SEMESTER SYSTEM COURSE STRUCTURE

FOR

M. SC. COURSE IN MATHEMATICS

(PURE AND APPLIED STREAMS)

Under Choice Based Credit System (CBCS)

Effective from the session 2023-25

DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS
DIRECTORATE OF OPEN AND DISTANCE LEARNING
UNIVERSITY OF KALYANI
NADIA, WEST BENGAL
 M.SC. IN MATHEMATICS
(PURE AND APPLIED STREAMS)
TOTAL CREDITS: 100, FULL MARKS: 1600

COMMON ABBREVIATIONS

COR: Core Course; AECC: Ability Enhancement Compulsory Course;

GEC: Generic Elective Course; SEC: Skill Enhancement Course; DSE: Discipline Specific Elective
SEE: Semester End Examination; IA: Internal Assessment

COURSE OUTLINE
SEMESTER I
TOTAL CREDITS: 26; DURATION: 6 Months;
LEARNER STUDY HOURS: 180 × 4 + 60 = 780 Hours
(Counselling + Self Study + Assignments = 78 + 657 + 45)

TOT COUNSELLI
Course Stream Topics SEE IA CREDITS
AL NG HOURS
 Real Analysis I  25 7
COR
 Complex Analysis I  30 6 100 18 6
1.1
 Functional Analysis I  25 7
 Ordinary Differential
COMMON
COR Equations  40  10
TO BOTH 100 18 6
1.2
STREAMS  Partial Differential  40  10
Equations
 Potential Theory  30 6
COR
 Abstract Algebra I  25 7 100 18 6
1.3
 Operations Research I  25 7
 Mechanics of Solids  40  10
APPLIED
 Non-linear Dynamics  40  10
DSE 1.4 100 18 6
 Differential Geometry I  40  10
PURE
 Topology I  40  10
AECC Computer Programming in C
COMMON 40 10 50 6 2
1.5 (Theory)
Total 360 90 450 78 26

SEMESTER II
TOTAL CREDITS: 26; DURATION: 6 Months;
LEARNER STUDY HOURS: 180 × 3 + 120 × 2 = 780 Hours
(Counselling + Self Study + Assignments = 78 + 657 + 45)

COUNSELLIN
Course Stream Topics SEE IA TOTAL CREDITS
G HOURS
 Real Analysis II  25 7
COR 2.1 COMMON  Complex Analysis II  25 7 100 18 6
TO BOTH  Functional Analysis II  30 6
STREAMS  Classical Mechanics  25 7
COR 2.2 100 18 6
 Abstract Algebra II  25 7
  Operations Research II  30 6
COR 2.3  Numerical Analysis  40  10 50 12 4
 Mechanics of Fluids  50  10
APPLIED
 Stochastic Processes  30  10
DSE 2.4 100 18 6
 Differential Geometry II  40  10
PURE
 Topology II  40  10
OTHER  Operations Research
 20 5
GEC 2.5 DEPARTM  Matrices and Linear 50 12 4
ENTS  20 5
Algebra
Total 320 80 400 78 26

SEMESTER III
TOTAL CREDITS: 22; DURATION: 6 Months;
LEARNER STUDY HOURS: 180 × 3 = 540 Hours
(Counselling + Self Study + Assignments =54 + 451 + 35)
Practical: 120 Hours

IA COUNSELLIN
Course Stream Topics SEE TOTAL CREDITS
G HOURS
 Linear Algebra
 30  10
 Special Functions
COR 3.1  20 5 100 18 6
COMMON  Integral Equations and
 30 5
TO BOTH Integral Transforms

STREAMS Calculus of ℝ𝑛  40  10
COR 3.2  Fuzzy Set Theory  20 5 100 18 6

Calculus of Variations  20 5
 Modelling of Biological
 40  10
APPLIED Systems
 40  10
DSE 3.3  Dynamical Systems 100 18 6
 Operator Theory  40  10
PURE
 Measure Theory  40  10
COMMON
 Computer Programming in
SEC 3.4 TO BOTH - 50 120 4
C (Practical)
STREAMS
Total 240 60 350 174 22

Marks Distribution for SEC 3.4 is as follows:

1. Practical Notebook – 10 marks;

2. Examination – 30 marks;
3. Viva-voce – 10 marks.

SEMESTER IV
TOTAL CREDITS: 26; DURATION: 6 Months;
LEARNER STUDY HOURS: 180 × 3 + 240 = 780 Hours
(Counselling + Self Study + Assignments = 72 + 672 + 30)

SEE IA COUNSELLIN
Course Stream Topics TOTAL CREDITS
(80) (20) G HOURS
 COMMON  Discrete Mathematics
 50  10
COR 4.1 TO BOTH  Probability and Statistical 100 18 6
STREAMS  30  10
Methods
TO BE
DSE4.2 Optional Course** 80 20 100 18 6
OPTED
TO BE
DSE 4.3 Optional Course** 80 20 100 18 6
OPTED
COMMON
PROJEC Project Notebook + Seminar
TO BOTH 50+30+20 100 24 8
T 4.4 Presentation + Viva-voce
STREAMS
Total 400 78 26

Examination related course criteria (Project Work)

1. Each student has to carry out a project work under the supervision of teacher(s) of the
Department and on the basis of her/his subject interest in the advanced topics of
Mathematics (subject to the availability of teacher). The same is to be submitted to the
Department after getting it countersigned by the concerned teacher(s) and prior to the
commencement of Viva-Voce.
2. All Project related record shall be maintained by the Department.
3. Seminar presentation and Viva–Voce Examination shall be conducted by the Department.

**The list of Optional courses is furnished as follows and will be offered according to the
availability of teachers.

Applied Stream Pure Stream

Advanced Operations Research I*** Advanced Operations Research I***
Advanced Operations Research –II*** Advanced Operations Research –II***
Fuzzy Sets and Systems*** Fuzzy Sets and Systems***
Advanced Solid Mechanics Advanced Real Analysis
Advanced Fluid Mechanics Advanced Complex Analysis I
Computational Fluid Mechanics Advanced Complex Analysis II
Magneto-Fluid Mechanics Advanced Functional Analysis
Plasma Physics Abstract Harmonic Analysis
Mathematics of Finance & Insurance Advanced General Topology
Seismology Advanced Algebraic Topology
Computational Biology Advanced Algebra I
Mathematical Biology Advanced Algebra II
Dynamical Oceanography Advanced Differential Geometry I
Applied Functional Analysis Advanced Differential Geometry II
Advanced Numerical Analysis Functional Analysis and its Applications to
(Theory and Practical) PDEs
Compressible Fluid Dynamics Ergodic Theory & Topological Dynamics
Advanced Partial Differential Equations

***The syllabi for the optional courses on Advanced Operations Research I, Advanced
Operations Research II and Fuzzy Sets and Systems are common to both the Pure and Applied
Streams.
 Semester I
COR 1.1
Marks: 100; Credits: 6
Unit Topic Counselling
Duration

Block I: Real Analysis I; Marks 32 (SEE: 25; IA: 07)

1 Cardinal number : Definition, Schröder-Bernstein theorem,

Order relation of cardinal numbers, Arithmetic of cardinal 54 Mins
numbers, Continuum hypothesis
2 Cantor’s set : Construction and its presentation as an 54 Mins
uncountable set of measure zero
3 Functions of bounded variation : Definition and basic 54 Mins
properties, Lipschitz condition, Jordan decomposition,
4 Nature of points of discontinuity, Nature of points of non- 54 Mins
differentiability, Convergence in variation (Helly’s First
theorem)
5 Absolutely continuous functions : Definition and basic 54 Mins
properties, Deduction of the class of all absolutely
continuous functions as a proper subclass of all functions of
bounded variation,
6 Characterization of an absolutely continuous function in 54 Mins
terms of its derivative vanishing almost everywhere
7 Riemann-Stieltjes integral : Existence and basic properties, 54 Mins
Integration by parts, Integration of a continuous function
with respect to a step function,
8 Convergence theorems in respect of integrand, convergence 54 Mins
theorem in respect of integrator (Helly’s Second theorem)
9 Gauge partition : Definition of a delta-fine tagged partition 54 Mins
and its existence, Lebesgue’s criterion for Riemann
integrability,
10 Delta-fine free tagged partition and an equivalent definition 54 Mins
of the Riemann integral

Block II: Complex Analysis I; Marks 36 (SEE: 30; IA: 06)

11 Riemann’s sphere, point at infinity and the extended 54 Mins
complex plane
12 Functions of a complex variable, limit and continuity. 54 Mins
Analytic functions, Cauchy-Riemann equations
13 Complex integration. Cauchy’s fundamental theorem 54 Mins
(statement only) and its consequences. Cauchy’s integral
formula. Derivative of an analytic function
14 Morera’s theorem, Cauchy’s inequality, Liouville’s theorem, 54 Mins
Fundamental theorem of classical algebra
 15 Uniformly convergent series of analytic functions. Power 54 Mins
series. Taylor’s theorem. Laurent’s theorem

Block III: Functional Analysis I; Marks 32 (SEE: 25; IA: 07)

16 Metric spaces. Brief discussions of continuity, completeness, 54 Mins
compactness. Hölder’s and Minkowski’s inequalities
(statement only)
17 Baire’s (category) theorem. The spaces and. Banach’s fixed 54 Mins
point theorem
18 Applications to solutions of certain systems of linear 54 Mins
algebraic equations, Fredholm’s integral equation of the
second kind, implicit function theorem. Kannan’s fixed point
theorem
19 Real and Complex linear spaces. Normed induced metric. 54 Mins
Banach spaces, Riesz’s lemma
20 Finite dimensional normed linear spaces and subspaces, 54 Mins
completeness, compactness criterion, equivalent norms
Total 18 Hours

References:

Block I:

I. P. Natanson: Theory of Integrals of a Real Variable (Vol. I and II).

2. B. K. Lahiri and K. C. Ray: Real Analysis.
3. W. Rudin: Principles of Mathematical Analysis.
4. A. G. Das: The Generalized Riemann Integral.
5. G. Das: Theory of Integration – The Riemann, Lebesgue and Henstock-Kurzweil Integrals.
6. W. Sierpinsky: Cardinal Number and Ordinal Number.
7. H. L. Royden: Real Analysis

Block II:

1. A. I. Markushevich: Theory of Functions of a Complex Variable (Vol. I, II and III).

2. R. V. Churchill and J. W. Brown: Complex Variables and Applications.
3. E. C. Titchmarsh: The Theory of Functions.
4. E. T. Copson: An Introduction to the Theory of Functions of a Complex Variable.
5. J. B. Conway: Functions of One Complex Variable.
6. L. V. Ahlfors: Complex Analysis.
7. H. S. Kasana: Complex Variables – Theory and Applications.
8. S. Narayan and P. K. Mittal: Theory of Functions of a Complex Variable.
9. A. K. Mukhopadhyay: Functions of Complex Variables and Conformal Transformation.
10. J. M. Howi: Complex Analysis.
11. S. Ponnusamy: Foundation of Complex Analysis.
12. H. A Priestly: Introduction to Complex Analysis, Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1990.
13. E. M. Stein and R. Shakrachi: Complex Analysis, Princeton University Press.

Block III:
1. E. Kreyszig: Introductory Functional Analysis with Applications.
2. W. Rudin: Functional Analysis.
3. N. Dunford and L. Schwart:Linear Operators ( Part I).
4. A. E. Taylor: Introduction to Functional Analysis.
5. B. V. Limaye: Functional Analysis.
6. K. Yoshida: Functional Analysis.
7. B. K. Lahiri: Elements of Functional Analysis.

COR 1.2
Marks: 100; Credits: 6
Unit Topic Counselling
Duration

Block I: Ordinary Differential Equations; Marks 50 (SEE: 40; IA: 10)

1 Existence of solutions: Picard’s Existence theorem for

equation dy / dx = f(x,y), Gronwall’s lemma, Picard- 54 Mins
Lindelöf method of successive approximations.
2 Solutions of linear differential equations of nth order. 54 Mins
Wronskian, Abel’s identity.
3 Linear dependence and independence of the solution set, 54 Mins
Fundamental set of solutions.
4 Green’s function for boundary value problem and solution of 54 Mins
non-homogenous linear equations.
5 Adjoint and self-adjoint equations. Lagrange’s identity. 54 Mins
6 Sturm’s separation and comparison theorems for second 54 Mins
order linear equations. Regular Sturm-Liouville problems for
second order linear equations.
7 Eigen values and eigen functions, expansion in eigen 54 Mins
functions.
8 Solution of linear ordinary differential equations of second 54 Mins
order in complex domain.
9 Existence of solutions near an ordinary point and a regular 54 Mins
singular point.
10 Solutions of Hyper geometric equation and Hermite 54 Mins
equation, Introduction to special functions.

Block II: Partial Differential Equations; Marks 50 (SEE: 40; IA: 10)
11 Introduction and pre-requisite, Genesis and types of 54 Mins
solutions of Partial Differential Equations.
12 First order Partial Differential Equations, Classifications of 54 Mins
First Order Partial Differential Equations. Charpit’s Method
for the solution of First Order non-linear Partial Differential
Equation.
13 Linear Partial Differential Equations of second and higher 54 Mins
 order, Linear Partial Differential Equation with constant
coefficient, Solution of homogeneous irreducible Partial
Differential Equations
14 Method of separation of variables, Particular integral for 54 Mins
irreducible non-homogeneous equations
15 Linear partial Differential equation with variable 54 Mins
coefficients, Cannonical forms, Classificatin of second order
partial differential equations, Canonical transformation of
linear second order partial differential equations
16 Parabolic equation, Initial and boundary conditions, Heat 54 Mins
equation under Dirichlet’s Condition, Solution of Heat
equation under Dirichlet’s Condition ,
17 Solution of Heat equation under Neuman Condition, 54 Mins
Solution of Parabolic equation under non-homogeneous
boundary condition
18 Hyperbolic equation, occurrence of wave equations, in 54 Mins
Mathematical Physics, Initial and boundary conditions,
Initial value problem
19 D’ Alembert’s solutions, vibration of a sting of finite length, 54 Mins
Initial value problem for a non-homogeneous wave equation
20 Elliptic equations, Gauss Divergence Theorem, Green’s 54 Mins
identities, Harmonic functions, Laplace equation in
cylindrical and spherical polar coordinates, Dirichlet’s
Problem, Neumann Problem
Total 18 Hours

References:

Block I:
1. G. F. Simmons: Differential Equations.
2. E. E. Coddington and N. Levinson: Theory of Ordinary Differential Equations.
3. M. Birkhoff and G. C. Rota: Ordinary Differential Equations.
4. M.D. Raisinghania: Advanced Differential Equations.
5. E. L. Ince: Ordinary Differential Equations

Block II:

1. A. K. Nandakumaran and P. S. Datti: Partial Differential equations, Cambridge University

Press, 2020.
2. L. C. Evans: Partial Differential equations, Vol 19, AMS.
3. G. Evans: Analytic methods for partial differential equations, Springer, 2001.
4. Phoolan Prasad and RenukaRavindran: Partial differential Equations, New Age Int., 2011.
5. T. Amaranath: An elementary course in partial differential equations, Narosa, 2014.
6. K. Sankara, Rao: Introduction to partial differential equations, PHI, 2015.
7. I. N. Sneddon: Elements of partial differential equations, Mc Grew Hill, New York, 1957.
8. Robert C. McOwen: Partial differential equations, Pentice hall, 2013.
 COR 1.3
Marks: 100; Credits: 6

Unit Topic Counselling

Duration

Block I: Potential Theory; Marks 36 (SEE: 30; IA: 06)

1 Concept of potential and attraction for line, surface and volume

distributions of matter. 54 Mins
2 Laplace’s equation, problems of attraction and potential for 54 Mins
simple distribution of matter
3 Existence and continuity of first and second derivatives of 54 Mins
potential within matter. Poisson’s equation, work done by
mutual attraction, problems
4 Integral theorem of potential theory (statement only) Green’s 54 Mins
identities, Gauss’ average value theorem,
5 Continuity of potential and discontinuity of normal derivative 54 Mins
of potential for a surface distribution, potential for a single and
double layer, Discontinuity of potential
6 Boundary value problems of potential theory. Green’s function, 54 Mins
solution of Dirichlet’s problem for a half-space
7 Solid and surface spherical harmonics 54 Mins

Block II: Abstract Algebra I; Marks 32 (SEE: 25; IA: 07)

8 Preliminaries: Review of earlier related concepts-Groups and 54 Mins

their simple properties
9 Class equations on groups and related theories: Conjugacy 54 Mins
class equations, Cauchy’s
theorem,
10 p-Groups, Sylow theorems and their applications, simple 54 Mins
groups
11 Direct Product on groups: Definitions, discussion on detailed 54 Mins
theories with applications
12 Solvable groups: Related definitions and characterization 54 Mins
theorems, examples
13 Group action: Definition and relevant theories with 54 Mins
applications

Block III: Operations Research–I; Marks 32 (SEE: 25; IA: 07)

14 Extension of Linear Programming Methods : Theory of 54 Mins

Revised Simplex Method and algorithmic solution approaches
to linear programs
15 Dual-Simplex Method, Decomposition principle and its use to 54 Mins
 linear programs for decentralized planning problems
16 Integer Programming (IP) : The concept of cutting plane 54 Mins
for linear integer programs, Gomory’s cutting plane method
17 Gomory’s All-Integer Programming Method, Branch-and- 54 Mins
Bound Algorithm for general integer programs
18 Sequencing Models : The mathematical aspects of Job 54 Mins
sequencing and processing problems, Processing n jobs
through Two machines, processing n jobs through m
machines
19 Nonlinear Programming (NLP) : Convex analysis, 54 Mins
Necessary and Sufficient optimality conditions, Cauchy’s
Steepest descent method,
20 Karush-Kuhn-Tucker (KKT) theory of NLP, Wolfe’s and 54 Mins
Beale’s approaches to Quadratic Programs
Total 18 Hours

References:

Block I:

1. O. D. Kellog: Theory of Potential.

2. P. K. Ghosh: Theory of Potential.
3. A. S Ramsey: Newtonian Attraction.
4. T. M. Macrobert: Spherical Harmonics.

Block II:

1. M.K. Sen, S. Ghosh and P. Mukhopadhyay: Abstract Algebra, University Press.

2. Luthar&Passi: Algebra (Vol. 1).
3. John B. Fraleigh: A First Course in Abstract Algebra, 7th Ed., Pearson, 2002.
4. D. S. Dummit, R. M. Foote: Abstract Algebra, 2nd edition, Wiley Student edition.
5. J. A. Gallian: Contemporary Abstract Algebra, 4th Ed., Narosa Publishing House, 1999.
6. I. N. Herstein, Topics in Algebra: Wiley Eastern Ltd. New Delhi, 1975.
7. T. W. Hungerford: Algebra, Springer, 1980.
8. Joseph J. Rotman: An introduction to the theory of groups, Springer-Verlag, 1990.
9. M. Artin: Abstract Algebra, 2nd Ed., Pearson, 2011.
10. Malik, Mordeson and Sen: Fundamentals of Abstract Algebra, McGraw-Hill, 1997.
11. S. Lang: Algebra (2nd ed.), Addition-Wesley.
12. M. R. Adhikari and Abhishek Adhikari: Groups, Rings and Modules with Applications.
13. N. Jacobson: Lecturers in Abstract Algebra.

Block III:

1. Linear Programming – G. Hadley.

2. Mathematical Programming Techniques – N. S.Kambo.
3. Nonlinear and Dynamic Programming – G. Hadley.
4. Operations Research – K. Swarup, P. K. Gupta and Man Mohan.
5. Operations Research – H. A. Taha.
6. Operations Research – S. D. Sharma.
7. Introduction to Operations Research – A. Frederick, F. S. Hillier and G. J. Lieberman.
8. Optimization: Theory and Applications – S. S. Rao.
9. Nonlinear and Mixed-Integer Optimization – Christodoulos A. Floudas.
 DSE 1.4 (Applied Stream)
Marks: 100; Credits: 6
Unit Topic Counselling
Duration

Block I: Mechanics of Solids; Marks 50 (SEE: 40; IA: 10)

1 Brief discussion of tensor transformation, symmetric tensor,

alternating tensor. Analysis of strain, Normal strain, shearing 54 Mins
strain and their geometrical interpretations
2 Strain quadratic of Cauchy, Principal strains, Invariants, Saint- 54 Mins
Venant’s equations of compatibility, equivalence of Eulerian
and Lagrangian components of strain in infinitesimal
deformation
3 Analysis of stress, stress tensor, Equations of equilibrium and 54 Mins
motion. Stress quadric of Cauchy. Principal stress and
invariants, strain energy function
4 Graphical representation of elastic deformation. Equations of 54 Mins
elasticity. Generalized Hooke’s law. Homogeneous isotropic
media. Elastic modulii for isotropic media.
5 Equilibrium and dynamical equations for an isotropic elastic 54 Mins
solid.Connections of the strain energy function with Hooke’s
Law, uniqueness of solutions. Clapeyron’s Theorem, Beltrami-
Michell compatibility equations, Saint-Venant’s principle.
6 Equilibrium of isotropic elastic solid: Deformations under 54 Mins
uniform pressure. Deformations of prismatical bar stretched by
its own weight and a cylinder immersed in a fluid, twisting of
circular bar by couples at the ends
7 Torsion : Torsion of cylindrical bars, Torsional rigidity, 54 Mins
Torsion function, Lines of shearing stress, simple problems
related to circle, ellipse and equilateral triangle
8 Two-dimensional problems: Plane strain, Plane stress, 54 Mins
Generalised plane stress, Airy’s stress function, General
solution of biharmonic equation.
9 Stresses and displacements in terms of complex potentials. 54 Mins
Simple problems, stress function appropriate to problems of
plane stress
10 Waves: Propagation of waves in an isotropic elastic medium, 54 Mins
waves of dilatation and distortion. Plane waves

Block II:Non-Linear Dynamics; Marks 50 (SEE: 40; IA: 10)

11 Linear autonomous systems: Linear autonomous systems, 54 Mins
existence, uniqueness and continuity of solutions,
diagonalization of linear systems,
12 Fundamental theorem of linear systems, the phase paths of 54 Mins
linear autonomous plane systems
13 Complex eigen values, multiple eigen values, similarity of 54 Mins
matrices and Jordon canonical form, stability theorem
 14 Reduction of higher order ODE systems to first order ODE 54 Mins
systems, linear systems with periodic coefficients
15 Linearization of dynamical systems: Two, three and higher 54 Mins
dimension.
16 Population growth. Lotka-Volterra system 54 Mins
17 Stability: Asymptotic stability (Hartman’s theorem), Global 54 Mins
stability (Liapunov’s second method)
18 Limit set, attractors, periodic orbits, limit cycles 54 Mins
19 Bendixon criterion, Dulac criterion, Poincare-Bendixon 54 Mins
Theorem.
20 Stability and bifurcation: Saddle-Node, transcritical and 54 Mins
pitchfork bifurcations. Hopf- bifurcation
Total 18 Hours

References:

Block I:

1. S. Sokolnikoff: Mathematical Theory of Elasticity.

2. A. E. H. Love: A Treatise on the Mathematical Theory of Elasticity.
3. Y. C. Fung: Foundations of Solid Mechanics.
4. R.N. Chatterjee: Mathematical Theory of Continuum Mechanics. 7. H. L. Royden: Real
Analysis

Block II:

1. D. W. Jordan and P. Smith (1998): Nonlinear Ordinary Equations- An Introduction to

Dynamical Systems (Third Edition), Oxford Univ. Press.
2. L. Perko (1991): Differential Equations and Dynamical Systems, Springer Verlag.
3. F. Verhulust (1996): Nonlinear Differential Equations and Dynamical Systems,
SpringerVerlag.
5. H. I. Freedman - Deterministic Mathematical Models in Population Ecology.
6. Mark Kot (2001): Elements of Mathematical Ecology, Cambridge Univ. Press.
7. W. G. Kelley and A. C. Peterson, Difference Equations- An Introduction with Applications,
Academic Press.
8. S. Elaydi. An Introduction of Difference Equation, Springer.

DSE 1.4 (Pure Stream)

Marks: 100; Credits: 6
Counselling
Unit Topic
Duration

Block I: Differential Geometry I; Marks 50 (SEE: 40; IA: 10)

Vector valued functions, Directional Derivatives, Total

1
derivatives, 54 Mins
 Statement of Inverse and Implicit Function Theorems,
2 54 Mins
Curvilinear coordinate system in E3.
Reciprocal base system. Riemannian space. Reciprocal
3 metric tensor, Christoffel symbols, Covariant differentiation 54 Mins
of vectors and tensors of rank 1 and 2.
Riemannian curvature tensor, Rieci tensor and scalar
4 54 Mins
curvature. Space of constant curvature, Einstein space
On the meaning of covariant derivative. Intrinsic
5 54 Mins
differentiation. Parallel vector field.
Tensor Algebra on finite dimensional vector spaces, Inner
6 54 Mins
product spaces, matrix representation of an inner product ,
Linear functional, r-forms, Exterior product, Exterior
7 54 Mins
derivative
Regular curves, curvature, torsion, curves in plane, signed
8 54 Mins
curvature, curves in spaces,
Serret Frenet formulae, Isoperimetric inequality, four vertex
9 54 Mins
theorem
Introduction to surface, Definition example, first
10 54 Mins
fundamental form of surfaces

Block II: Topology I; Marks 50 (SEE: 40; IA: 10)

11 Definition and examples of topological spaces. 54 Mins
Basis for a given topology, necessary and sufficient
12 54 Mins
condition for two bases to be equivalent,
13 Sub-base, topologizing of two sets from a sub base 54 Mins
Closed sets, closure and interior, their basic properties and
14 54 Mins
their relations
Neighbourhoods, exterior and boundary, dense sets.
15 54 Mins
Accumulation points and derived sets. Subspace topology
Continuous, open, closed mappings, examples and counter
16 54 Mins
examples
17 Their different characterizations and basic properties 54 Mins
18 Pasting lemma, homeomorphism, topological properties. 54 Mins
19 The countability axioms 54 Mins
20 Separation axioms 54 Mins
Total 18 Hours

References:

Block I:

1. Munkres: Analysis on manifolds,

2. Andrew Pressley: Elementary Differential Geometry.
3. M. P. DoCarmo: Differential Geometry of curves and surfaces.
4. Christian Bar: Differential geometry.
5. Nirmala Prakash: Differential geometry
6. I. S. Sokolnikoff: Tensor Analysis, Theory and applications.
7. L. P. Eisenhart: Introduction to Differential Geometry.

Block II:
1. M. A. Armstrong, Basic Topology, Springer (India), 2004,
2. J.R. Munkres, Topology, 2nd Ed., PHI (India), 2002,
3. J. M. Lee: Introduction to topological Manifolds,
4. G.F. Simmons, Introduction to Topology and Modern Analysis, McGraw- Hill, New York,
1963.12. H. A Priestly: Introduction to Complex Analysis, Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1990.
13. E. M. Stein and R. Shakrachi: Complex Analysis, Princeton University Press.

AECC 1.5
Marks: 50; Credits: 2
Counselling
Unit Topic
Duration

Computer Programming in C (Theory); Marks 50 (SEE: 40; IA: 10)

Fundamentals of ‘C’ Language : Basic structure of a ‘C’ program,

Basic Data type, Constants and Variables,Identifier, Keywords,
1 Constants, Basic data type, Variables, Declaration and Initialization,
Statements and Symbolic constants. Compilation and Execution of a
1 Hour
‘C’ program.
Operators and Expressions : Arithmetic, Relational, Logical operators.
Increment, Decrement, Control, Assignment, Bitwise, and Special
2 1 Hour
operators. Precedence rules of operators, Type Conversion (casting),
Modes of arithmetic expressions, Conditional expressions.
Input / Output Operations : Formatted I/O - Single character I/O
(getchar(), putchar()), Data I/O (scanf(),printf()), String I/O (gets(),
puts()). Programming problems. Decision Making Statements:
3 Branching – if Statement, if-else Statement, Nested if-else Statement. 1 Hour
else-if and switch Statements. Loop Control: for Statement, while
Statement, do while Statement. break, continue and exit Statements.
Programming problems.
Functions : Function declaration, Library functions, User defined
function, Passing argument to a function,Recursion. Programming
4 problems. Arrays : Array declaration and static memory allocation. 1 Hour
One dimensional, two dimensional and multidimensional arrays.
Passing arrays to functions. Sparse matrix.
Pointers : Basic concepts of pointer, Functions and Pointers. Pointers
and Arrays, Memory allocation,Passing arrays to functions, Pointer
type casting. Programming problems. Structures and Unions :
5 Declaring a Structure, Accessing a structure element, Storing methods 1 Hour
of structure elements, Array of structures, Nested structure, Self –
referential structure, Dynamic memory allocation, Passing arrays to
function. Union and rules of Union. Programming problems.
File Operations: File Input / Output operations – Opening and Closing
6 a file, Reading and Writing a file.Charactercounting, Tab space 1 Hour
counting, File-Copy program, Text and Binary files.
Total 6 Hours

References:

1. Programming in ANSI C: E. Balaguruswamy.

2. Let Us C: Y. Kanetkar.
3. Programming in C Language: B. S. Gottfred.
4. Mastering Algorithmin C: K. Loudon.
5. The C Programming Language: B.W. Kernighan and D. Ritchie.
 Semester II
COR 2.1
Marks: 100; Credits: 6
Unit Topic Counselling
Duration

Block I: Real Analysis II; Marks 32 (SEE: 25; IA: 07)

1 The Lebesgue measure: Definition of the Lebesgue outer

measure on the power set of R, countable subadditivity, 54 Mins
Carathéodory’s definition of the Lebesgue measure and
basic properties. Measurability of an interval (finite or
infinite),
2 Countable additivity, Characterizations of measurable sets 54 Mins
by open sets, Gδ sets, closed sets and Fσ sets. Measurability
of Borel sets, Existence of non-measurable sets.
3 Measurable functions : Definition on a measurable set in R 54 Mins
and basic properties, Simple functions
4 Sequences of measurable functions, Measurable functions as
the limits of sequences of simple functions
5 Lusin’s theorem on restricted continuity of measurable 54 Mins
functions, Egoroff’s theorem, Convergence in measure
6 The Lebesgue integral : Integrals of non-negative simple 54 Mins
functions, The integral of non-negative measurable functions
on arbitrary measurable sets in R using integrals of non-
negative simple functions, Monotone convergence theorem
and Fatou’s lemma.
7 The integral of Measurable functions and basic properties, 54 Mins
Absolute character of the integral, Dominated convergence
theorem,
8 Inclusion of the Riemann integral, Riesz-Fischer theorem on 54 Mins
the completeness of the space of Lebesgue integrable
functions.
9 Lebesgue integrability of the derivative of a function of 54 Mins
bounded variation on an interval. Descriptive
characterization of the Lebesgue integral on intervals by
absolutely continuous functions.

Block II: Complex Analysis II; Marks 32 (SEE: 25; IA: 07)
10 Contour integration. Conformal mapping, Bilinear 54 Mins
transformation. Idea of analytic continuation.
11 Multivalued functions – branch point. Idea of winding 54 Mins
number.
12 Zeros of an analytic function. Singularities and their 54 Mins
classification.
 13 Limit points of zeros and poles. Riemann’s theorem. 54 Mins
Weierstrass-Casorati theorem.
14 Theory of residues. Argument principle. Rouche’s theorem. 54 Mins
Maximum modulus theorem. Schwarz lemma. Behaviour of
a function at the point at infinity.

Block III: Functional Analysis II; Marks 36 (SEE: 30; IA: 06)
15 Linear operators, Linear operators on normed linear spaces, 54 Mins
continuity
16 Bounded linear operators, norm of an operator, various 54 Mins
expressions for the norm. Spaces of bounded linear
operators. Inverse of an operator.
17 Linear functionals. Hahn-Banach theorem (without proof), 54 Mins
simple applications. Normed conjugate space and
separability of the space. Uniform boundedness principle,
simple application.
18 Inner product spaces, Cauchy Schwarz’s inequality, the 54 Mins
induced norm, polarization identity, parallelogram law.
Orthogonality, Pythagoras Theorem, orthonormality,
Bessel’s inequality and its generalisation.
19 Hilbert spaces, orthogonal complement, projection theorem. 54 Mins
20 The Riesz’s representation theorem. Convergence of series
corresponding to orthogonal sequence, Fourier coefficient,
Perseval’s identity.
Total 18 Hours

References:

Block I:

1. G. de BARRA: Measure theory and integration.

2. I. P. Natanson: Theory of Integrals of a Real Variable (Vol. I and II).
3. B. K. Lahiri and K. C. Ray: Real Analysis.
4. W. Rudin: Principles of Mathematical Analysis.
5. A. G. Das: Theory of Integration – The Riemann, Lebesgue and Henstock-Kurzweil Integrals.
6. P. K..Jain, V. P. Gupta and P. Jain: Lebesgue measure and integration
7. H. L. Royden: Real Analysis

Block II:

1. A. I. Markushevich: Theory of Functions of a Complex Variable (Vol. I, II and III).

2. R. V. Churchill and J. W. Brown: Complex Variables and Applications.
3. E. C. Titchmarsh: The Theory of Functions.
4. E. T. Copson: An Introduction to the Theory of Functions of a Complex Variable.
5. J. B. Conway: Functions of One Complex Variable.
6. L. V. Ahlfors: Complex Analysis.
7. H. S. Kasana: Complex Variables – Theory and Applications.
8. S. Narayan and P. K. Mittal: Theory of Functions of a Complex Variable.
9. A. K. Mukhopadhyay: Functions of Complex Variables and Conformal Transformation.
10. J. M. Howie: Complex Analysis.
11. S. Ponnusamy: Foundation of Complex Analysis.
12. H. A Priestly: Introduction to Complex Analysis, Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1990.
13. E. M. Stein and R. Shakarchi: Complex Analysis, Princeton University Press.

Block III:

1. E. Kreyszig: Introductory Functional Analysis with Applications.

2. W. Rudin: Functional Analysis.
3. N. Dunford and L. Schwartz: Linear Operators (Part I).
4. A. E. Taylor: Introduction to Functional Analysis.
5. B. V. Limaye: Functional Analysis.
6. K. Yoshida: Functional Analysis.
7. B. K. Lahiri: Elements of Functional Analysis.

COR 2.2
Marks: 100; Credits: 6
Unit Topic Counselling
Duration

Block I: Classical Mechanics; Marks 32 (SEE: 25; IA: 07)

1 Lagrangian Formulation: Generalised coordinates.

Holonomic and nonholonomic systems. Scleronomic and 54 Mins
rheonomic systems. D’Alembert’s principle. Lagrange’s
equations. Energy equation for conservative fields. Cyclic
(ignorable) coordinates. Generalised potential.
2 Moving Coordinate System: Coordinate systems with 54 Mins
relative translational motions. Rotating coordinate systems.
The Coriolis force.
3 Motion on the earth. Effect of Coriolis force on a freely 54 Mins
falling particle. Euler’s theorem. Euler’s equations of motion
for a rigid body. Eulerian angles.
4 Variational Principle : Calculus of variations and its 54 Mins
applications in shortest distance, minimum surface of
revolution, Brachistochrone problem,
5 Geodesic. Hamilton’s principle. Lagrange’s undetermined 54 Mins
multipliers. Hamilton’s equations of motion.
6 Canonical Transformations: Canonical coordinates and 54 Mins
canonical transformations. Poincaré theorem. Lagrange’s
and
7 Poisson’s brackets and their variance under canonical 54 Mins
transformations, Hamilton’s equations of motion in
Poisson’s bracket. Jacobi’s identity. Hamilton-Jacobi
equation.
8 Small Oscillations :General case of coupled oscillations. 54 Mins
 Eigen vectors and Eigen frequencies. Orthogonality of Eigen
vectors. Normal coordinates. Two-body problem.

Block II: Abstract Algebra II; Marks 32 (SEE: 25; IA: 07)
9 Preliminaries: Review of earlier related concepts-Rings, 54 Mins
integral domains, fields and their simple properties.
10 Detailed discussion on rings: Classification of rings, their 54 Mins
definitions and characterization theorem with examples and
counter examples.
11 Polynomial rings, division algorithm, irreducible 54 Mins
polynomials, Eisenstein’s criterion for irreducibility.
12 Ideals in rings: Definitions, classifications with related 54 Mins
theorems, examples and counter examples
13 Domains in rings: Classification, definitions and related 54 Mins
theories with example and counter examples.
14 Field extensions: Definition and simple properties. 54 Mins

Block III: Operations Research II; Marks 36 (SEE: 30; IA: 06)
15 Sensitivity Analysis: Changes in price vector of objective 54 Mins
function, changes in resource requirement vector, addition of
decision variable, addition of a constraint.
16 Parametric Programming : Variation in price vector, 54 Mins
Variation in requirement vector
17 Replacement and Maintenance Models: Failure mechanism 54 Mins
of items, General replacement policies for gradual failure of
items with constant money value and change of money value
at a constant rate over the time period, Selection of best
item.
18 Dynamic Programming (DP): Basic features of DP 54 Mins
problems, Bellman’s principle of optimality, Multistage
decision process with Forward and Backward recursive
relations, DP approach to stage-coach problems.
19 Non-Linear Programming (NLP): Lagrange Function and 54 Mins
Multipliers, Lagrange Multipliers methods for nonlinear
programs with equality and inequality constraints.
20 Separable programming, Piecewise linear approximation
solution approach, Linear fractional programming.
Total 18 Hours

References:

Block I:

1. E. T. Whittaker: A Treatise of Analytical Dynamics of Particles and Rigid Dynamics.

2. Greenwood: Dynamics.
3. F. Chorlton: Dynamics.
4. Routh: Dynamics.
5. H. Lamb: Dynamics.
6. R. G. Takwale and P. S. Puranik: Introduction to Classical Mechanics.
7. H. Goldstein: Classical Mechanics.
8. Classical Mechanics: N. C. Rana and P.S. Joag.

Block II:

1. J. A. Gallian: Contemporary Abstract Algebra, 4th Ed., Narosa Publishing House, 1999.
2. M. R. Adhikari and Abhishek Adhikari: Groups, Rings and Modules with Applications.
3. Luthar&Passi: Algebra (Vol. 1).
4. I. N. Herstein: Topics in Algebra, Wiley Eastern Ltd. New Delhi, 1975.
5. D. S. Dummit, R. M. Foote: Abstract Algebra, 2nd edition, Wiley Student edition.
6. John B. Fraleigh: A First Course in Abstract Algebra, 7th Ed., Pearson, 2002.
7. M.K. Sen, S. Ghosh and P. Mukhopadhyay: Abstract Algebra, University Press.
8. T. W. Hungerford: Algebra, Springer, 1980.
9. Joseph J. Rotman: An introduction to the theory of groups, Springer-Verlag, 1990.
10. N. Jacobson: Lecturers in Abstract Algebra.
11. M. Artin: Abstract Algebra, 2nd Ed., Pearson, 2011.
12. Malik, Mordeson and Sen: Fundamentals of Abstract Algebra, McGraw-Hill, 1997.
13. S. Lang: Algebra (2nd ed.), Addition-Wesley.

Block III:

1. Linear Programming – G. Hadley.

2. Mathematical Programming Techniques – N. S. Kambo.
3. Nonlinear and Dynamic Programming – G. Hadley.
4. Operations Research – K. Swarup, P. K. Gupta and Man Mohan.
5. Operations Research – H. A. Taha
6. Introduction to Operations Research – A. Frederick, F. S. Hillier and G. J. Lieberman.
7. Engineering Optimization: Theory and Practice – S. S. Rao.
8. Principles of Operations Research – Harvey M. Wagner.
9. Operations Research – P. K. Gupta and D. S. Hira.
10. Nonlinear and Mixed-Integer Optimization – Christodoulos A. Floudas.
11. Operations Research: Theory and Applications – J. K. Sharma.

COR 2.3
Marks: 50; Credits: 4

Unit Topic Counselling

Duration

Block I: Numerical Analysis; Marks 50 (SEE: 40; IA: 10)

1 Errors: Floating-point approximation of a number, Loss of

significance and error propagation, Stability in numerical 52 Mins
computation.
2 Interpolation: Hermite’s and spline interpolation. 52 Mins
Interpolation by iteration –Aitken’s and Neville’s schemes.
3 Approximation of Function: Least square approximation. 52 Mins
 Weighted least square approximation. Orthogonal
polynomials,
4 Gram –Schmidt orthogonalisation process, Chebysev 52 Mins
polynomials, Mini-max polynomial approximation.
5 Numerical Integration: Gaussian quadrature formula and 52 Mins
its existence. Euler-MacLaurin formula
6 Gregory-Newton quadrature formula. Romberg integration. 52 Mins
7 Systems of Linear Algebraic Equations: Direct methods, 52 Mins
Factorization method.
8 Eigenvalue and Eigenvector Problems: Direct methods, 52 Mins
Iterative method –Power method.
9 Nonlinear Equations: Fixed point iteration method, 52 Mins
convergence and error estimation.
10 Modified Newton-Raphson method, Muller’s method, 52 Mins
Inverse interpolation method, error estimations and
convergence analysis.
11 Ordinary Differential Equations: Initial value problems– 52 Mins
Picard’s successive approximation method, error estimation.
12 Single-step methods –Euler’s method and Runge-Kutta 52 Mins
method, error estimations and convergence analysis
13 Multi-step method –Milne’s predictor-corrector method, 52 Mins
error estimation and convergence analysis.
14 Partial Differential Equations: Finite difference methods 52 Mins
for Elliptic and Parabolic differential equations.
Total 12 Hours

References:

1. K. E. Atkinson: An Introduction to Numerical Analysis, 2 nd Edition, Wiley-India, 1989.

2. S. D. Conte and C. de Boor:Elementary Numerical Analysis -An Algorithmic Approach, 3 rd
Edition, McGraw-Hill, 1981.
3. R. L. Burden and J. D. Faires:Numerical Analysis, 7 th Edition, Thomson, 2001.
4. Froberg, C. E. :Introduction to Numerical Analysis.
5. Hildebrand, F.B. : Introduction to Numerical Analysis.
6. Ralston, A. and Rabinowits, P. : A First Course in Numerical Analysis.
7. Atkinson, K. and Cheney, W. : Numerical Analysis.
8. David, K. and Cheney, W. : Numerical Analysis.
9. Powell, M. :Approximation Theory and Methods.
10. Jain, M. F., Iyenger, S. R. K. and Jain, R.K.:Numerical Methods for Scientific and
Engineering Computation.
11. Scheid, F.: Numerical Analysis.
12. Sanyal, D. C. and Das, K. : A Text Book of Numerical Analysis.
13. Reddy, J. N.: An Introduction to Finite Element Methods.
14. Sastry, S. S.: Introductory Methods of Numerical Analysis.

DSE 2.4 (Applied Stream)

Marks: 100; Credits: 6
Unit Topic Counselling
Duration

Block I: Mechanics of Fluids; Marks 60 (SEE: 50; IA: 10)

1 Kinematics: Real and ideal fluids. Streamlines and paths of

particles. Steady and unsteady flows. 54 Mins
2 Lagrange’s and Euler’s methods of description of fluid 54 Mins
motion. Accelerations. Boundary surface. Irrotational and
rotational motions.
3 Equation of continuity. Equations of Motion: Lagrange’s 54 Mins
and Euler’s equations of motion. Bernoulli’s theorem.
Cauchy’s integrals. Impulsive action.
4 Motion in Two Dimensions: Stream function. Sources, 54 Mins
sinks and doublets. Images. Image of a source (sink) with
regard to a plane and a sphere.
5 Image of a doublet with regard to a sphere, Images in two 54 Mins
dimensions. Milne-Thomson circle theorem. Blasius
theorem.
6 General Theory of Irrotational Motion: Flow and 54 Mins
circulation. Cyclic and acyclic motions.
7 Impulsive motion. Properties of irrotational motion. Kelvin’s 54 Mins
theorem of minimum kinetic energy.
8 Motion of a sphere. Liquid streaming past a fixed sphere. 54 Mins
Equations of motion of a sphere.
9 Vortex Motion: Vortex motion and its simple properties. 54 Mins
Motion due to circular and rectilinear vortices.
10 Vortex pair and doublet. Karman vortex street. 54 Mins
11 Viscous Liquid Motion: Stress components in real fluid. 54 Mins
Rate of strain quadric. Stress analysis in fluid motion.
12 Relation between stress and rate of strain. Navier-Stokes’ 54 Mins
equations.
13 Plane Poiseuille and Couette flow between two parallel 54 Mins
plates.

Block II: Stochastic Processes; Marks 40 (SEE: 30; IA: 10)

14 Review of Probability: Random variables, conditional 54 Mins
probability and independence,
15 Bivariate and multi-variate distributions. 54 Mins
16 Probability generating functions, characteristic functions, 54 Mins
convergence concepts.
17 Conditional Expectation: Conditioning on an event, 54 Mins
conditioning on a discrete random variable, conditioning on
an arbitrary random variable, conditioning on a sigma-field.
18 The Random Walk: unrestricted random walk, types of 54 Mins
stochastic processes, gambler’s ruin problem, generalisation
of the random walk model.
19 Markov Chains: Definitions, Chapman-Kolmogorov 54 Mins
equation, Equilibrium distributions, Classification of states,
 Long-time behaviour. Stationary distribution. Branching
process
20 Stochastic process in continuous time: Poisson process and 54 Mins
Brownian motion.
Total 18 Hours

References:

Block I:

1. F. Chorlton: Textbook of Fluid Dynamics.

2. A.S. Ramsey: A Treatise on Hydromechanics Part II.
3. G. K. Batchelor: An Introduction to Fluid Dynamics.
4. L. D. Landau and E. M. Lipschitz: Fluid Mechanics.

Block II:

1. Modern Probability Theory: B. R. Bhat.

2. Elementary Probability Theory and Stochastic Processes: K. L. Chung.
3. An Outline of Statistical Theory (Vol 1 and 2): A. M. Goon, M. K. Gupta &B. Dasgupta.
4. An Introduction to Multivariate Statistical Analysis: T. W.Anderson.
5. Introduction to Stochastic Processes: Hoel, Port, Stone
6. Stochastic Processes: Sheldon M. Ross
7. Stochastic Processes: J. Medhi.

DSE 2.4 (Pure Stream)

Marks: 100; Credits: 6
Counselling
Unit Topic
Duration

Block I: Differential Geometry II; Marks 50 (SEE: 40; IA: 10)

Curves in the plane and space, surfaces in three-dimension,

1
Smooth surface 54 Mins
Tangents and derivatives, normal and orientability,
2 54 Mins
Examples of surfaces.
3 The first fundamental form, Length of curves on surfaces 54 Mins
4 Isometries of surfaces, Conformal mapping of surfaces 54 Mins
Curvature of surfaces, The second fundamental form, The
5 54 Mins
Gauss and Weingarten map
Normal and geodesic curvatures, Parallel transport and
6 54 Mins
covariant derivative.
7 Gaussian, mean and principal curvatures 54 Mins
8 Gauss Theorem Egregium, Minimal surface 54 Mins
9 The Gauss Bonnet Theorem. Abstract differentiable 54 Mins
 manifolds and examples, Tangent Spaces
10 Continuation of Unit 9 54 Mins

Block II: Topology II; Marks 50 (SEE: 40; IA: 10)

Connectedness: Examples, various characterizations and
11 54 Mins
basic properties. Connectedness on the real line.
Components and quasi components. Path connectedness and
12 54 Mins
path components.
Compactness: Characterizations and basic properties of
13 54 Mins
compactness, Lebesgue, lemma. Sequential compactness
BW Compactness and countable compactness. Local
14 54 Mins
compactness and Baire Category Theorem.
Identification spaces: Constructing a Mobius strip,
15 54 Mins
identification topology, Orbit spaces.
16 Continuation of Unit 15 54 Mins
Some Matrix Lie Groups: Some elementary properties of
17 54 Mins
topological groups.
18 GL(n,R) as a topological group and its subgroups. 54 Mins
19 Fundamental groups, calculation of fundamental group of S. 54 Mins
20 Continuation of Unit 19 54 Mins
Total 18 Hours

References:

Block I:

1. Munkres: Analysis on manifolds,

2. Andrew Pressley: Elementary Differential Geometry.
3. M. P. DoCarmo: Differential Geometry of curves and surfaces.
4. Christian Bar: Differential geometry.
5. Nirmala Prakash: Differential geometry.
6. L. W. Tu: Introduction to manifolds.
7. J. M. Lee: Differentiable manifoldfs.

Block II:

1. M. A. Armstrong, Basic Topology, Springer (India), 2004,

2. J.R. Munkres, Topology, 2nd Ed., PHI (India), 2002,
3. J. M. Lee: Introduction to topological Manifolds,
4. G.F. Simmons, Introduction to Topology and Modern Analysis, McGraw- Hill, New York,
1963.
5. A basic course in algebraic topology, Massey
6. Allen Hatcher, Algebraic topology.

GEC2.5
Marks: 50; Credits: 4
 Counselling
Unit Topic
Duration

Block I: Operations Research; Marks 25 (SEE: 20; IA: 5)

Formulation of linear programming models. Graphical

solution. Basic solution (BS) and Basic Feasible Solution
1 (BFS), Degenerate and non-degenerate BFS, Convex set, 90 Mins
convex hull, convex polyhedron, extreme points, hyper
plane.
Standard form of LPP. Simplex method. Charnes’ Big – M
2 90 Mins
method.
3 Transportation and assignment problems. 90 Mins
A brief introduction to PERT and CPM, Components of
4 PERT/CPM Network and precedence relationships, Critical 90 Mins
path analysis.

Block II: Matrices and Linear Algebra; Marks 25 (SEE: 20; IA: 5)

Matrix: definition, order, symmetric and skew symmetric

5 90 Mins
matrices.
Determinant of a matrix, elementary properties of
6 determinants, inverse of a matrix, normal form of a matrix, 90 Mins
rank of a matrix.
Elementary concept of a vector space, linear dependence and
independence of vectors, basis of a vector space, row space,
7 90 Mins
column space, solution of system of linear equations,
Cramar’s rule.
Eigen values and Eigen vectors of matrices, Cayley
8 90 Mins
Hamilton Theorem, Diagonalization of matrices.
Total 12 Hours

References:

Block I:

1. H.A. Taha: Operations Research

2. J.G. Chakraborty and P.R. Ghosh: Linear Programming and Game Theory
3. P.K. Gupta and D.S. Hira: Operations Research
4. K. Swarup, P. K. Gupta and Man Mohan: Operations Research.

Block II:

1. I. N. Herstein: Topics in Algebra.

2. K. Hoffman and R. Kunze: Linear Algebra.
3. S. K. Mapa: Higher Algebra
4. Kumaresan: Linear Algebra
 Semester III
COR 3.1
Marks: 100; Credits: 6
Unit Topic Counselling
Duration

Block I: Linear Algebra; Marks 40 (SEE: 30; IA: 10)

1 Matrices over a field: Matric polynomial, eigen values and

eigen vectors, minimal polynomial. 54 Mins
2 Linear Transformation (L.T.): Brief overview of L.T., Rank 54 Mins
and Nullity of L.T.,
3 Dual space, dual basis, Representation of L.T. by matrices, 54 Mins
Change of basis.
4 Normal forms of matrices: Triangular forms, diagonalization 54 Mins
of matrices
5 Smith's normal form, Invariant factors and elementary divisors, 54 Mins
6 Jordan canonical form, Rational (or Natural Normal) form. 54 Mins
7 Inner Product Spaces: Inner product and Norms. Adjoint of a 54 Mins
linear operator, Normal, self adjoint, unitary, orthogonal
operators and their matrices.
8 Bilinear and Quadratic forms: Bilinear forms, quadratic 54 Mins
forms,Reduction and classification of quadratic forms,
Sylvester’s law of Inertia.

Block II: Special Functions; Marks 25 (SEE: 20; IA: 05)

9 Legendre Polynomial: Generating function, Recurrence 54 Mins
relations, Rodrigue’s formula, Orthogonal property. Schlafli’s
integral formula. Laplace’s first and second integral formula.
Construction of Legendre differential equation.
10 Bessel’s function: Generating function, Recurrence relation, 54 Mins
Representation for the indices ½, -1/2, 3/2 and -3/2. Bessel’s
integral equation. Bessel’s function of second kind.
11 Hermite Polynomial: Generating function, Recurrence 54 Mins
relations, Rodrigue’s formula, Orthogonal property.
Construction and solution of Hermite differential equation.
12 Laguerre Polynomial: Generating function, Recurrence 54 Mins
relations, Rodrigue’s formula, Orthogonal property.
Construction and solution of Laguerre differential equation.
13 Chebyshev Polynomial: Definition, Series representation, 54 Mins
Recurrence relations, Orthogonal property. Construction and
solution of Chebyshev differential equation.

Block III: Integral Equations and Integral Transformations;

Marks 35 (SEE: 30; IA: 05)

 14 Integral Equation: Symmetric, separable, iterated and 54 Mins
resolvent kernel, Fredholm and Voltera integral equation &
their classification, integral equation of convolution type, eigen
value &eigen function, method of converting an initial value
problem (IVP) into a Voltera integral equation, method of
converting a boundary value problem (BVP) into a
Fredholmintegral equation.
15 Homogeneous Fredholm integral equation of the second kind 54 Mins
with separable or degenerate kernel; classical Fredholm theory-
Fredholm alternative, Fredholm theorem.
16 Method of successive approximations: Solution of Fredholm 54 Mins
and Voltera integral equation of the second kind by successive
substitutions & Iterative method (Fredholm integral equation
only), reciprocal function, determination of resolvent kernel
and solution of Fredholm integral equation.
17 Hilbert-Schmidt theory: Orthonormal system of function, 54 Mins
fundamental properties of eigen value and function for
symmetric kernel, Hilbert theorem, Hilbert-Schmidt theorem.
18 Integral Transform: Laplace transforms of elementary 54 Mins
functions & their derivatives and Dirac-delta function, Laplace
integral, Lerch’s theorem (statement only), property of
differentiation, integration and convolution, inverse transform,
application to the solution of ordinary differential equation,
integral equation and BVP.
19 Fourier Transform: Fourier transform of some elementary 54 Mins
functions and their derivatives, inverse Fourier transform,
convolution theorem & Parseval’s relation and their
application, Fourier sine and cosine transform;
20 Hankel Transform, inversion formula and Finite Hankel 54 Mins
transform, solution of two-dimensional Laplace and one-
dimensional diffusion & wave equation by integral transform.
Total 18 Hours

References:

Block I:

1. I. N. Herstein: Topics in Algebra.

2. K. Hoffman and R. Kunze: Linear Algebra.
3. J. H. Kwak and S. Hong: Linear Algebra.
4. E. D. Nering: Linear Algebra and Matrix Theory.
5. T. S. Blyth: Module Theory.
6. I. S. Luthar and I. B. S. Passi: Modules.

Block II:

1. N. N. Lebedev: Special Functions and Their Applications.

2. I. N. Sneddon: Special Functions of Mathematical Physics and Chemistry.
3. E. D. Rainville: Special Function

Block III:
1. M. D. Raisinghania: Integral Equations and Boundary Value Problems.
2. R. P. Kanwal: Linear Integral Equations.
3. S. G. Michelins: Linear Integral Equations.
4. D. V. Wider: The Laplace Transforms.
5. P. J. Collins: Differential and Integral Equations.
6. H. S. Carslaw and J. C. Jaeger: Operational Methods in Applied Mathematics.
7. I. G. Petrovsky: Lectures on the Theory of Integral Equations.
8. R. V. Churchill: Operational Mathematics.
9. L. Debnath and D. Bhatta: Integral Transforms and Their Applications.
10. I. N. Sneddon: The Use of Integral Transforms.
11. B. Davies: Integral Transforms and Their Applications.
12. A. M. Wazwaz: A First Course in Integral Equations.
13. N. V. Mclachlan: Operational Calculus.

COR 3.2
Marks: 100; Credits: 6
Unit Topic Counselling
Duration
Block I: Calculus of ℝ𝒏 ; Marks 50 (SEE: 40; IA: 10)

1 Differentiation on 𝑅𝑛 : Directional derivatives and 54 Mins

continuity, the total derivative and continuity,
2 Total derivative in terms of partial derivatives, the matrix 54 Mins
transformation of 𝑇: 𝑅𝑛 → 𝑅𝑛 . The Jacobian matrix.
3 The chain rule and its matrix form. Mean value theorem for 54 Mins
vector valued function. Mean value inequality.
4 A sufficient condition for differentiability. A sufficient 54 Mins
condition for mixed partial derivatives.
5 Functions with non-zero Jacobian determinant, the inverse 54 Mins
function theorem, the implicit function theorem as an
application of Inverse function theorem.
6 Extremum problems with side conditions – Lagrange’s 54 Mins
necessary conditions as an application of Inverse function
theorem.
7 Integration on 𝑅𝑛 : Integral of 𝑓: 𝐴 → 𝑅when 𝐴 ⊂ 𝑅𝑛 is a 54 Mins
closed rectangle.
8 Conditions of inerrability. Integrals of 𝑓: 𝐶 → 𝑅, 𝐶 ⊂ 𝑅𝑛 is 54 Mins
not a rectangle, concept of Jordan measurability of a set in
𝑅𝑛 .
9 Fubini’stheorem for integral of 𝑓: 𝐴 × 𝐵 → 𝑅, 𝐴 ⊂ 𝑅𝑛 , 𝐵 ⊂ 54 Mins
𝑅𝑛 are closed rectangles.
10 Fubini’s theorem for 𝑓: 𝐶 → 𝑅, 𝐶 ⊂ 𝐴 × 𝐵, Formula for 54 Mins
change of variables in an integral in 𝑅𝑛 .

Block II: Fuzzy Set Theory; Marks 25 (SEE: 20; IA: 05)
 11 Interval Arithmetic: Interval numbers, arithmetic operations
on interval numbers, distance between intervals, 54 Mins
two level interval numbers
12 Basic concepts of fuzzy sets: Types of fuzzy sets, -cuts and 54 Mins
its properties, representations of fuzzy sets,
13 Decomposition theorems, support, convexity, normality, 54 Mins
cardinality, standard set-theoretic operations on fuzzysets,
Zadeh’s extension principle.
14 Fuzzy Relations: Crisp versus fuzzy relations, fuzzy matrices 54 Mins
and fuzzy graphs, composition of fuzzy relations,relational
join, binary fuzzy relations.
15 Fuzzy Arithmetic: Fuzzy numbers, arithmetic operations on 54 Mins
fuzzy numbers (multiplication and division on ℝ+only),
fuzzy equations.

Block III: Calculus of Variations; Marks 25 (SEE: 20; IA: 05)

16 Variational Problems with fixed Boundaries: Variation, 54 Mins

Linear functional, Euler-Lagrange equation, Functionals
dependent on higher order derivatives, Functionals
dependent on functions of several variables
17 Applications of Calculus of variations on the problems of 54 Mins
shortest distance, minimum surface of revolution,
Brachistochrone problem, geodesic etc. Isoperimetric
problem.
18 Variational Problems with Moving Boundaries: 54 Mins
Transversality conditions, Orthogonality conditions,
Functional dependent on two functions, One sided
variations.
19 Sufficient Conditions for an Extremum: Proper field, 54 Mins
Central field, Field of extremals, Embedding in a field of
extremals and in a central field
20 Sufficient condition for extremum-Weirstrass condition, 54 Mins
Legendre condition. Weak and strong extremum.
Total 18 Hours

References:

Block I:

1. T. M. Apostol: Mathematical Analysis.

2. M. Spivak: Calculus on Manifolds.
3. W. Rudin: Principles of Mathematical Analysis

Block II:

1. Fuzzy Sets and Fuzzy Logic Theory and Applications: G.J. Klir and B. Yuan.
2. Introduction to Fuzzy Arithmetic Theory and Applications: A. Kaufmann and M.M. Gupta.
3. Fuzzy Set Theory: R. Lowen.
4. Fuzzy Set Theory and Its Applications: H.-J. Zimmermann.
5. Fuzzy Set, Fuzzy Logic, Applications: G. Bojadziev and M. Bojadziev.

Block III:

1. A.S. Gupta: Calculus of Variations with Applications, Prentice –Hall of India.

2. I.M. Gelfand and S.V. Fomin, Calculus of Variations, Prentice Hall Inc.
3. L. Elsgolts: Differential equations and the Calculus of Variations.

DSE 3.3 (Applied Stream)

Marks: 100; Credits: 6
Unit Topic Counselling
Duration

Block I: Modelling of Biological Systems; Marks 50 (SEE: 40; IA: 10)

1 Mathematical models in ecology: Discrete and Continuous

population models for single species. Logistic models and 54 Mins
their stability analysis. Stochastic birth and death processes.
2 Continuous models for two interacting populations: 54 Mins
Lotka-Volterra model of predator -prey system, Kolmogorov
model. Trophic function. Gauss’s Model.
3 Leslie-Gower predator-prey model. Analysis of predator- 54 Mins
prey model with limit cycle behavior, parameter domains of
stability. Nonlinear oscillations in predator-prey system.
4 Deterministic Epidemic Models: Deterministic model of 54 Mins
simple epidemic, Infection through vertical and horizontal
transmission, General epidemic- Kermack-Mckendrick
Threshold Theorem.
5 Delay Models: Discrete and Distributed delay models. 54 Mins
Stability of population steady states.
6 Spatial Models: Formulating spatially structured models. 54 Mins
Spatial steady states: Linear and nonlinear problems. Models
of spread of population.
7 Blood flow models: Basic concepts of blood flow and its 54 Mins
special characteristics. Application of Poiseulle’s law to the
study of bifurcation in an artery.
8 Pulsatile flow of blood in rigid and elastic tubes. Aortic 54 Mins
diastolic-systolic pressure waveforms. Moen-Korteweg
expression for pulse wave velocity in elastic tube. Blood
flow through artery with mild stenosis.
9 Models for other fluids: Peristaltic motion in a channel and 54 Mins
in a tube. Two dimensional flow in renal tubule. Lubrication
of human joints.
10 Models in Pharmacokinetics: Compartments, Basic 54 Mins
equations, single and two compartment models.

Block II: Dynamical Systems; Marks 50 (SEE: 40; IA: 10)

 11 Autonomous and non-autonomous systems: Orbit of a 54 Mins
map, fixed point, equilibrium point, periodic point, circular
map, configuration space and phase space.
12 Nonlinear oscillators-conservative system. Hamiltonian 54 Mins
system. Various types of oscillators in nonlinear system viz.
simple pendulum, and rotating pendulum.
13 Limit cycles: Poincaré-Bendixon theorem (statement only). 54 Mins
Criterion for the existence of limit cycle for Liénard’s
equation.
14 Stability: Definition in Liapunov sense. Routh-Hurwitz 54 Mins
criterion for nonlinear systems.
15 Liapunov’s criterion for stability. Stability of periodic 54 Mins
solutions. Floquet’s theorem.
16 Solutions of nonlinear differential equations by 54 Mins
perturbation method: Secular term. Nonlinear damping.
17 Solutions for the equations of motion of a simple pendulum, 54 Mins
Duffing and Vanderpol oscillators.
18 Bifurcation Theory: Origin of Bifurcation, Bifurcation 54 Mins
Value, Normalisation, Resonance, Stability of a fixed point.
19 Bifurcation of equilibrium solutions – the saddle node 54 Mins
bifurcation, the pitch-fork bifurcation, Hopf-bifurcation.
20 Randomness of orbits of a dynamical system: The Lorentz 54 Mins
equations, Chaos, Strange attractors.
Total 18 Hours

References:

Block I:

1. K. E. Watt: Ecology and Resource Management-A Quantitative Approach.

2. R. M. May: Stability and Complexity in Model Ecosystem.
3. Y. M. Svirezhev and D. O. Logofet: Stability of Biological Communities.
4. A. Segel: Modelling Dynamic Phenomena in Molecular Biology.
5. J. D. Murray: Mathematical Biology. Springer and Verlag.
6. N. T. J. Bailey: The Mathematical Approach to Biology and Medicine.
7. L. Perko (1991): Differential Equations and Dynamical Systems, Springer Verlag.
8. F. Verhulust (1996): Nonlinear Differential Equations and Dynamical Systems, Springer
Verlag.
9. H. I. Freedman - Deterministic Mathematical Models in Population Ecology.
10. Mark Kot (2001): Elements of Mathematical Ecology, Cambridge Univ. Press
11. Fung, Y.C.: Biomechanics.

Block II:

1. D. W. Jordan and P. Smith: Nonlinear Ordinary Differential Equations.

2. F. Verhulst: Nonlinear Differential Equations and Dynamic Systems.
3. R. L. Davaney: An Introduction to Chaotic Dynamical Systems.
4. P. G. Drazin: Non-linear Systems.
5. K. Arrowsmith: Introduction to Dynamical Systems.
6. C. Havyshi: Nonlinear Oscillations in Physical Systems.
7. A. H. Nayfeh and D. T. Mook: Nonlinear Oscillations.
8. V. I. Arnold: Dynamical Systems V-Bifurcation Theory and Catastrophy Theory.
9. V. I. Arnold: Dynamical Systems III – Mathematical Aspects of Classical and Celestial
Mechanics

DSE 3.3 (Pure Stream)

Marks: 100; Credits: 6
Counselling
Unit Topic
Duration

Block I: Operator Theory; Marks 50 (SEE: 40; IA: 10)

Conjugate Space: Definition of conjugate space, determination of

conjugate spaces of 𝑅𝑛 , 𝑙𝑝 for 1 ≤ 𝑝 < ∞. Representation theorem
for bounded linear functionals on C[𝑎, 𝑏](Statement only). Some
1
idea about the spaces 𝐵𝑉[𝑎, 𝑏] and 𝐵[𝑎, 𝑏] Determination of 54 Mins
conjugate spaces of C[𝑎, 𝑏] and some other finite and infinite
dimensional spaces.
Weak convergence and weak* convergence: Definition,
characterization of weak convergence and weak* convergence,
2 54 Mins
sufficient condition for the equivalence of weak* convergence and
weak convergence in the dual space.
Reflexive spaces: Definition of reflexive space, canonical
3 mapping, relation between reflexivity and separability, some 54 Mins
consequences of reflexivity.
Bounded linear operator, uniqueness theorem, adjoint of an
4 54 Mins
operator and its properties.
Self-adjoint, compact, normal, unitary and positive operators,
5 norm of self -adjoint operator, group of unitary operator, square 54 Mins
root of positive operator-characterization and basic properties,
Projection operator and their sum, product &permutability,
6 invariant subspaces, closed linear transformation, closed graph 54 Mins
theorem and open mapping theorem.
Unbounded operator: Basic properties, Cayley transform,
7 54 Mins
change of measure principle, spectral theorem.
Compact map: Basic properties, compact symmetric operator,
8 Rayleigh principle, Fisher’s principle, Courant’s principle, 54 Mins
Mercer’s theorem, positive compact operator.
Strongly continuous semigroup: Strongly continuous semigroup
9 54 Mins
of operator and contraction, infinitesimal generator,
Hille-Yosida theorem, Lumer-Phillips lemma, Trotter’s theorem,
10 54 Mins
Stone’s theorem.

Block II: Measure Theory; Marks 50 (SEE: 40; IA: 10)

Measures: Class of Sets, Measures, The extension Theorems
11 54 Mins
and Lebesgue-Stieltjes measures,
12 Caratheodory extension of measure, Completeness of measure. 54 Mins
Integrations: Measurable transformations, Induced measures,
13 54 Mins
distribution functions, Integration, More on Convergency.
14 Product of two measure spaces. Fubini’s theorem. 54 Mins
 15 Lp-spaces: Lp-Spaces, Dual spaces, 54 Mins
16 Banach and Hilbert spaces. 54 Mins
Decomposition and Differentiations: Signed and Complex
17 54 Mins
Measures
18 The Lebesgue-Radon-Nikodym theorem 54 Mins
Differentiation on absolute Continuity, Lebesgue
19 54 Mins
differentiation Theorem,
Functions of Bounded variations, Riesz representation
20 54 Mins
Theorem.
Total 18 Hours

References:

Block I:

1. R. F. Bass: Functional Analysis.

2. A. E. Taylor: Introduction to Functional Analysis.
3. E. Kreyszing: Introductory Functional Analysis with Applications.
4. B. V. Limaye: Functional Analysis.
5. A. N. Kolmogorov and S. V. Fomin: Elements of the Theory of Functions and Functional
Analysis.
6. P. K. Jain: Functional Analysis.
7. C. Bachman and L. Narici: Functional Analysis.
8. B. K. Lahiri: Elements of Functional Analysis.
9. W. Rudin: Functional Analysis.
10. S. K. Berbarian: Introduction to Hilbert Spaces.
11. G. F. Simons: Introduction to Topology and Analysis.

Block II:

1. K. B. Athreya and S. Lahiri: Measure Theory.

2. G. B. Folland: Real analysis, Mordern Techniques and their applications.
3. Stein and Sakarchy: Real Analysis,
4. T. Tao: Introduction to measure theory.

SEC 3.4
Computer Programming in C (Practical)
Marks: 50; Credits: 4
Sl No. Topic

Group A
Program to find the summation of natural numbers up to a given number
Program to evaluate the factorial of a given number
1
Program to generate all the terms of Fibonacci Series up to a certain number
Program to test whether a number is prime or not
Program for computation of the exponential series
2
Program for computation of the sine series
 Program for computation of the roots of a quadratic equation
Program to compute addition of two matrices
Program compute the multiplication of two matrices
Program to find the bubble sorting of some given numbers

Group B
Program to compute the least square approximate of a set of numbers
3 Program to compute the root of a given real function by Newton Raphson method
correct upto 5 decimal places
Program to compute a given integral using three point Gaussian Quadrature
4
Program to compute a given integral using Romberg formula
Program to find the numerically largest eigen value and the corresponding eigen
5
vector of a matrix
Program to find the solution of an initial value problem using Euler's Method
Program to find the solution of an initial value problem using RK-4 Method
6
Program to find the solution of first order ODE by Milne’s predictor-corrector
method

Practical Examination Related Criteria:

(i) Laboratory clearance should be taken by the students prior to commencement of Practical
Examination.
(ii) The Lab Assignment Dissertations of the students should be submitted prior to
commencement of Practical Examination.
(iii) Duration of practical examination will be 3 (Three) hours.
(iv) One External Examiner will be appointed by the Department for the Practical
Examination.

References:

Group A:

1. Programming in ANSI C: E. Balaguruswamy.

2. Let Us C: Y. Kanetkar.
3. Programming in C Language: B. S. Gottfred.
4. Mastering Algorithm in C: K. Loudon.
5. The C Programming Language:B.W. Kernighan and D. Ritchie.
6. C by Example: N. Kalicharan.

Group B:

1. B. S. Gottfred – Programming in C Language

4. C. K. Loudon – Mastering Algorithm in.
5. B.W. Kernighan and D. Ritchie – The C Programming Language
6. N. Kalicharan – C by Example
7. F. Scheid – Theory and Problems of Numerical Analysis.
8. C. Xavier – C Language and Numerical Methods.
9. E. Balagurusamy – Computer Oriented Statistical and Numerical Methods.
10. D. C. Sanyal, and K. Das – A Text Book of Numerical Analysis.
11. A. K. Mukhopadhyay – Introduction to Numerical Methods with Computer Programming.
12. M. K. Jain, S. R. K. Iyengar and R. K. Jain,– Numerical Methods for Scientific and
Engineering Computation.
 Semester IV
COR 4.1
Marks: 100; Credits: 6
Unit Topic Counselling
Duration

Block I: Discrete Mathematics; Marks 60 (SEE: 50; IA: 10)

1 Graph Theory: Definition of graphs, circuits, cycles, Subgraphs,

induced subgraphs, degree of a vertex, Connectivity. 54 Mins
2 Trees, Euler’s formula for connected graphs, Spanning trees, 54 Mins
Complete and complete bipartite graphs.
3 Planar graphs and their properties, Fundamental cut set and 54 Mins
cycles. Matrix representation of graphs,
4 Kuratowski’s theorem (statement only) and its use, Chromatic 54 Mins
index, chromatic numbers and stability numbers.
5 Lattices: Lattices as partial ordered sets. Their properties. Lattices 54 Mins
as algebraic system.
6 Sublattices. Direct products and Homomorphism. Some special 54 Mins
Lattices e.g. complete complemented and distributed lattices.
7 Boolean Algebra Basic Definitions, Duality, Basic theorems, 54 Mins
Boolean algebra as lattices.
8 Boolean functions, Sum and Product of Boolean algebra, Minimal 54 Mins
Boolean Expressions, Prime implicants Propositions and Truth
tables.
9 Logic gates and circuits, Applications of Boolean Algebra to 54 Mins
Switching theory (using AND, OR, & NOT gates), Karnaugh Map
method.
10 Combinatorics: Introduction, Basic counting principles, 54 Mins
Permutation and combination, pigeonhole principle, Recurrence
relations and generating functions.
11 Grammar and Language: Introduction, Alphabets, Words, Free 54 Mins
semi group, Languages,
12 Regular expression and regular languages. Finite Automata (FA). 54 Mins
Grammars.
13 Finite State Machine. Non-deterministic and deterministic FA. 54 Mins
Push Down Automation (PDA).
14 Equivalence of PDAs and Context Free Languages (CFLs),
Computable Functions.

Block II: Probability and Statistical Methods; Marks 40 (SEE: 30; IA: 10)
15 Fields and σ-fields of events. Probability as a measure. Random 54 Mins
variables. Probability distribution.
16 Expectation. Moments. Moment inequalities, Characteristic 54 Mins
function. Convergence of sequence of random variables-weak
convergence, strong convergence and convergence in distribution,
continuity theorem for characteristic functions. Weak and strong
law of large numbers. Central Limit Theorem.
 17 Definition and classification of stochastic processes. Markov 54 Mins
chains with finite and countable state space, classification of
states.
18 Statistical Inference, Estimation of Parameters, Minimum 54 Mins
Variance Unbiased Estimator, Method of Maximum Likelihood
for Estimation of a parameter.
19 Interval estimation, Method for finding confidence intervals, 54 Mins
Statistical hypothesis, Level of significance; Power of the test.
20 Analysis of variance, One factor experiments, Linear 54 Mins
mathematical model for ANOVA.
Total 18 Hours

References:

Block I:

1. J. P Tremblay and R. Manohar: Discrete Mathematical Structures with Applications to

Computers.
2. J. L. Gersting: Mathematical Structures for Computer Sciences.
3. S. Lepschutz: Finite Mathematics.
4. S. Wiitala: Discrete Mathematics – A Unified Approach.
5. J. E. Hopcroft and J. D. Ullman: Introduction to Automata Theory, Languages and
Computation.
6. C. L. Liu: Elements of Discrete Mathematics.
7. F. Harary: Graph Theory.
8. C. Berge: The Theory of Graphs and its Applications.
9. N. Deo: Graph Theory with Applications to Engineering and Computer Science.
10. K . D. Joshi: Foundation of Discrete Mathematics.
11. S. Sahani: Concept of Discrete Mathematics.
12. L. S. Levy: Discrete Structure in computer Science.
13. J. H. Varlist and R. M. Wilson: A course in Combinatorics.
14. J. E. Whitesitt: Boolean Algebra and its Applications.
15. G. E. Revesz: Introduction to Formal Languages.
16. G. Birkhoff and T. C. Bartee: Modern Applied Algebra.
17. K. L. P. Mishra and N. Chandrasekaran: Automata, Languages, and Computation
18. G. Gtratzer: Lattice Theory: Foundation.

Block II:

1. P. Billingsley:Probability and Measure, 3 rd Edition, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1995.
2. J. Rosenthal:A First Look at Rigorous Probability, World Scientific, Singapore, 2000.
3. K. B. Atreya and S.N. Lahiri:Measure Theory and Probability Theory, springer, 2006.
4. A.N. Shiryayev:Probability, 2 nd Edition, Springer, New York, 1995.
5. K.L. Chung:A Course in Probability Theory, Academic Press, New York, 1974.
6. B. R. Bhat.: Modern Probability Theory.
7. K. L. Chung: Elementary Probability Theory and Stochastic Processes.
8. A. M. Goon, M. K. Gupta &B. Dasgupta: An Outline of Statistical Theory (Vol 1 and 2).
9. T. W.Anderson: An Introduction to Multivariate Statistical Analysis.
10. C. R. Rao: Linear Statistical Inference and its Applications:.
Detailed Syllabi for the Optional
Courses

DSE4.2 & DSE4.3

Marks: 100; Credits: 6
 Optional Courses for both Pure and Applied
Streams
ADVANCED OPERATIONS RESEARCH I
Network Analysis– Network definitions, Minimal Spanning Tree Algorithm, Shortest Route
Algorithms, Max-flow Min-cut theorem, Genaralized Max-flow Min-cut theorem, linear
programming interpretation of Max-flow Min-cut theorem, minimum cost flows.A brief
introduction to PERT and CPM, Components of PERT/CPM Network and precedence
relationships, Critical path analysis, PERT analysis in controlling project.

Queueing Theory: Basic features of Queueing Systems, Operating characteristics of a

Queueing System, Arrival and Departure (birth and death) distributions, Inter-arrival and
service times distributions, Transient steady-state conditions in queueing process. Poisson
queueing models : (M / M / 1) : ( / FIFO / ) ; (M / M / 1) : (N / FIFO / ) ; (M / M / C) : ( /
FIFO / ) ; (M / M / C) : (N / FIFO / ), C N ; (M / M / R) : (K / GD / K), R < K– machine
servicing model;

Simulation: A brief introduction to simulation, Advantages of simulations over traditional

search methods, Limitations of simulation techniques, Computational aspects of simulating a
system, random number generation in stochastic simulation, Monte-Carlo simulation and
modelling aspects of a system, Simulation approaches to inventory and queueing systems.

Linear Multi-Objective Programming (LMOP) : Conversion of LMOP to linear

programming, Minsumand Priority based Goal Programming (GP) approaches to LMOP
problems, Fuzzy Set -Theoretic approaches to GP Problems.

Hierarchical Decision Analysis: Introduction to Bilevel Programming (BLP) and Multilevel

Programming (MLP), Fuzzy Programming approaches to BLP problems.

Genetic Algorithms (GAs): Introduction to GAs, Robustness of GAs over traditional search
methods. Binary encodings of candidate solutions, Schema Theorem and Building Block
Hypothesis, Genetic operators – crossover and mutation, parameters for GAs, Reproduction
mechanism for producing Offspring, Darwinian Principle in evaluating objective function,
Simple GA schemes, GA approaches to optimization problems.

Reference:

1. Operations Research – K. Swarup, P. K. Gupta and Man Mohan.

2. Operations Research – H. A. Taha.
3. Operations Research – S. D. Sharma.
4. Introduction to Operations Research – A. Frederick, F. S. Hillier and G. J. Lieberman.
5. Optimization Theory and Applications – S. S. Rao.
6. Engineering Optimization: Theory and Practice – S. S. Rao
7. Optimization Methods in Operation Research – K. V. Mital.
8. Inventory Control – J. Jonson and D. Montogomer.
9. Analysis of Inventory Systems – G. Haddly and T. M. Within.
10. Queuing Theory – J. A. Panico.
11. Introduction to Theory of Queues – L. Takacs.
12. Linear Programming in Single and Multiple Objective System – J. P. Ignizio.
13. Decisions with Multiple Objectives – R. L. Keeney and H. Raiffs.
14. Linear Goal Programming – M. J. Schniederjans.
15. Linear Multiobjective Programming – M. Zeleny.
16. Multi-objective Programming and Goal Programming: Theory and Applications – T.
Tanino, T. Tanaka and M. Inuiguchi.
17. Multi-objective Programming and Goal Programming: Theory and Applications – M.
Tamiz.
18. Goal Programming and Extensions – J. P. Ignizio.
19. Handbook of Critical Issues in Goal Programming – C. Romero.
20. Fuzzy Multiple Objective Decision Making – Y. J. Lai and C. L. Hwang.
21. Fuzzy Set Theory and its Applications – H. J. Zimmermann.
22. Genetic Algorithms in Search, Optimization and Machine Learning – D. E. Goldberg.
23. An Introduction to Genetic Algorithms – M. Mitchell.
24. Genetic Algorithms – K. F. Man, K. S. Tang and S. Kwong.
25. Genetic Algorithms + Data Structures = Evolution Programs – Z. Michalewicz.
26. Adaptation in Natural and Artificial Systems - J. H. Holland.

ADVANCED OPERATIONS RESEARCH II

Information Theory: Information concept, expected information, Measure of information
and characterisation, units of information, bivariate information theory, economic relations
involving conditional probabilities, Entropy and properties of entropy function, units of
entropy, Joint, conditional and relative entropy, Mutual information, Conditional Mutual
information, Conditional relative entropy, Convex-concave function, Information inequality,
Log-sum inequality, Channel capacity, Redundancy.

Coding theory: Communication system, encoding and decoding, Shannon-Fano encoding

procedure, Haffman encoding procedure, noiseless coding theory, noisy coding, error
detection and correction, minimum distance decoding, family of codes, Linear code,
Hammimg code, cyclic code, Golay code, BCH codes, Reed-Muller code, perfect code, codes
and design, Linear codes and their dual, weight distribution.

Markovian Decision Process: Markov chain, stochastic matrices, Power of stochastic

matrices, regular matrices, Ergodic matrices, State transition diagram, imbedded Markov
Chain method for Steady State solution.

Reliability theory: Elements of Reliability theory, failure rate, extreme value distribution,
analysis of stochastically falling equipments including the reliability function, reliability and
growth model, MTTF, Linear increasing hazard rate, System reliability, Series configuration,
Parallel configuration, Mixed configuration, Redundancy.

Geometric Programming (GP): Posynomial, Signomial, Degree of difficulty,

Unconstrained minimization problems, Solution using Differential Calculus, Solution seeking
Arithmetic-Geometric inequality, Primal dual relationship & sufficiency conditions in the
unconstrained case, Constrained minimization, Solution of a constrained Geometric
Programming problem, Geometric programming with mixed inequality constrains,
Complementary Geometric programming.

Theory of Inventory Control: A brief introduction to Inventory Control, Single-item

deterministic models without shortages and with shortages, inventory models with price
breaks. Dynamic Demand Inventory Models.

Single-item stochastic models without Set-up cost and with Set-up cost.

Multi-item inventory models with the limitations on warehouse capacity, Average inventory
capacity, Capital investment.

References:
1. An Introduction to Information Theory – F. M. Reza.
2. Operations Research: An Introduction – P. K. Gupta and D.S. Hira.
3. Graph Theory with Applications to Engineering and Computer Science – N. Deo.
4. Operations Research –K. Swarup, P. K. Gupta and Man Mohan.
5. Coding and Information Theory – Steven Roman.
6. Coding Theory, A First Course – San Ling r choaping Xing.
7. Introduction to Coding Theory – J. H. Van Lint
8. The Theory of Error Correcting Codes – Mac William and Sloane.
9. Information and Coding Theory – Grenth A. Jones and J. Marry Jones.
10. Information Theory, Coding and Cryptography – Ranjan Bose.

FUZZY SETS AND SYSTEMS

Operations on Fuzzy Sets: Fuzzy complements, axioms of fuzzy complements, equilibrium,
dual point, characterization theorem of fuzzy complements, increasing and decreasing
generators. t-norms, t-conorms, their axioms and corresponding characterization theorems,
dual triple.

Fuzzy Relations: Fuzzy equivalence relations, fuzzy Compatibility relations, fuzzy ordering
relations, fuzzy morphisms, projections and cylindric extensions.

Defuzzification of Fuzzy Numbers: Definition, Different types of defuzzification

techniques.

Fuzzy Logic: A brief review of Classical logic, fuzzy propositions, fuzzy quantifiers, fuzzy
inference rules, inferences from fuzzy propositions.

Possibility Theory: Fuzzy measures, evidence theory, belief measures and plausibility
measures, possibility theory, necessity measures, possibility measures, possibility
distributions, fuzzy sets and possibility theory, possibility theory versus probability theory.

Fuzzy Decision Making: Introduction to decision- making in Fuzzy environment. Individual

decision making, multi-person decision making, multicriteria decision making, fuzzy ranking
methods, fuzzy linear programming, multiobjective fuzzy programming.
Variants of Fuzzy Sets: Concepts of non-membership, Intuitionistic Fuzzy Sets,
Pythagorean Fuzzy Sets, q-rung orthopair fuzzy sets.

References:
1. The Importance of Being Fuzzy – A. Sangalli.
2. Fuzzy Sets and Fuzzy Logic Theory and Applications – G. J. Klir and B. Yuan.
3. Introduction to Fuzzy Arithmetic Theory and Applications – A. Kaufmann and M. M.
Gupta.
4. Fuzzy Sets and Systems – D. Dubois and H. Prade.
5. Fuzzy Set Theory – R. Lowen.
6. A First Course in Fuzzy Logic – H. T. Nguyen and E. A. Walker.
7. Fuzzy Logic – J. E. Baldwin.
8. Fuzzy Set Theory and Its Applications – H. J. Zimmermann.
9. Fuzzy Set, Fuzzy Logic, Applications – G. Bojadziev, M. Bojadziev.
10. Fuzzy Logic for Planning and Decision Making – F. A. Lootsma.

Optional Courses for Applied Stream Only

ADVANCED SOLID MECHANICS
Elastostatics: Orthogonal curvilinear coordinates. Strain and rotation components,
dilatation.Equations of motion in terms of dilatation and rotation. Stress equations of motion.
Radial displacement.Spherical shell under internal and external pressures, gravitating
sphere.Displacement symmetrical about an axis.Cylindrical tube under pressure, rotating
cylinder.

Problems of semi-infinite solids with displacements or stresses prescribed on the plane

boundary.

Variational methods.Theorems of minimum potential energy.Betti-Raylegh reciprocal

theorem.Use of minimum principle in the case of deflection of elastic string of central line of
a beam.

Equilibrium of thin plates.Boundary conditions.Approximate theory of thin

plates.Application to thin circular plates.

Elastodynamics: Waves in isotropic elastic solid medium. Surface waves, e.g. Rayleigh and
Love waves. Kinematical and dynamical conditions in relation to the motion of a surface of
discontinuity.Poisson’s and Kirchoff’s solutions of the characteristic wave equation.

Radial and rotatory vibration of a solid and hollow sphere.Radial and torsional vibration of a
circular cylinder.

Transverse vibration of plates, Basic differential equations. Vibration of a rectangular plate

with simply supported edges. Free vibration of a circular plate.
Plasticity: Basic concepts and yield criteria. Prandtl-Reyss theory, Stress-strain relations of
Von-Mises.Hencky’s theory of small deformation.

Torsion of cylindrical bars of circular and oval sections.Bending of a prismatic bar of narrow
rectangular cross-section by terminal couple.Spherical and cylindrical shell under internal
pressure.Plastic deformation of flat rings.

Slip lines and plastic flow. Plastic mass pressed between two parallel planes.

References:
1. Sokolnikoff I. S: Mathematical Theory of Elasticity.
2. Love A.E. H. :A Treastise on the Mathematical Theory of Elasticity.
3. Fung Y.C.: Foundations of Solid Mechanics.
4. Timoshenko S. and Goodier N: Theory of Elasticity.
5. Ghosh. P.K: Waves and Vibrations.
6. Prager, N and Hodge, P.G. :Theory of Perfectly Plastic Solids.
7. Southwell, R. V: Theory of Elasticity.

ADVANCED FLUID MECHANICS

Incompressible fluid: Elementary theory of aerofoils: Kutta - Joukowski’s theorem.

Joukowski’s hypothesis.Joukowski’s, Karmann-Trefftz and Mises family of profiles.
Theory of discontinuous potential motion.Kirchhof’s method of solving problems of two-
dimensional motion with free streamlines.Levi - Cevita’s method.Concept of a vortex
sheet.Karmann’s vortex sheet and its stability.Karmann’s formula for resistance due to a
vortex wake.

Prandtl boundary layer.Boundary layer equations.Blasius solution.Boundary layer

parameters.

Compressible fluid: Polytropic gas and its entropy. Adiabatic and isentropic
flow.Propagation of small disturbance. Bernoulli’s integral. Isentropic flow of a perfect
gas.Subsonic and supersonic flow.Mach numbers and critical speeds.Mach lines.Normal and
oblique shock waves. Steady isentropic irrotational flow. Prandtl - Maye flow.Hodograph
equations, characteristic of steady flow in the real and hodograph plane.

Viscous flow: Navier-Stokes equations in orthogonal curvilinear coordinates. Dissipation of

energy.Hydrodynamical theory of lubrication.Principle of similitude.Two – dimensional
motion of viscous liquid (equation satisfied by the stream function).Hamel’s equation and its
solution.Diffusion of vorticity from a line vortex.Stokes and Lamboseen’s solutions.Prandtl
equation of boundary layer. Steady plane and circular jets.

Turbulent flow: Mean values. Reynolds theory.Mixing length theories. Momentum transfer
theory. Taylor’s vorticity transfer theory. Karmann’s similarity hypothesis.Applications to the
solutions of (i) mixing zone between two parallel flows, (ii) motion in a 65 plane jet.Prandtl
1/7power law and its application to turbulent boundary layer over a flat- plate.
References:
1. Goldstein, A: Modern Development in Fluid Mechanics (Vol. I & II).
2. Lamb, H.: Hydrodynamics.
3. Milne-Thomson, L. M: Theoretical Hydrodynamics.
4. Pai, S. I.: Viscous Flow Theory (Vol. I & II).
5. Landau L. D. and Lifshitz E. M.: Fluid Mechanics.
6. Schlichting H.: Boundary Layer Theory.
7. Young, A. D: Boundary Layers.
8. Batchelor, G. K.: An Introduction to Fluid Mechanics.
9. Pai, S.I.: Theory of Jets, Turbulent Flow.

COMPUTATIONAL FLUID MECHANICS

A brief Introduction to Computational Fluid Mechanics.

Stationary convection: Diffusion equation (finite volume discretization schemes of positive

type, upwind discretization).

Nonstationary convection: Diffusion equation: Stability. Discrete maximum principle.

Incompressible Navier-Stokes (NS) equations: Boundary conditions. Spatial and temporal

discretization on collocated and on staggered grids.

Iterative method: Stationary methods. Krylov subspace methods. Multigrid methods. Fast
position solvers. Iterative methods for incompressible NS equations.

Shallow water equations: One - and two-dimensional cases.

Scalar conservation laws: Godunov’s order Barrier Theorem. Linear Schemes.

Euler equation in one space dimension: Analytic aspects. Approximate Riemann solver.
Osher scheme. Flux splitting schemes. Stability.James-Schmidt-Turkel scheme. Higher order
scheme.

Discretization in general domains: Boundary fitted grids. Equations of motion in general

coordinates. Numerical solution of Euler equation in general coordinates. Numerical solution
of NS equations in general domains.

Unified methods: computation of compressible and incompressible flow.

References:
1. Wesseling, P: Principle of Computational Fluid Dynamics.
2. Anderson, J. D.: Principle of Computational Fluid Dynamics;The Basics with
Applications.
3. Wendt, J. F., Anderson J. D., Degrez G. and Dick E.: Principle of Computational Fluid
Dynamics.
4. Ferziger, J. H. and Peric, M.: Computational Methods for Fluid Dynamics.
 MAGNETO-FLUID MECHANICS

Fundamental equations: Maxwell’s electromagnetic field equations. Basic Magneto-Fluid

Dynamics (MFD) equations.Energy conservation equation.Equations for infinitely
conducting medium.Lundquist equations.Properties of MFD equations, Magnetic Reynolds
number.Boundary conditions.Alfven’s wave.Magnetic body force.Ferraro’s law of
isorotation.

Incompressible magneto-hydrodynamic flow: Parallel steady flow. One–dimensional

steady viscous flow. Isentropic and homentropic flows. Hartmann and Couette flows.

Characteristics of MFD waves: Characteristic equation. Characteristic

determinant.Magneto hydrodynamic waves. Fast, slow, transverse and entropy waves.

MFD shock waves, and Jump relation: The generalized Hugoniot condition. The
compressive nature of magneto hydrodynamic shocks.Mach number, Subsonic and
supersonic flows.Sub and super Alfvenic waves.

MFD Stability: Normal mode analysis of stability for infinitely conducting, inviscid and
incompressible medium. Rayleigh-Taylor and Kelvin -Helmholtz instabilities in presence of
horizontal magnetic field.Capillary instability of a jet in presence of axial magnetic
field.Stability of pinch. Principle of exchange instability – marginal stability analysis of a
layer of fluid heated from below in presence of uniform magnetic field and gravity
perpendicular to the boundary.

References:
1. Jeffrey, A.: Magneto Hydrodynamics.
2. Cowling, T. G.: Magneto Hydrodynamics.
3. Ferraro, V. C. A. and Plumpton. C.: An Introduction to Magnetofluid Mechanics.
4. Pai, S. I: Magnetogas Dynamics and Plasma Dynamics.
5. Cramer, K. R. and Pai S. I.: Magnetofluid Dynamics for Engineers and Physicists.
6. Shercliff, J. A.: Magnetohydrodynamics.
7. Bansal, J. L.: Magnetofluid Dynamics of Viscous Fluids.

PLASMA PHYSICS

Field of a moving point charge: Radiation from an accelerated charge. Radiation

power.Damping force of radiation.Lagrangian and Hamiltonian for the motion of a charge
particle in electromagnetic field.

Non-relativistic motion: Non–relativistic motion of charged particles in electric and

magnetic fields. Gradient and curvature drifts.

Basic Plasma properties: Waves in unmagnetized and cold magnetized Plasmas. Radiation
from plasma-the Bremsstratilung and Synchrotron radiation.Stream instabilities in cold
plasma.
Collision processes in plasmas: Two-body elastic collisions. Two-particle Coulomb
interaction.Tomson and Rayleigh scattering.Cerencov radiation.

Small amplitude waves in plasmas: Linearized equations. Anisotropy of magnetized

plasmas.Appleton-Hartree equation.Dielectric and conductivity tensors.Electromagnetic field
in dissipative plasmas.

Kinetic approach-Linearized Vlasov equations: Small amplitude Oscillations- Landau

damping.

Derivation of MHD equations: General properties, e.g. generalization of Bernoulli’s and

Kelvin’s theorems, diamagnetic drifts and currents. Double-adiabatic theory for collisionless
plasma- the Chew-Goldberger-low (CGL) equations.

Space and astrophysical plasmas: Structuring of plasmas in solar system and

magnetospheres. Magnetic reconnections.Double layers and particle acceleration.Solar wind-
magnetosphere-Ionosphere intersection.Solar wind intersection with smaller bodies.

Dusty plasmas: Dusty plasmas and the role of dust in stellar environment, galactic and
planetary systems.

References:
1. Jackson, J. D: Classical Electrodynamics.
2. Jones, D. S: Theory of Electromagnetism.
3. Landau, L. D. and Lifshitz E. M: Classical Theory of Fields.
4. Panofsky, W. K. H. and Philips M: Classical Theory of Fields.
5. Kompanoyets, A.S: Theoretical Physics.
6. Alfven, H. and Falthamman, C. A: Cosmical Electrodynamics.
7. Chandrasekher, S: Plasma Physics.
8. Thomson, W.B: An Introduction to Plasma Physics.
9. Clemmow, P.C. and Dougherty J. P: Electrodynamics of Particles and Plasma.
10. Chakraborty, B: Principles of Plasma Mechanics.

MATHEMATICS OF FINANCE & INSURANCE

Mathematics of Finance (SEE: 40; IA: 10)

Financial derivatives: An introduction. Types of financial derivatives – forwards and

futures.Option and its kinds; and SWAPS. The Arbitrage Theorem and Introduction to
Portfolio selection and capital Market Theory: Static and Continuous – Time model.

Pricing by Arbitrage: A single –period option pricing model; Multi – period pricing model
– Cox – Ross – Rubinstein model; Bounds on option prices. The Ito’s lemma and the Ito’s
integral.
Dynamics of derivative prices: Stochastic differential equations (SDEs) –Major models of
SDEs, Linear constant coefficient SDEs, Geometric SDEs, Square root process, Mean
reverting process and Omstein- Uhlenbeck process.

Martingale measures and risk-neutral probabilities: Pricing of binomial options with

equivalent martingle measures.

The Black-Scholes option pricing: Model with no arbitrage approach, limiting case of
binomial option pricing and risk –neutral probabilities.

The American Option pricing: Extended trading strategies. Analysis of American put
options; early exercise premium and relation of free boundary problem.

Mathematics of Insurance (SEE: 40; IA: 10):

Concepts from insurance: Introduction. The claim number process.The claim size
process.Solvability of the portfolio. Reinsurance and ruin problem.

Premium and ordering of risks: Premium calculation principles and ordering distributions.

Distribution of aggregate claim amount: Individual and collective model. Compound

distribution. Claim number of distribution. Recursive computation methods.Lundberg bounds
and approximation by compound distributions.

Risk processes: Time-dependent risk models. Poisson arrival processes. Ruin probabilities
and bounds asymptotic and approximation.

Time dependent risk models: Ruin problems and computations of ruin functions. Dual
queuing models in continuous time and numerical evaluation of ruin functions.

References:
1. Hull, J. C. – Options, Futures and other Derivatives.
2. Ross, S. M. – An Introduction to Mathematical Finance.
3. Neftci, S. N. – An Introduction to Mathematical Financial Derivatives.
4. Elliott, R. J. and Kopp, P. E. – Mathematics of Financial Markets.
5. Merton, R. C. Continuous – Time Finance.
6. Daykin, C. D., Pentikainen, T. and Pesonen, M. – Practical Risk Theory for Actuaries.
7. Rolski, T., Schmidli, H., Schmidt, V. and Teugels, J. – Stochastic Processes for Insurance
and Finance.

SEISMOLOGY

Vibrations and Waves: Theory of elastic waves in perfectly elastic media. Vibration and
waves.Seismological considerations. Plane waves Standing waves. Dispersion of
waves.Energy in plane wave motion.General solution of wave equation.

Bodily elastic waves: P wave (P-Wave) and Secondary wave (S- waves). The effect of
gravity fluctuations.Effect of deviation from perfect elasticity.The Jeffereys–Lomnitz Law.
Surface elastic waves: Surface waves along the plane boundary between two homogeneous
perfectly elastic media. Rayleigh waves. Love waves. Dispersion curves. Rayliegh waves in
presence of a surface layer. Seismic surface waves.

Reflection and refraction of elastic waves: Laws of reflection and refraction. General
equations for the two media.Case of incident Surface Horizontal (SH-wave), P-wave and
Surface Vertical (SV-wave) incident against free plane boundary.Reflection and refraction of
seismic waves. Lamb’s problem-line load suddenly applied on elastic half-space. Refraction
of dispersed waves.

Seismic rays in a spherically stratified earth model: The parameter p of a seismic ray.
Relation between p, Δ,T for a given family of rays. Features of the relations between Δ and T
corresponding to certain assigned types of variation with r. Derivation of the P-and S-velocity
distributions from the (T, Δ) relations. Special velocity distributions, e.g. curvature of a
seismic ray, rays in a homogeneous medium, circular rays.

Amplitude of the surface motion due to seismic waves: Energy per unit area of wave front
in an emerging wave. Relation between energy and amplitude Movements of the outer
surface arising from an incident wave of given amplitude. Amplitude as a function of Δ. Loss
of energy.

Travel-time analysis: Parameters of earthquakes. Epicentral distance and azimuth of an

observing station from an epicentre.Theory of the evolution of the main P travel-time table.

Seismology and the earth’s upper layers and interior Positions:Theory of travel-times
near earthquakes. Physical properties of earth’s upper layers.Discontinuities within the earth.

References:
1. Byerlg, P.: Seismology.
2. Richter, C. F.: Elementary Seismology
3. Love, A. E. H.: Some Problems of Geodynamics.
4. Bullen, K. E.: An Introduction to the Theory of Seismology.
5. Bath, M.: Theory of Seismology.

COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY

A brief review of computational aspects molecular biology.

Basic concepts of molecular biology: DNA and proteins. The central dogma.Gene and
Genome sequences.

Restriction maps: Graphs. Interval graphs. Measuring fragment sizes.

Algorithms for double digest problem (DDP): Algorithms, and complexity Analysis.
Mathematical programming approaches to DDP: Integer programming. Partition
problems.Travelling Salesman Problem (TSP).Simulated Annealing (SA).

Sequence assembly: Sequencing strategies. Assembly in practices, fragment overlap

statistics, fragment alignment, sequence accuracy.
Sequence comparisons methods: Local and global alignment. Dynamic programming
solution method.Multiple sequence alignment.

Stochastic Approach to sequence alignment and sequence pattern-Hidden: Markov chain

method for biological sequences.

References:
1. Waterman, M. S.: Introduction to Computational Biology.
2. Baxevanis, A. and Ouelette, B.: Bioinformatics-A Practical Guide to the Analysis of Genes
and Proteins.
3. Floudas, C. A.: Nonlinear and Mixed -Integer Optimization.
4. Bellman, R. and Krush, R.: Dynamic Programming – Biblography of Theory and
Applications.
5. Bellman, R. and Dreyfus, S. E.: Applied Dynamic Programming.
6. Rao, S. S.: Engineering Optimization.
7. Devis, L.: Genetic Algorithms and Simulated Annealing.

MATHEMATICAL BIOLOGY

Diffusion Model: The general balance law, Fick’s law, diffusivity of motile bacteria.

Models for Developmental Pattern Formation: Background, model formulation, spatially

homogeneous and inhomogeneous solutions, Turing model, conditions for diffusive stability
and instability, pattern generation with single species model.

Effect of Nutrients on autotroph-herbivore interaction: Introduction, Models on nutrient

recycling and its stability, Effect of nutrients on autotroph herbivore stability, Models on
herbivore nutrient recycling on autotrophic production. Models on phytoplankton-
zooplankton system and its stability, Bio-control in plankton models with nutrient
recycling.Leslie-Gower predator-prey model with different functional responses.

Continuous models for three or more interacting populations: Food chain models.
Stability of food chains.Species harvesting in competitive environment, Economic aspects of
harvesting in predator-prey systems.

Interaction of Ratio-dependent models: Introduction, May’s model, ratio-dependent

models of two interacting species, two prey- one predator system with ratio-dependent
predator influence- its stability and persistence.

Microbial population model: Microbial growth in a chemostat. Stability of steady

states.Growth of microbial population.Product formation due to microbial action.Competition
for a growth- rate limiting substrate in a chemostat.

Deterministic Epidemic Models: Recurrent epidemics, Seasonal variation in infection rate,

allowance of incubation period. Simple model for the spatial spread of an epidemic.
Proportional Mixing Rate in Epidemic: SIS model with proportional mixing rate, SIRS model
with proportional mixing rate. Epidemic model with vaccination.
Stochastic Epidemic Models: Introduction, stochastic simple epidemic model, Yule-Furry
model (pure birth process), expectation and variance of infective, calculation of expectation
by using moment generating function.

Eco-Epidemiology: Predator-prey model in the presence of infection, viral infection on

phytoplankton-zooplankton (prey-predator) system.

Models for Population Genetics: Introduction, basic model for inheritance of genetic
characteristic, Hardy-Wienberg law, models for genetic improvement, selection and
mutation- steady state solution and stability theory.

References:
1. J.D.Murray: Mathematical Biology, Springer and Verlag.
2. Mark Kot: Elements of Mathematical Ecology, Cambridge Univ. Press.
3. Leach Edelstein-Keshet: Mathematical Models in Biology, Birkhauser Mathematics Series.
4. F. Verhulust: Nonlinear Differential Equations and Dynamical Systems, Springer-Verlag.
5. R. M. May: Stability and Complexity in Model Ecosystem.
6. N.T.J.Bailey: The Mathematical Theory of Infectious Diseases and its Application, 2nd
edn. London.
7. H. I. Freedman - Deterministic Mathematical Models in Population Ecology.
8. L.A.Segel (1984): Mpodelling Dynamical Phenomena in Molecular Biology, Cambridge
University Press.
9. Vincenzo Capasso (1993): Lecture Notes in Mathematical Biology (Vol. No. 97)-
Mathematical Structures of Epidemic Systems, Springer Verlag.
10. Eric Renshaw (1990): Modelling Biological Populations in Space and Time, Cambridge
Univ. Press.
11. Busenberg and Cooke (1993): Vertically Transmitted Diseases- Models and Dynamics,
Springer Verlag.

DYNAMICAL OCEANOGRAPHY

Hydrothermic equations of seawater.Gibbs relation, Gibbs-Duhem relation, heat capacities,

Vaisala frequency, Determination of the thermodynamic properties of seawater.

Equations of motion of seawater.Conservation of mass and diffusion of salt.Kinematic free

surface condition taking mass exchange into account. Equation of motion of seawater
considered a viscous compressible fluid referred to a frame rotating with the earth. Energy
transport equation. Thermodynamic energy equation. Entropy transfer equation. The closure
problem and relation between thermodynamic fluxes and gradients of t, p, s. Properties and
consequences of the adiabatic equations.Ertel’s formula, potential vorticity and Rossby
principle.Approximation of the basic equations - Boussinesq and linear -approximation,
Quasi-geostrophic equations.

Wave motions in the ocean. General properties of plane and nearly plane waves.Linearised
small-amplitude waves under gravity in rotating stratified ocean-simple gyroscopic and
internal waves, internal gravity waves, plane waves, the energetic of plane waves. Long wave
equation for a continuously stratified fluid.Wave reflection and wave trapping by lateral
boundaries. Nonlinear surface waves: the Stokes approximation, finite-amplitude wave in
shallow water. The solitary wave.
Turbulence: Basic concept. Time-averaged form of the momentum and continuity equations
for incompressible flow. Eddy coefficients and their estimations. Elementary examples of the
application of eddy coefficients.Salinity tongue in an ocean at rest.

Currents in the ocean.Quasi-static approximation.Geostrophic motion in a stratified

ocean.Helland-Hansen formula. Stationary accelerate currents. Steady wind-driven currents
in a homogeneous ocean. Wind-drift.Characterization of horizontal and vertical motion.
Equation satisfied by the total flow function. Sverdrup’s curl relation.Western boundary
current.Munk’s formula.Sverdrup’s study of wind driven current in a baroclinic
ocean.Munk’s theory of wind-driven ocean circulation.

Tides and storm surges.Statistical theory of tides. Tidal harmonics channel theory of tides.

References:
1. P. H. Leblond and L. A. Mysak: Waves in the Ocean.
2. J. Pedlosky: Geophysical Fluid Dynamics.
3. V. M. Kamenkovch: Fundamentals of Ocean Dynamics.
4. O. M. Philips: Dynamics of the Upper Ocean.

APPLIED FUNCTIONAL ANALYSIS

Review of basic properties of Hilbert spaces.

Convex programming: Support functional of a convex set. Minkowski functional,

Separation theorem.Kuhn-Tucker optimality theorem.Mini-Max theorem.Farkas theorem.

Spectral theory of operators: Spectral theory of compact operators. Operators on a

separable Hilbert space.Krein factorization theorem for continuous kernels and its
consequences.l2 spaces over Hilbert spaces. Multilinear forms. Analyticity
theorem.Nonlinear Volterra operators.

Semigroups of linear operators: General properties of semigroups. Generation of

semigroups.Dissipative semigroups.Compact semigroups.Holomorphic
semigroups.Elementary examples of semigroups.Extensions.Differential equations.Cauchy
problem.Controllability.State reduction.Observability.Stability and stabilizability.Evaluation
equations.

Optional control theory: Linear quadratic regulator problems with finite and infinite time
intervals. Concept of hard constraints.Final value control.Time optimal control problems.

References:
1. A. V. Balakrishnan: Applied Functional Analysis.
2. N. Dunford and J. T. Schwartz: Linear Operators, Vols. I & II.
3. S. G. Krein: Linear Differential Equations in a Banach Space.
4. K. Yosida: Functional Analysis.
5. M. Avriel: Nonlinear Programming – Analysis and Methods.
6. L. Mangasarian: Nonlinear Programming.
7. S, S. Rao: Optimization – Theory and Applications.
8. E. Kreyszing: Introductory Functional Analysis with Applications.
9. D. H. Grieffel: Applied Functional Analysis.
10. J. Zabczyk: Mathematical Control Theory – An Introduction.
11. W. L. Brogan: Modern Control Theory.
12. H. Kwakernaak and R. Sivan: Linear Optimal Control Systems.
13. A. Isidori: Nonlinear Control Systems.
14. S. G. Tzafestas: Methods and Applications of Intelligent Control.

ADVANCED NUMERICAL ANALYSIS

(THEORY & PRACTICAL)

Advanced Numerical Analysis: Theory (SEE: 50; IA: 12)

Interpolation: Newton’s bivariate interpolation Triangular interpolation, Bilinear
interpolation. Approximation: Rational approximation, Continued fraction approximation,
Pade approximation. Solution of polynomial equation: Birge-Vieta method, Bairstaw method.

Solution of linear system of equations: Direct methods: Cholosky method, Partition

method, error estimations. Iterative methods: Different iterative schemes, Optimal relaxation
parameter for SOR method, Convergence analysis.

Eigen value problems of real symmetric matrices: Bounds of Eigenvalues, Householder’s

method, Given’s method, Inverse power method.

Solution of nonlinear system of equations: Newton’s method, Steepest- Descent method,

Convergence analysis.

Numerical solution of boundary value problems of Ordinary differential equations:

Finite-difference method, Newton-Raphson method (second order equation), error
estimations.

Numerical solution of partial differential equations: Introduction to Elliptic, Parabolic and

Hyperbolic equations. Explicit methods: Schmidt method, Dufort-Frankel method,
Convergence and stability analysis. Implicit methods: Crank-Nicolson method, convergence
and stability analysis, Matrix method.

Numerical solution of integral equations: Finite - difference method, Cubic spline method,
Method using Generalized quadrature.

Finite Element Methods: Introduction to Finite Element methods. Weighted residual

methods: Least square method, Partition method, Variational method: Ritz method.

Finite elements: Line segment element, Triangular element, Rectangular element, Curved-
boundary element.

Finite element methods: Ritz finite element method, Least square finite element method,
Convergence, Completeness and Compatibility analysis. Boundary value problems in
ordinary differential equations: Mixed boundary conditions - Galerkin method.
References:
1. E. V. Krishnamurthy and S. K. Sen: Numerical Algorithms Computations in Science and
Engineering.
2. Hildebrand, F. B: An Introduction to Numerical Analysis.
3. Atkinson, K. E.: An Introduction to Numerical Analysis.
4. Collatz, L.: Functional Analysis and Numerical Mathematics.
5. Fox, L.: Numerical Solution of Ordinary and Partial Differential Equations.
6. Ames, W. F.: Numerical Methods of Partial Differential Equations.
7. Strang, G., Fix, G.: An Analysis of the Finite Element Methods.
8. Zienkiewiez, O. C.: The Finite Element Methods in Structural and Continuum Mechanics.
9. Jain, M. K.,Iyengar, S. R. K., Jain, R. K.: Numerical Methods for Scientific and
Engineering Computations.
10. Jain, M. K.: Numerical Solution of Differential Equations.
11. Baker, C. T. H. and Phillips, C.: The Numerical Solution of Non-linear Problems.
12. Row, S. S.: Finite Element Methods in Engineering.

Advanced Numerical Analysis: Practical (SEE: 30*; IA: 08)

(*Laboratory Assignment = 5 marks + Viva- Voce = 5 marks
+ Compilation and Execution of Two Problems = 20 marks)

1. Newton’s method for finding real roots of simultaneous equations.

2. Graeffee’s Root-squaring method (up to biquadratic).
3. Bairstow’s method (up to biquadratic).
4. Q–D (Quotient-Difference) method.
5. Matrix inversion: Cholesky method.
6. Eigen value problems: Jacobi’s method, Inverse Power method.
7. Numerical Solution of ODEs: Explicit and implicit R–K (Runge–Kutta) methods,
Predictor–Corrector methods, Adams’ method.

8. Boundary value problems: Finite- difference method.

9. Numerical solutions of PDEs: Crank – Nicolson method.
10. Cubic Spline interpolation using the General Form.
11. Integral equation: Monte – Carlo method.

Practical Examination Related Criteria:

(i) Laboratory clearance be taken by the students prior to commencement of practical
examination.
(ii) The Lab. Assignment Dissertations of the students be submitted prior to commencement
of practical examination.
(iii) Duration of practical examination will be 4 (Four) hours.
(iv) One external examiner be appointed for practical examination.

References:
1. Krishnamurthy, E. V. and S. K. Sen: Numerical Algorithms Computations in Science and
Engineering.
2. Balaguruswamy, E.: Programming in ANSI C.
3. Xavier, C: C and Numerical Methods.

COMPRESSIBLE FLUID DYNAMICS

Compressible Fluid: Compressibility of Fluids, System and Control Volume,

Thermodynamic Process and Cycle, Laws of Thermodynamics, Stored Energy and Energy in
Transition, Entropy, Isothermal-Adiabatic and Isentropic process, Perfect gas.

Conservation Laws for Compressible Fluids: Extensive and intensive properties,

Conservation of mass and Continuity equation, Conservation of Momentum and Momentum
equation, Conservation of Energy and Energy equation.

Basic Concepts of Compressible Flow: Velocity of Sound, Mach Number, Subsonic and
Supersonic Flow, Stagnation Condition, Relation between Stagnation and Static Properties,
Kinetic form of Steady Flow Energy Equation, Critical Speed of Sound, Stream Thrust and
Impulse Function.

Isentropic Flow: Governing equations, Effect of Area Variation, Nozzle, Diffuser, Choking,
Isentropic Flow Relations, Differential Equations in terms of Area variation and Solution.

Normal Shock Waves: Compression Wave and Expansion Wave, Governing Equations for
Normal Shock Waves, Hugonoit Curve, Prandtl-Meyer Equation, Mach Number Downstream
of Normal Shock, Property Ratios across Normal Shock, Stagnation to Static Pressure Ratios,
Change in Entropy across Normal Shock, Rankine-Hugonoit Relations.

Oblique Shock Waves: Compression Shock Wave and Expansion Fan, Upstream and
Downstream Velocity Triangles, Oblique Shock Relations, Deflection and Wave Angle,
Prandtl Velocity Equation for Oblique Shock Wave, Mach Lines, Prandtl-Meyer Flow,
Prandtl-Meyer Angle.

Rocket Propulsion: Rocket Propulsion Parameters, Effective Jet Velocity, Characteristic

Velocity, Exit Velocity of Jet, Design Parameters for Rocket Engine, Propellants,
Combustion, Rocket Equation, Altitude Gain during Vertical Flight, Escape Velocity.

References:
1. P. A. Thompson: Compressible Fluid Dynamics.
2. A.H. Shaproo: Compressible Fluid Flow.
3. P. Niyogi: Inviscid Gas Dynamics.
4. K. Oswatitsch: Gas Dynamics.
5. S.M. Yahya: Fundamentals of Compressible Flow.

Optional Courses for Pure Stream Only

 ADVANCED REAL ANALYSIS
Representation of real numbers by series of radix fractions.Sets of real numbers, Derivatives
of a set.Points of condensation of a set.Structure of a bounded closed set.Perfect sets.Perfect
kernel of a closed set. Cantor’s nondense perfect set. Sets of first and second categories,
residual sets.

Baire one functions and their basic properties. One-sided upper and lower limits of a
function.Semicontinuous functions. Dini derivates of a function.Zygmund’s monotonicity
criterion.

Vitali’s covering theorem. Differentiability of monotone functions and of functions of

bounded variation. Absolutely continuous functions, Lusin’s condition (N), characterization
of AC functions in terms of VB functions and Lusin’s condition.

Concepts of VB*, AC*, VBG*, ACG* etc. functions. Characterization of indefinite Lebesgue
integral as an absolutely continuous function.

Generalized Integrals: Gauge function.Cousin’s lemma.Role of gauge function in elementary

real analysis.Definition of the Henstock integral and its fundamental
properties.Reconstruction of primitive function.Cauchy criterion for
Henstockintegrability.Saks-Henstock Lemma.The Absolute Henstock Integral.The McShane
integral.Equivalence of the McShane integral, the absolute Henstock integral and the
Lebesgue integral. Monotone and Dominated convergence theorems. The Controlled
convergence theorem.

Definition and elementary properties of the Perron integral and its equivalence with the
Henstock integral.

Definition of the (special) Denjoy integral and its equivalence with the Henstock integral
(characterization of indefinite Henstock integral as a continuous ACG* function).

Density of arbitrary sets.Approximate continuity.Approximate derivative.

References:
1. E. W. Hobson: The Theory of Functions of a Real Variable (Vol. I and II).
2. I. P. Natanson: Theory of Functions of a Real Variable (Vol. I and II).
3. R. A. Gordon: The Integrals of Lebesgue, Denjoy, Perron and Henstock, Amer. Math. Soc.
Graduate Studies in Math., Vol. 4, 1994.
4. W. F. Pfeffer: The Riemann Approach to Integration - Local Geometric Theory.
5. R. Henstock: Lectures on the Theory of Integration.
6. P .Y Lee: Lanzhou Lectures on Henstock Integration.
7. S. Schwabi: Generalized Ordinary Differential Equations.
8. E. J. McShane: Unified Integration.
9. S. Saks: Theory of the Integral.
 ADVANCED COMPLEX ANALYSIS I
The functions- M(r) and A(r).Hadamard theorem on the growth of log M(r), Schwarz
inequality, Borel-Caratheodory inequality, Open mapping theorem.

Dirichlet series, abscissa of convergence and abscissa of absolute convergence, their

representations in terms of the coefficients of the Dirichlet series. The Riemann Zeta
function, the product development and the zeros of the zeta functions.

Entire functions, growth of an entire function, order and type and their representations in
terms of the Taylor coefficients, distribution of zeros.Schottky’s theorem (no proof).Picard’s
first theorem.Weierstrass factor theorem, the exponent of convergence of zeros. Hadamard’s
factorization theorem, Canonical product, Borel’s first theorem.Borel’s second theorem
(statement only).

Multiple-valued functions, Riemann surface for the functions, logz,√𝑧

Analytic continuation, uniqueness, continuation by the method of power series, natural

boundary, existence of singularity on the circle of convergence.

Conformal transformations, Riemann’s theorems for circle, Schwarz principle of symmetry.

Univalent functions, general theorems, sequence of univalent functions, sufficient conditions
for univalence.

References:
1. E. T. Copson: An Introduction to the Theory of Functions of a Complex Variable.
2. E. C. Titthmarsh: The Theory of Functions.
3. A. I. Markushevich: Theory of Functions of a Complex Variable (Vol. I, II &III).
4. L. V. Ahlfors: Complex Analysis.
5. J. B. Conway: Functions of One Complex Variable.
6. A. I. Markushevich: The Theory of Analytic Functions, A Brief Course.
7. G. Valiron: Integral Functions.
8. C. Caratheodory: Theory of Functions of a Complex Variable.
9. R. P. Boas: Entire Functions.

ADVANCED COMPLEX ANALYSIS II

Harmonic functions, Characterisation of Harmonic functions by mean-value

property.Poisson’s integral formula.Dirichlet problem for a disc.

Doubly periodic functions.Weierstrass Elliptic function and its properties.

Entire functions, M(r, f) and its properties (statements only).Meromorphic functions.

Expansions. Definition of the functions m (r, a), N(r, a) and T(r,f).
Nevanlinna’s first fundamental theorem.Cartan’s identity and convexity theorems.Orders of
growth.Order of a meromorphic function.Comparative growth of logM(r) and
T(r).Nevanlinna’s second fundamental theorem. Estimation of S(r) (Statement only).
Nevanlinna’s theorem on deficient functions.Nevanlinna’s five-point uniqueness
theorem.Milloux theorem.

Functions of several complex variables.Power series in several complex variables.Region of

convergence of power series.Associated radii of convergence. Analytic functions. Cauchy-
Riemann equations.Cauchy’s integral formula.Taylor’s expansion.Cauchy’s
inequalities.Zeros and Singularities of analytic functions.

References:
1. E. C. Tittmarsh: The Theory of Functions.
2. E. T. Copson: An Introduction to the Theory of Functions of a Complex Variable.
3. A. I. Markushevich: Theory of Functions of a Complex Variable, (Vol. I, II, III).
4. W. Kaplan: An Introduction to Analytic Functions.
5. H. Cartan: Theory of Analytic Functions.
6. W. K. Hayman: Meromorphic Functions.
7. L. Yang: Value Distribution Theory.
8. R. C. Gunning and H. Rossi: Analytic Functions of Several Complex Variables.
9. B. A. Fuks: An Introduction to the Theory of Analytic Functions of Several Complex
Variables.
10. Bochner and Martin: Several Complex Variables.

ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL ANALYSIS

Hilbert Space: Preliminary concept of Inner product space and Hilbert space. Generalized
Bessel’s inequality. Complete orthonormal sequence and separability in Hilbert spaces.
Isometric isomorphism of every infinite dimensional separable Hilbert space with the space
𝑙2 , Grahm-Schimdtorthonormalization process. Stone-Weierstrass theorem.Approximation in
normed linear spaces. Best approximation and uniqueness.

Conjugate Space: Preliminary ideas of conjugate space. Conjugate spaces of C, 𝐶0 andC[a,b]

Representation theorem for bounded linear functional on C[a,b].

Reflexive Space: Definition of reflexive space. Canonical mapping.Subspaces of reflexive

space, Bounded sequence contains a weakly convergent subsequence. Existence of an
element of smallest norm.Relation between separability and reflexivity.Reflexivity of Hilbert
spaces.Strictly convex and uniformly convex Banach spaces.Helley’s theorem (statement
only) and Milman and Pettis theorem for uniformly convex Banach spaces (statement only).

Spectral Theory of Operators: Spectrum of a bounded linear operator. Resolvent

operator.Spectral radius.Spectral mapping theorem for polynomials.Spectrum of completely
continuous operator and of self-adjoint operator.Spectral representation of self-adjoint
operator.
Banach Algebra: Banach algebra with identity. Resolvent operator and Resolvent function.
Topological divisor of zeros.Gelfand-Mazur theorem.Spectral mapping theorem.Complex
homomorphism.Concept of Ideal in Banach algebra.

Derivative of an Operator: Gateaux derivative and its uniqueness. Representation of

Gateaux derivative when domain and range are finite.Frechet derivative and its
uniqueness.Relation between Gateaux derivative and Frechet derivative. Complete continuity
of Frechet derivative.

References:
1. G. Bachman and L. Narici: Functional Analysis.
2. A. L. Brown and A. Pag: Elements of Functional Analysis.
3. J. B. Conway: A Course in Functional Analysis
4. E. Kreyszig: Introductory Functional Analysis with Applications
5. B. V. Limaye: Functional Analysis
6. W. Rudin: Functional Analysis.
7. B. K. Lahiri: Elements of Functional Analysis
8. E. Rickart: Banach Algebra

ABSTRACT HARMONIC ANALYSIS

Banach Algebra: Banach Algebras, basic concepts, Gelfand theory, The spectral Theorem,
Spectral theory of *-representations.

Locally compact groups: Harr measure, Unimodular group, Homogeneous spaces.

Representation Theory: Unitary representation, Representation of a group and its group

algebra, Functions of positive type.

Analysis on Locally compact groups: Dual group, Fourier transform,Potriagin duality.

Analysis on Compact groups: Representation of Compact groups, The Peter-Weyl

Theorem.

References:
1. A Course in Abstract Harmonic Analysis, G. B. Folland
2. E. Hewitt and K. Ross: Abstract Harmonic Analysis, (Vol.1).
3. L. Loomis: An Introduction to Abstract Harmonic Analysis.
4. W. Rudin: Fourier Analysis on Groups.
5. G. Bachman: Elements of Abstract Harmonic Analysis.
6. W. Rudin: Real and Complex Analysis.

ADVANCED GENERAL TOPOLOGY

Locally Connected space, Various Disconnected spaces, and Quotient Spaces: Local
Connected spaces, Zero-dimensional spaces, totally and extremally disconnected spaces,
characterizations and their basic properties.Quotient spaces.

Nets and Filters: Inadequacy of sequence, Directed set, definition of net, convergence by
net. Cluster point of a net, subnet, ultranet, Topological concepts via nets.

Definition of a filter.Free and fixed filter. Filter bases, image and inverse image of filter base
and filter, induced filter. Ultrafilter and its existence and characterization.Convergence of
filters.Properties of convergence of filters. Cluster point of a filter and its properties.
Characterizations of compactness in terms of nets and filters.Alternative proof of Tychonoff
product Theorem using ultranet / ultrafilter. Net based on filter, filter generated by net.

Compactification: Locally compact spaces: Examples and various characterizations,

compactification of topological spaces. Alexandroff compactification.Stone-Cech
compactification.Cardinality of N.

Paracompactness: Star refinement, barycentric refinement and their relation. Various

characterizations of paracompactness.A. H. Stone’s theorem concerning paracompactness of
metric spaces.Interconnection between paracompactness and (i) Hausdorffness, (ii)
Regularity and (iii) Lindelöfness.Properties of paracompactness with regard to subspaces and
product space.

Embedding and Metrization: Evaluation map, Embedding theorem for Tychonoff spaces,
Urysohn’smetrization theorem.

Uniform spaces: Definition and examples of uniform spaces. Base and subbase of a
uniformity, uniform topology. Uniformity and separation axioms.Uniformizable
spaces.Uniform continuity and product uniformity.Uniform property. Uniformity of
pseudometric spaces and uniformity generated by a family of pseudometric. Compactness of
uniform spaces. Cauchy filter. Relation between completeness and compactness in uniform
spaces.

Proximity spaces: Definition and examples. Topology induced by proximity. Alternate

description of proximity (the concept of -neighbourhood).Separated proximities.Proximal
neighbourhoods.p-map, p-isomorphism. Subspaces and product of proximity spaces.
Proximities induced by uniformities. Compactness and proximities.

C(X) and C*(X): The function rings C(X) and C*(X), C-embedded and C* embedded sets in
X. Urysohn’s extension theorem, Z-filters and Z-ultrafilters on X, their duality with ideals
and maximal ideals of C(X). Fixed ideals and compact spaces.

References:
1. J. L. Kelley: General Topology.
2. S. Willard: General Topology.
3. J. Dugundji, Topology.
4. R. Engelking: Outline of General Topology.
5. S. A. Naimpally and B. D. Warrack: Proximity Space.
6. J. Nagata: Modern General Topology.
7. L. Gillman and M. Jerison: Rings of continuous functions.
8. J. Nagata: Modern Dimension Theory.

ADVANCED ALGEBRAIC TOPOLOGY

Covering spaces: Basic properties, Classification of covering spaces. Universal covering

spaces.Applications – BorsukUlam Theorem.

Higher Homotopy Groups: Basic properties and examples. Homotopy Groups of

Spheres.Relation between homology groups and homotopy groups.Lefschetz fixed point
theorem. Brouwer fixed point theorem.

Singular Homology Theory: Singular Chain Complex. Singular Homology group. Chain
map, induced map between homology groups. Chain homotopy, Mayer-Victoris sequences.
Axioms for homology theorem.

Cohomology and Duality Theorems: Definitions and Calculation Theorems. Poincaré

duality.Alexander duality and Lefschetz duality.

CW-complexes: Definition, Cellular maps. Homotopy groups of CW-complexes. Whitehead

Theorem.Homology theory of CW-complexes.Betti number and Euler
characteristics.Excision theorem and cellular homology, Hurewicz theorem.Fiber
spaces.Presheaves. Fine presheaves. Application of cohomology to presheaves.

References:
1. Fred. H. Croom: Basic Concepts of Algebraic Topology.
2. C. R. F. Maunder: Algebraic Topology.
3. Edwin H. Spanier: Algebraic Topology.
4. J. Mayer: Algebraic Topology.
5. B. Gray: Homotopy Theory.
6. J. Dugundji: Topology.
7. Allen Hatcher: Algebraic Topology.

ADVANCED ALGEBRA I

Semi group: Regularity & primality of ideal and bi-ideal in semi group, left regular and
intra-regular ordered semi group and their characterization in terms of semi-prime left ideal,
poe-semigroup, ternary semigroup & its commutativity, regularity and intra-regularity,
completely semi prime ideal in intra-regular ternary semi group, lateral ideal in ternary semi
group, characterization of bi-ideal in ordered semi group and its connection with regularity,
relationship between weakly regularity and interior ideal in semi group.

Ring: Bi-ideal of higher index, characterization property, principality and minimality of

higher indexed bi-ideal, fuzzy and anti fuzzy algebraic treatment of bi-ideal in ring, simple
and bi-ideal free ring- characterization theorem, left (right) ideal of a right (left) ideal in a
regular ring and its relationship with bi-ideal, minimal bi-ideal in a divison ring, -ideal in a
ring- necessary and sufficient condition in terms of higher indexed bi-ideal, meta ideal of
finite index and k-ideal (k being a positive integer) in a ring, two sided ideal of a two sided
ideal in Von Neumann regular ring.

Noetherian ring: Almost normal extension, Hilbert’s basis theorem, semisimple ring and its
centre, necessary and sufficient condition for semisimplicity in terms of ring endomorphism;
quotient, opposite and simple &isotypic component of semisimple ring; degree, height &
index of simple ring, Nakayama lemma, properties of Jacobson radical, Wedderburn-Artin
theorem; radical and artinian ring- nilpotence, chain condition, computing some radical;
annihilator and Jacobson radical, restriction functor.

Field extension: Review of simple, normal, separable, radical and cyclic extension; splitting
field of polynomials- homomorphism from simple extension, multiple roots; Galois
extension- group of automorphism of field, fundamental theorem, Galois group of
polynomial, solvability of equation, action of Galois group on roots of polynomial;
symmetric group Sp (p being prime) as Galois group over ℚ, finite field and computing
Galois group over ℚ, primitive element theorem, normal basis theorem, Hilbert’s theorem 90,
Kummer theory, Galois’s solvability theorem, algebraic closure- existence and uniqueness,
separable closure; transcendental extension- algebraic independence, transcendence bases,
Luroth’s theorem, separating transcendence bases, transcendental Galois extension.

Geometric Construction: Constructible real numbers, trisection of 60º angle and square the
circle by straight edge and compass, duplication of a cube, construction of a regular septagon,
constructibility of regular 9-gon and regular 20-gon.

Coding theory: Definition- a probabilistic model, weight and code distance, generator and
parity-check matrices, equivalence of codes, encoding messages in linear code, decoding
linear code, bounds- sphere-covering lower bound, Hamming (sphere packing) upper bound,
perfect code, binary Hamming code and its decoding, extended code, Golay code, singleton
bound and maximum distance separable (MDS) code, Reed-Solomon code, digression –
coding and communication complexity, Gilbert-Varshamov bound, Plotkin bound, Hadamard
code, Walsh-Hadamard code; constructing code from other code- general rules for
construction, Reed-Muller code.

References:
1. K. Sinha and S. Srivastava: Theory of Semigroups and Applications.
2. J. A. Gallian: Contemporary Abstract Algebra.
3. J. N. Mordeson, D. S. Malik and N. Kuroki: Fuzzy Semigroups.
4. S. T. Hu: Elements of Modern Algebra.
5. D. S. Malik, J. M. Mardeson and M. K. Sen: Fundamental of Abstract Algebra.
6. E. Artin: Galois Theory (2nd Edition).
7. D. S. Dummit and R. M. Foote: Abstract Algebra.
8. T. W. Hungerford: Algebra .
9. N. Jacobson: Lectures in Abstract Algebra (Vol. -I).
10. M. Nagata: Field Theory.
11. A. G. Kurosh: The Theory of Groups.
12. M. R.Adhikari and AvishekAdhikari: Groups, Rings, and Modules with Applications.
13. M. Auslander and D. A. Buchsbaum: Groups, Rings, Modules.
14. T. W. Hungerford: Algebra, Springer, 1980.
15. S. M. Moser and Po-Ning Chen: A Student’s Guide to Coding and Information Theory.
16. S. Ball: A course in Algebraic Error-Correcting Codes.
17. Monica Borda: Fundamentals in Information Theory and Coding.
18. Rajan Bose: Information Theory, Coding and Cryptography.
19. Raymond Hill: A First Course in Coding Theory.
20. ArijitSaha, Nilotpal Manna and SurajitMondal: Information Theory, Coding and
Cryptography.
21. San Ling, Chaoping Xing: Coding Theory: A First Course.
22. G. A. Jones and J. M. Jones: Information and Coding Theory.

ADVANCED ALGEBRA II

Modules: Modules Homomorphisms. Exact sequences.Free modules, Projective and

injective modules.Divisible abelian groups.Embedding of a module in an injective module.

Modules over PID, Torsion-free modules, Finitely generated modules over PID.

Tensor product of modules, Tensor product of free modules.

Commutative Rings and Modules: Noetherian and Artinian modules, Composition series in
modules. Primary decomposition of a submodule of a module.

Noetherian rings, Cohen’s theorem, Krull intersection theorem, Nakayama lemma. Hilbert
basis theorem.

Extension of a ring, Integral extension of a ring, Integral closure, Lying-over and Going-up
theorems.

Transcendence base of a field over a subfield.Algebraically independence subset of an

extension field over a field. Algebraically closed field extensions of isomorphic fields with
equal transcendence degree are isomorphic.

Affine varieties of algebraic sets.Noether normalization lemma, Hilbert Nullstellensatz.

Structure of Rings: Left artinian rings, Simple rings, Primitive rings, Jacobson density
theorem, WedderburnArtin theorem on simple (left), Artinian rings.

The Jacobson radical, Jacobson semisimple rings, subdirect product of rings, Jacobson
semisimple rings as subdirect products of primitive rings, Wedderburn-Artin theorem on
Jacobson semisimple (left), Artinian rings.

Simple and Semisimple modules, Semisimple rings, Equivalence of semisimple rings with
Jacobson (left) Artinian rings, Properties of semisimple rings, Characterizations of
semisimple rings in terms of modules.

Group Representations: Group rings, Maschkke’s theorem, Character of a representation,

Regular representations, Orthogonality relations, Burnside’s paqh theorem.

References:
1. Serge Lang: Algebra.
2. Nathan Jacobson: Basic Algebra (Vol. II).
3. M. Atiyah and I. G. MacDonald: Introduction to Commutative Algebra.
4. O. Zarisky and P. Samuel: Commutative Algebra (Vols. I and II).
5. D. S. Malik, John M. Mordeson, and M. K. Sen: Fundamentals of Abstract Algebra.
6. N. McCoy: Theory of Rings.
7. I. N. Herstein: Non-Commutative Rings.
8. T. Y. Lam: A First Course in Non-commutative Rings.
9. C. W. Curtis and I. Reiner: Representation Theory of Finite Groups and Associated
Algebras.

ADVANCED DIFFERENTIAL GEOMETRY I

Riemannian geometry: Differentiable manifolds- definitions and examples, curves on

manifolds, tangent spaces, basis theorem, directional derivative as tangent vector fields,
Differentiable mapping, Tangent spaces, cotangent space, pull back and push forward map,
Vector field, Integral curve of a vector field, Lie bracket, Immersion, Imbedding, rank of a
mapping, f-related vector fields. Affine connections, Riemannian connections, semi
symmetric connections, fibre bundle Basic definitions, Curvature tensor, Ricci tensor, Scalar
curvature, Sectional curvature.

Properties of Riemann curvature, Bianchi’s identities, Conformal curvature, Projective

curvature, Jacobi equations Local Isometrics, Lie Derivatives and their elementary
properties. Ricci flow, Ricci soliton.

Isometric immersions: The second fundamental form, The fundamental equations,

Complete manifolds, HopfRinow Theorem, The Theorem of Hadamard, Lie Groups.

Structures on manifolds, almost contact structure, Sasakian structure, almost complex

structure, Kaehler structure. Submanifolds with almost contact structures.

References:
1. Riemannian Geometry, M. P. Do carmo.
2. A course in Differential Geometry and Lie Groups, S. Kumaresan.
3. S. Kobayasi and K. Nomizu: Foundations of Differential Geometry (Vol. 1).
4. W. M. Boothby: An Introduction to Differentiable Manifold and Riemannian Geometry.
5. Barrett O’Neil: Riemannian Geometry.
6. L. W. Tu , Introduction to manifolds.
7. J. M. Lee, Differential geometry,
8. D. E. Blair, Riemannian geometry of contact and symplectic manifolds.
9. K. Yano and M. Kon: Structures on manifolds.

ADVANCED DIFFERENTIAL GEOMETRY II

Geometry of Contact Manifolds: Structure tensor, characteristic vector fields, definition and
examples of almost contact manifolds, Neijenhuis tensor, contact manifolds. K-contact and
Sasakian structures.Sasakian space forms. Nearly Sasakian structures. Quasi-Sasakian
structure, trans-Sasakian structure, cosymplectic structures, generalized Sasakian-space
forms.
Locally φ-symmetric spaces, Ricci symmetric spaces, semisymmetric spaces, submanifolds,
Ricci flow and Ricci soliton of almost contact manifolds, submanifolds, invariant
submanifolds, anti invariantsubmanifolds. Totally geodesic submanifolds of almost contact
manifolds.

Geometry of Symplectic Manifolds: Drfinition and example of symplectic manifolds, Almost

complex manifolds. Neijenhuis tensor. Complex manifolds. Contravariant almost analytic
vector. Almost Hermite manifolds. Linear connection in an almost Hermite manifold.Kähler
manifold.Almost Tachibana manifold.Tachibana manifold.Holomorphic sectional
curvature.Almost product and almost decomposable manifold. Almost Einstein manifold.,
symmetry, semisymmetry and pseudo-symmetry of such spaces, Ricci flow and Ricci
solitons on such spaces.

Applications of differential geometry in mechanics, relativity and cosmology.

References:
1. K. Yano and M. Kon: Structures on manifolds.
2. D. E. Balair: Riemannian geometry of contact and symplectic manifolds
3. H Geigs: Contact topology.
4. A. N. Matveev: Mechanics and Theory of Relativity.

FUNCTIONAL ANALYSIS AND ITS APPLICATIONS TO PDEs

Functional Analysis and Applications to PDES: Theory of distributions, Holder space,
sobolev space, weak derivatives, approximation by smooth functions, extensions, traces,
sobolev inequalities, Gagliardo-Nirenbarg-sobole inequality, Poincare inequality, Difference
quotient, the space H-1, space involving time.

Elliptic equations, weak solutions, Lax Milgram theorem, energy estimates, Fredholm
alternative, regularity, interior regularity, boundary regularity, weak maximum principle,
strong maximum principle, Harnack’s inequality, Eigen values of symmetric elliptic operator,
eigenvalues of non-symmetric elliptic operator.

Linear evolution equation, second order parabolic equation, existence of weak solutions,
regularity, maximum principle, second order hyperbolic equation, existence of weak solution,
regularity, propagation of disturbances.

System of first order hyperbolic equations, symmetric hyperbolic system.

References:
1. G. Folland: Introduction to partial differential equations, Princton university press, 1976.
2. D. Gilbarg and N. Trudinger: Elliptic partial differential equations of second order,
Springer, 1983.
3. L. Hormandu: The analysis of Linear partial differential equations operator, Springer,
1983.
4. L. C. Evans: Partial Differential equations, Vol 19, AMS
5. Robert C. McOwen: Partial differential equations, Pentic hall, 2013
6. I. N. Sneddon: Elements of partial differential equations, Mc Grew Hill, New York.
7. S. Kesavan: Topics in Functional Analysis and applications to PDEs.

ERGODIC THEORY & TOPOLOGICAL DYNAMICS

Measure Preserving Transformation: Definition and Examples, Recurrence, Ergodicity.

The Ergodic Theorem: Von Neumann’s L2 -ergodic Theorem, Birkhoff’s Ergodic Theorem.

Mixing Properties: Poincare Recurrence, Ergodicity of a mixing property, Weakly Mixing,

A little spectral theory, Weakly mixing and eigenfunctions, Mixing.

Equivalence: The isomorphism problem; conjugacy, spectral equivalence.

Invariant Measures for Continuous Maps: Existence of Invariant Measures, Unique

Ergodicity, Measure Rigidity and Equidistribution.

Conditional Measures and Algebras: Conditional Expectation, Conditional Measures.

Factors and Joinings: Relatively independent joining, Kroneker factor.

Topological Dynamics: Recurrent points, Uniform Recurrence and Minimal Systems,

Multiple Birkhoff recurrence Theorem and its applications.

Entropy: Entropy, the Kolmogorov-Sinai theorem, calculation of entropy, the Shannon-

McMillan Breiman theorem.

Appendix: Topological Group, monothetic group. Locally compact groups, Harr measure on
locally compact groups.

Character on locally compact abelian (LCA) group, dual group, computation of dual groups
of Z, R, T. Fourier transform of members of L1(G), Parseval Formula, Herglotz–Bochner
Theorem, Inversion Theorem, Pontryagin Duality Theorem.

References:
1. H. Furstenberg, Recurrence in ergodic Theory and combinatorial applications
D. J. Rudolf, Fundamentals of Measurable dynamics.
3. Peter Walters, An introduction to ergodic theory.
4. M. Einsiedlert and Tomas Ward, Ergodic Theory with a view towards number theory.

PROJECT 4.4

Marks: 100; Credits: 8, Counselling Durations: 24 Hours

(For Applied & Pure Streams)
Project Notebook: 50; Seminar presentation: 30; Viva-voce: 20
Examination related course criteria (Project Work)

1. Each student has to carry out a project work under the supervision ofteacher(s) of the
Department and on the basis of her/his subject interest in the advanced topics of
Mathematics(subject to the availability of teacher). The same is to be submitted to the
Department after getting it countersigned by the concerned teacher(s) and prior to the
commencement of Viva-Voce.
2. All Project related record shall be maintained by the Department.
3. Seminar presentation and Viva–Voce Examination shall be conducted by the Department.