𝐬𝐭 𝐝𝐫𝐚𝐰𝐢𝐧𝐠

𝐚𝐜𝐭𝐮𝐚𝐥 𝐥𝐞𝐧𝐠𝐭𝐡
𝐥𝐞𝐧𝐠𝐭𝐡 𝐨𝐟 𝐬𝐞𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐝 𝐝𝐫𝐚𝐰𝐢𝐧𝐠 =𝟐
𝐚𝐜𝐭𝐮𝐚𝐥 𝐥𝐞𝐧𝐠𝐭𝐡

𝐥𝐞𝐧𝐠𝐭𝐡 𝐨𝐟 𝐟𝐢𝐫𝐬𝐭 𝐝𝐫𝐚𝐰𝐢𝐧𝐠

=𝟐
𝐥𝐞𝐧𝐠𝐭𝐡 𝐨𝐟 𝐬𝐞𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐝 𝐝𝐫𝐚𝐰𝐢𝐧𝐠

𝐥𝐞𝐧𝐠𝐭𝐡 𝐨𝐟 𝐟𝐢𝐫𝐬𝐭 𝐝𝐫𝐚𝐰𝐢𝐧𝐠

=𝟐
𝟏𝟎

𝐥𝐞𝐧𝐠𝐭𝐡 𝐨𝐟 𝐟𝐢𝐫𝐬𝐭 𝐝𝐫𝐚𝐰𝐢𝐧𝐠 = 𝟐𝟎 𝐦𝐦 = 𝟐 𝐜𝐦

 Q. If a rectangular shape land of actual size 30m ×
50m is drawn by a rectangular of size 15mm × 25mm,
the R.F. is equal to

a) 1 : 2000 b) 1 : 200

c) 1 : 2500 d) 1 : 250
Q. A map of 10cm × 8cm represents an area of 50000
square meter. The R.F. of the scale is

a) 1/25 b) 1/625

c) 1/2500 d) 1/6250000
 𝒅𝒓𝒂𝒘𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝒂𝒓𝒆𝒂 𝟎. 𝟏 × 𝟎. 𝟎𝟖 𝟏 𝟏
𝑹. 𝑭. = = = =
𝒂𝒄𝒕𝒖𝒂𝒍 𝒂𝒓𝒆𝒂 𝟓𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝟔𝟐𝟓𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝟐𝟓𝟎𝟎
 Projection
Projection

Parallel Perspective

One point
Orthographic Oblique
Two point

Multi-view Axonometric Cavalier Cabinet Three point

Isometric Dimetric Trimetric

Receding dimension is
half of original
dimension

Receding dimension is
of original dimension
Q. In oblique projection, projectors from an
object are …….. to each other and…… to the
plane of projection

a) inclined, perpendicular b) parallel, inclined

c) parallel, perpendicular d) inclined, parallel

 Q. One plane projection is

a) axonometric projection b) oblique projection

c) both (a) and (b) above d) none of the above

Q. Axonometric projection is a special type of

a) orthographic projection b) perspective projection

c) isometric projection d) multi view projection

Q. The ratio of isometric length to the actual
length is

2 3
a) b)
3 2

2 3
c) d)
3 2
Q. In first angle orthographic projection, the right
hand side view of an object is drawn

a) above the elevation b) below the elevation

c) left of the elevation d) right of the elevation

 Placement of views in orthographic projection

First angle orthographic projection Third angle orthographic projection

Q. The angle between isometric axes is

a) 30° b) 60°

c) 90° d) 120°
Q. When a sphere is cut by a plane, the surface formed
is

a) ellipse b) parabola

c) hyperbola d) circle
 Q. The solid which is generated by the revolution of a
rectangle about one of its sides which remains fixed is
called

a) prism b) pyramid

c) cylinder d) cone
Q. The solid which is generated by the revolution of a
right angled triangle about one of its perpendicular
sides which remains fixed is called

a) prism b) pyramid

c) cylinder d) cone
Q. What type of view is used to provide clarity and
interior features of a part?

a) section view b) oblique view

c) auxiliary view d) pictorial view

 Q. In an isometric sketch of a cube

b) The receding axes are

a) The frontal face
at 45 degrees to the
appears in its true shape
horizontal

c) All faces are equally d) Only the depth must

distorted be reduced
Q. In orthographic projection, each projection view
represents how many dimensions of an object?

a) 1 b) 2

c) 3 d) 0
Q. The point, from which the observer is assumed to
view the object, is called

a) center of projection b) point of projection

c) point of observer d) view point

Q. The top view of an object is shown on which plane?

a) profile plane b) horizontal plane

c) vertical plane d) parallel plane

Q. The minimum number of orthographic view
required to represent a solid on flat surface is

a) 1 b) 2

c) 3 d) 4
Q. In first angle projection, the ……. lies between .......
and …….

a) object, projection b) Projection plane,

plane, observer object, observer

c) observer, object,
d) all of the above
projection plane
Q. In third angle projection, the ……. lies between .......
and …….

a) object, projection b) Projection plane,

plane, observer object, observer

c) observer, object,
d) all of the above
projection plane
Q. A regular cone is rested on base on horizontal
plane, the front view will be

a) circle b) scalene triangle

c) equilateral triangle d) isosceles triangle

Q. A regular cone is rested on base on horizontal
plane, the top view will be

a) circle b) scalene triangle

c) equilateral triangle d) isosceles triangle

Q. Perspective projection is used to represent

a) real exact size of b) real exact shape of

object object

c) natural view of the

d) all of the above
object
Q. Hatching line is a line which makes an angle of 45°
with

a) horizontal b) vertical

c) main line of the

d) all of the above
section
Q. A circle will appear on an isometric drawing as

a) ellipse b) cycloid

c) circle d) parabola
Q. The length to width ratio of an arrow head is

a) 1:1 b) 2:1

c) 3:1 d) 4:1
Q. If a lamina is parallel to the HP, then it will be ………
to the VP

a) parallel b) perpendicular

d) Both (a) and (b) of

c) inclined
above
Q. If a lamina is perpendicular to the HP, then its top
view will be a

a) point b) straight line

c) polygon d) circle
Q. If a line is perpendicular to the HP, then its top view
will be a

a) point b) straight line

c) polygon d) circle
Q. If a line is perpendicular to the HP, then its front
view will be a

a) point b) straight line

c) polygon d) circle