VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

Jnana Sangama, Belagavi - 560018

Project Report
On

Implementation of a Child Rescue System from Bore-well using Zigbee

for Long Range Communication
Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirement for the award of degree of
BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING
IN
ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION
ENGINEERING
Submitted by
Ganesh Sanikam – 1AM21EC030

Under the guidance of

Dr. Usha Rani B
Associate Professor

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

AMC ENGINEERING COLLEGE
Approved by AICTE, Permanently Affiliated to VTU, Belagavi, Accredited by NAAC & NBA
2024-2025

AMC ENGINEERING COLLEGE

Affiliated to VTU, Belagavi, Approved by AICTE, Accredited by NAAC, New Delhi

#18th Km, Bannerghatta Road, Kalkere, Bengaluru-83

 DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION
ENGINEERING
(NBA Accredited)

CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the project work entitled “Implementation of a Child Rescue System from Bore-well
using Zigbee for Long Range Communication” is a bonafide work carried out by
Ganesh Sanikam(1AM21EC030).In partial fulfillment for the award of Bachelor of Engineering in Electronics
and Communication Engineering of the Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belagavi during the year 2024-
25. It is certified that all corrections/suggestions indicated for internal assessment have been incorporated in the
report. The project report has been approved as it satisfies the academic requirements in respect of the Project
work prescribed for the said Degree.

Signature of the Guide Signature of the HOD(IC) Signature of the Principal

Dr. Usha Rani B Dr. Jenitta . J Dr. Yuvaraju. B. N

Signature of External Viva Voce :

1

DECLARATION

We, the students of VII semester B.E in Electronics and Communication Engineering, AMC Engineering

ii
College, Bengaluru, hereby declare that the project work entitled “Implementation of a Child Rescue System
from Bore-well using Zigbee for Long Range Communication” submitted to the Visvesvaraya Technological
University during the academic year 2024-25, is a record of an original work done by us under the guidance of
Dr. Usha Rani B, Associate Professor Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, AMC
Engineering college, Bengaluru. This project work is submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the
award of the degree of Bachelor of Engineering in Electronics and Communication
Engineering. The results embodied in this report have not been submitted to any other university or institute for
the award of any degree.

Date: Ganesh Sanikam – 1AM21EC030 Signature:

Place: Bengaluru.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

We would like to thank our chairman Dr. K. R. Paramahamsa AMC Engineering College, Bengaluru,
for providing the necessary infrastructure.

We would like to thank our Principal, Dr. Yuvaraju. B. N, AMC Engineering College, Bengaluru, for his
kind cooperation.

We sincerely thank our Vice Principal Dr. G. Shivakumar, Professor, Dept. of Electronics and
Communication Engineering, AMC Engineering College, Bengaluru, from the bottom of our heart for his
support and understanding.

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 We sincerely thank Dr. Jenitta . J, HOD(IC), Dept. of Electronics and Communication Engineering, AMC
Engineering College, Bengaluru, from the bottom of our heart for his support and understanding.

We consider it our privilege to express gratitude to our guide, Dr. Usha Rani B, Associate Professor, Dept.
of Electronics and Communication Engineering, AMC Engineering College, Bengaluru, for their constant
support and valuable suggestions during the Major Project.

Our deepest gratitude goes to our teachers, who showed infinite patience and understanding till the
completion of our Major project.

Last, but not the least, our sincere credit to our parents, our friends and to one and all who have directly or
indirectly helped our in the successful completion of the Major project.

Ganesh Sanikam - 1AM21EC030

ABSTRACT

The water level is decreasing day by day so more people put ever increasing demands on limited
supplies. To come up with the needs, bore wells are constructed, but these are usually left uncovered.
Children often fall in bore well which is uncovered and gets trapped. Since the rescuing process is risky
as well as difficult, it causes the child life in danger. A small delay in the rescue can cost the child life. To
lift the child out the narrow confines of the bore wells is also not very easy. Robot for bore well rescue
offers a solution to these kinds of situations. The rescue system will be mainly consisting of a gripper to
support the child from sinking further and rescuing the child from the bore-well. In this implementation, a
foldable gripper is being incorporated to effectively provide stability to the child while the child is being
pulled up. The rescue system is controlled by a motor which is attached to a pulley system, which is
triggered when a control signal is applied.

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 CONTENTS
Certificate…………………………………………………………………………………………………..…..ii

Declaration…………………………………………………………………………………………………….iii

Acknowledgement……………………………………………………………………………………………..i
v

Abstract…………………………………………………………………………………………………….….
v

List of
figures………………………………………………………………………………………………..viii

List of Tables…………………………………………………………………………………………………x

Chapter 1 – Introduction

1.1 History of the field of interest………………………………..………………………………………1

1.2 Problem definition……………………………………………………………………...…………….2

1.3 Motivation for the project………………………………………………………………...………….2

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 1.4 Objective of the project……………………………………………………………………...……….3

Chapter 2 literature survey

2.1 Related works and its overview………………………………………………………………………5

2.2 Comparison table of the literature survey……………………………………………………………7

Chapter 3 Design & Implementation

3.1 Block
Diagram……………………………………………………………………………………………8

3.2 Circuit Diagram……………………………………………………………………………………..10

3.3
Flowchart……………………………………………………………………………………………12

3.4 Components…………………………………………………………………………………………
14

3.4.1 Hardware Components………………………………………………………………………15

3.4.2 Software requirements………………………………………………….…………………...23

3.5 Implementation……………………………………………………………………………………..
25

3.5.1 Software Implementation……………………………………………………………………........ 25

3.5.1.1 Camera Configuration…………………………………………...……………………….... 25

3.5.1.2 Zigbee Configuration……………………………………………………………….…...... 30

3.5.2 Hardware Implementation……………………………………………………………...………...34

3.6 Results…………………………………. ……………………………………………………………..36

3.7 Discussion……………………………………………………………………………………………. 38

Chapter 4 Conclusion

4.1 Summary of the project………………………………………………………………………………... 39

4.2 Limitations……………………………………………………………………………………………... 40

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 4.3 Future Work……………………………………………………………………………………….……

41

References………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

42

Appendix………………………………………………………………………………………………………....

43

Program Outcomes……………………………………………………………………………………….………
62

LIST OF FIGURES

Fig1: Transmitter Block Diagram ............................................................................................... ………….8

Fig2: Receiver Block Diagram ................................................................................................... ………......9

Fig3: Transmitter circuit ............................................................................................................ ………....10

Fig4: Receiver circuit ................................................................................................................ ………...11

Fig5: Transmitter Block Flow Chart………………………….. ………………………………......................12

Fig6: Receiver Block Flow Chart…………………………………………………………………………... 13

Fig7: ESP32 Dev Module…………………………………………………………………………………..

15

Fig8: Zigbee Module –

RFX240…………………………………………………………………………….16

Fig9: Dht11…………………………………………………...…………………………………………….
16

Fig10: BMP280…………………………………………………………………………………………….
17

Fig11: HC – SR501…………………………………………………………………………………………
18

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Fig12: SpO2………………………………………………………………………………………………...

19 Fig13: ESP32 –

CAM……………………………………………………………………………………….19

Fig14: 2 channeled relay……………………………………………………………………………………

20

Fig15: DC Motor…………………………………………………………………………………………...
21

Fig16: DC Motor Driver……………………………………………………………………………………

21

Fig17: I2C LCD…………………………………………………………………………………………….

22

Fig18: CAM Library………………………………………………………………………………………..

26 Fig19: Board

Specification………………………………………………………………………………… 26

Fig20: Pin Specification…………………………………………………………………………………….

27

Fig21: Config Pin…………………………………………………………………………………………..

28

Fig22: Wifi Setup…………………………………………………………………………………………..

28 Fig23: Server………………………………………………………………………………………………

28

Fig24: URL………………………………………………………………………………………………...
29

Fig25: Library inclusion……………………………………………………………………………………

31 Fig26: SpO2 function
……………………………………………………………………………………… 31

Fig27: Dht11 function ……………………………………………………………………………………...

32

Fig28: Motor control function………………………………………………………………………………

32

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Fig29: Transmitter………………………………………………………………………….………………
35

Fig30: Receiver………………………………………………………………………….. ……………….. 35

Fig31: Rescue mechanism………………………………………………………………... ……………….

35

Fig32: Rescue system…………………………………………………………………… ……………….. 36

Fig33: Circuitry………………………………………………………………………..………………….. 36

LIST OF TABLES

Table 1: Comparison Table ............................................................................................................. 7

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Implementation of a Child Rescue System from Bore-well using Zigbee for Long Range Communication

Chapter - 1
INTRODUCTION

1.1 History of field of interest

India is an agriculture-based country, where farmers heavily rely on groundwater for their basic
water requirements. With the growing population, shrinking land resources, and rapid urbanization, the
need for borewells to access groundwater has become indispensable. However, the rise in the number
of abandoned and improperly sealed borewells has led to a troubling increase in accidents, particularly
involving young children in rural and semi-urban areas. These incidents have garnered significant
attention due to the severe, life-threatening consequences they pose, and the lack of effective solutions
in place to prevent or address such tragedies.
Borewells, which are often several hundred feet deep and only a few inches wide, present
formidable challenges during rescue operations when a child becomes trapped. The confined space,
coupled with the depth and narrowness of the borewell, makes it extremely difficult for traditional
rescue teams to retrieve the child safely and efficiently. In many cases, rescuers are left with few options
other than digging parallel tunnels or using makeshift tools, which can be time-consuming, risky, and
ineffective. These delays increase the risks of suffocation, dehydration, and physical injury for the
trapped child, as precious time slips away. Furthermore, the complexity of the terrain in many borewell-
prone areas adds to the logistical difficulties faced by rescue teams, further delaying the deployment of
specialized equipment and personnel.
The problem is compounded by the lack of proper infrastructure and trained rescue personnel in
rural regions, where most borewell accidents occur. Despite the existence of government guidelines
mandating the proper sealing of unused borewells, enforcement remains inconsistent, and the
recurrence of such incidents highlights the urgent need for better preventive measures and more
effective rescue solutions. Many of these accidents occur in remote locations, making it challenging to
mobilize rescue teams and equipment in time to save the child's life.
While there have been numerous efforts to raise awareness about the dangers of open borewells and
calls for stricter regulations, the absence of a standardized and reliable child rescue mechanism remains
a major gap. Various technological solutions have been proposed, but they often lack scalability,
reliability, or affordability, which are crucial factors for wide- scale implementation in areas where
borewell accidents are prevalent. The need for an automated, real-time system that can quickly detect,
monitor, and assist in the rescue of children trapped in borewells has become more pressing than ever.
The proposed use of Zigbee technology in rescue operations offers a potential breakthrough in

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Implementation of a Child Rescue System from Bore-well using Zigbee for Long Range Communication
addressing this critical safety issue. Zigbee, with its low power consumption, long-range
communication capabilities, and ability to connect multiple devices wirelessly, can facilitate efficient
monitoring and control of rescue equipment from a safe distance. By allowing rescuers to remotely
operate robotic systems designed to enter borewells and retrieve trapped children, this technology could
significantly improve response times and rescue outcomes.
Additionally, the use of advanced sensors, cameras, and robotic arms integrated with Zigbee
technology could offer real-time feedback to the rescue teams, enabling them to make informed
decisions during the operation. This not only minimizes the risk to the trapped child but also reduces
the dangers faced by rescue personnel who currently have to rely on manual, risky, and timeconsuming
methods. The development of such systems is a step toward creating safer environments in borewell-
prone regions, ensuring that future accidents can be addressed more swiftly and with a higher chance
of success.

1.2 Problem Definition

To figure out a solution to enhance the child rescue system to make a cost effective, safe and effective
rescue and monitoring device.

To develop a reliable, efficient, and cost-effective solution for rescuing children who accidentally fall
into open borewells, a recurring hazard in many regions, especially in rural and semi-urban areas.

To enhance the current child rescue systems by introducing an innovative, technology-driven solution
that is easy to deploy, safe for the child, and reduces risks for the rescuers. A solution that leverages
modern communication technologies, such as Zigbee, to control and monitor rescue devices remotely,
could provide the much-needed improvement in response times, safety, and overall effectiveness in
saving lives.

1.3 Motivation of the Project

The motivation behind the project, "Implementation of a Child Rescue System from Borewell using
Zigbee for Long Range Applications," stems from the increasing number of accidents involving
children falling into open or abandoned borewells. In many rural areas, borewells are often left
uncovered after usage, posing significant safety hazards. These incidents are not only life-threatening
but also make rescue operations difficult due to the borewell's narrow and deep structure. Traditional
rescue methods can be slow and inefficient, further endangering the child's life.

This project aims to design and implement a reliable, cost-effective, and efficient rescue system using
Zigbee technology for long-range wireless communication. Zigbee, a low- power and reliable wireless
communication protocol, is ideal for real-time monitoring and controlling devices over long distances

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Implementation of a Child Rescue System from Bore-well using Zigbee for Long Range Communication
in remote areas. Its low latency and high reliability make it suitable for emergency situations like child
rescues, where quick responses are crucial.

The proposed system includes a robotic arm equipped with sensors and a camera, which can be
controlled remotely to reach and safely rescue the trapped child. Zigbee technology facilitates realtime
communication between the rescue unit and the control center, ensuring smooth operation over long
distances. This project also aims to minimize the risk to both the trapped child and rescue personnel by
reducing the need for manual intervention inside the borewell.

Ultimately, the goal is to improve response times in borewell rescue scenarios and offer a safer, more
efficient alternative to traditional rescue methods, helping to prevent fatalities and reduce trauma in
such critical situations.

1.4 Objective of the project

The objective of our B.E. final year project, entitled “Implementation of a Child Rescue System from
Borewell using Zigbee for Long Range Applications,” is to design and develop a reliable, efficient, and
safe system for rescuing children trapped in borewells. The project aims to leverage wireless
communication and automation technologies to enhance the rescue process and improve the safety and
effectiveness of such operations. The specific objectives of the project are as follows:

1. To built an effective child monitoring and rescue device from bore well: Rescuing the child
becomes the top most priority in cases like this. Building an effective child monitoring rescue
device to rescue the child from the bore well is the main objective of this project.
2. To monitor the status of the child trapped within the bore well using camera: This system
using a camera module to monitor the status of the child. The camera is tied to the rod and
suspended inside the bore well. The camera goes where the child is present, and the video is
streamed live on a screen from where we can monitor the child.
3. To monitor the parameters such as Temperature, Pressure, and Oxygen Concentration
within the bore well: This system focuses on monitoring a set of parameters to ensure the
safety of the child. The parameters are Temperature, Pressure and Oxygen. These parameters
are measured using sensors which is discussed components section. .

4. To Manually monitor the child with the help of a camera and controlling unit of the
system: A camera attached to the rescue device will provide real-time video feedback to the
rescue team, allowing them to accurately assess the child’s position, condition, and surrounding
environment. This monitoring system ensures that rescuers can make informed decisions
throughout the operation.

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Implementation of a Child Rescue System from Bore-well using Zigbee for Long Range Communication
5. To Communicate with the system by sending appropriate commands to it and activating
the suitable motors: The system will be equipped with multiple motors, each responsible for
specific movements and actions. Through Zigbee wireless communication, the controlling

unit will send commands to activate these motors, ensuring precise control over the device’s
movement inside the borewell.

6. Once the system reaches proximity to the child, it is stopped immediately and given
commands by the controlling device to perform the closing of the systemic arms: The
gripper of the device will be designed to carefully approach the child without causing harm.
Once it is close enough, the arms will be commanded to gently close around the child, providing
support and ensuring their safety before the extraction process begins.

7. Controlling a system to safely lift the child from inside the borewell, which is controlled
by a person from outside: The final objective is to carefully lift the child out of the borewell
using the robotic system. The entire operation, including positioning, gripping, and lifting, will be
controlled by a human operator using the Zigbee interface, ensuring that the extraction is done smoothly
and safely.

8. To Ensure quick response and minimizing human risk: The system is designed to operate
quickly and efficiently, reducing the time required for rescue operations. By minimizing the
need for manual intervention inside the borewell, the risk to both the child and the rescuers is
significantly reduced.

9. To Develop a portable and cost-effective solution for wide deployment: The project aims to
create a rescue system that is portable, affordable, and suitable for long-range applications,
particularly in rural and remote areas where borewell accidents are more prevalent.

10. To ensure an effective and reliable communication between the transmitter and receiver
using Zigbee: The communication module used in this system is the Zigbee communication
module. Zigbee communication is used for long range communication. In this system there is
a transmitter block and a receiver block, these two blocks communicate with each other using
the Zigbee communication
These objectives collectively aim to provide a safer and more effective method for rescuing children
trapped in borewells, improving response times and reducing risks in such life- threatening situation

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Chapter 2
LITERATURE SURVEY
2.1 Related work and its overview
In this paper [1] In 2020, Siddharth Singh, Manash Jyoti Baruah, and Rahul Kumar Verma proposed a
child rescue system presented at the 7th International Conference on Signal Processing and Integrated
Networks (SPIN). This system utilizes sensors, microcontrollers, and grippers to monitor and control
the rescue process, with Zigbee technology enabling long-range communication. Key parameters
monitored include temperature, gas detection, and the child's status within the borewell, while grippers
are employed for the physical rescue operation. The system offers a high-speed and efficient rescue
solution compared to existing methods. However, its focus remains primarily on rescue operations,
limiting its functionality to monitoring various parameters without additional control mechanisms.

In this paper [2] In 2021, A. Balachandar, P. Kumaravel, R. Pradeep Raj, M. Gokul, M. M.

Gokulakrishnan, and S. Jayalakshmi presented a child rescue system at the 3rd International
Conference on Signal Processing and Communication (ICPSC). The system features a movable breadth
robot designed to rescue a child trapped in a borewell by monitoring vital conditions, supplying oxygen,
and utilizing a saddle and other mechanical machinery for the rescue. The system monitors temperature,
detects poisonous gases, and tracks the child's position and status using a camera, with Zigbee
employed for long-range communication. This approach helps monitor the borewell's conditions
effectively while reducing rescue time. However, the system could benefit from incorporating a
distance-capturing sensor for enhanced accuracy.

In this paper [3] In 2022, Mrs. V. Saritha, P. Aishwarya, MD. Shafi, P. Saiteja, and N. Jayanth
Emmanuel proposed a child rescue system published in the Journal of Engineering Sciences. The
methodology involves using a clipper equipped with a camera to rescue a child trapped in a borewell.
The system monitors temperature and poisonous gases and manually observes the child’s condition
through the camera, while the rescue is carried out using a joystick- operated clipper. This approach is

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Implementation of a Child Rescue System from Bore-well using Zigbee for Long Range Communication
cost-effective and easy to operate; however, it lacks an automated control mechanism, limiting its
functionality in complex rescue scenarios.

In this paper [4] In 2022, Dr. M. Ramkumar, Jana K, Jeevan Babu M. S., and Bharathi G. presented a
child rescue system at the 6th International Conference on Electronics, Communication and Aerospace
Technology (ICECA). Their proposed method focuses on rescuing a child from a borewell using a
robotic arm, with the child's position and temperature monitored through a CCTV camera. The system
allows for quick rescue operations, efficiently monitoring the child's status using various sensors.
However, the system only focuses on monitoring vital parameters and lacks any control measures. For
improved accuracy in distance measurement.

In this paper [5] In 2023, Yaswanth Gangula, Sagi S. S. Pavan Kumar, and Suresh Kumar T.
R. introduced a child rescue system at the International Conference on Sustainable Computing and
Smart Systems (ICSCSS). Their method involves using multisensor fusion, communication devices,
and a cloud-based application to monitor the borewell's status and send alerts to authorities in case of
emergencies. The system monitors motion near the borewell, temperature, pressure, and CO2 levels,
and employs a 3D-printed gripper for the rescue operation. It efficiently provides real-time
notifications, including the location and status of the trapped child. However, for smooth operation, it
requires strong network connectivity to ensure efficient transmission of alerts and monitored data.

In this paper [6] In 2023, Bhavana Thota, Karthik Reddy Challabotla, Teja Vuppala, and A. Lavanya
presented a child rescue system at the International Conference on Innovative Data Communication
Technologies and Application (ICIDCA). Their proposed method features an arm gripper with a
flexible base designed to safely extract a child trapped in a borewell, preventing the child from sinking
further. The system monitors the child's position using a wireless webcam and detects temperature and
gas levels. The innovative flexible base, along with a microcontroller-based control system, enhances
the efficiency of the rescue operation.However, the system lacks control measures beyond the rescue
process, and incorporating ultrasonic sensors could improve the accuracy of distance measurement.

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2.2 Comparison table of literature survey

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Chapter 3
DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION
3.1 Block Diagram

Fig1: Transmitter Block Diagram

As per the design of the circuit, the multiple sensors such as the Temperature sensor, Pressure sensor,
Oxygen sensor and PIR sensor are being interfaced to the microcontroller. The microcontroller which
is connected to the external Zigbee module establishes a wireless network communication. The
microcontroller reads the data available from the sensors and transmits the data to the ground control
unit to monitor via Zigbee. The microcontroller is further interfaced to a relay that controls the air pump
based on the threshold values set for the oxygen sensor. The microcontroller is also interfaced to
multiple DC motors that facilitates the rescue operation upon the command received from the ground
control unit. For the easy debugging purpose, An LCD is connected to verify the working of the circuit.
An ESP32 CAM module is also incorporated in the circuit for performing the live streaming.

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Fig2: Receiver Block Diagram

The above diagram represents the ground control unit. It mainly consists an external Zigbee module.
The Zigbee module establishes the wireless communication network through which the readings are
being received from the Transmitter block. This unit also responsible for providing the commands for
the working of the rescue mechanism.

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Implementation of a Child Rescue System from Bore-well using Zigbee for Long Range Communication

3.2 Circuit Diagram

Fig3: Transmitter Circuit

Power Supply: The power for the circuit is provided using an adapter, using which all the sensors,
motor drivers, camera and all the motors are powered.
Sensors:
DHT11 sensor: The sensor is powered using 5v and the data signal is connected to GPIO 19. SpO2
sensor: The sensor is powered using 5v and the data is sent using the I2C communication where SDA
and SCL is connected to 21 and 22 respectively.
PIR sensor: The sensor is powered using 5v and the data signal is connected to GPIO 18.
BMP280 sensor: The sensor is powered using 5v and the data is sent using the I2C communication
where SDA and SCL is connected to 21 and 22 respectively.
ESP32 CAM Module: The camera module is powered using a 5v battery source.
Motor drivers: The motor drivers are powered using 5v.The driver is further interfaced to the motors
,the power source powering the motors and are connected to GPIO pins 14,25,26,27,32,33 respectively.

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Implementation of a Child Rescue System from Bore-well using Zigbee for Long Range Communication
I2C LCD: The LCD is powered using 5v and the data is sent using the I2C communication where SDA
and SCL is connected to 21 and 22 respectively.
Zigbee Module: The module is powered using 5v.The transmitting and receiving of Zigbee signals are
facilitated by interfacing the Tx and Rx to Tx2 and Rx2 of the microcontroller respectively.

Fig4: Receiver Circuit

Power Supply: The power for the circuit is provided using a Micro USB cable attached to a PC, using
which all the Zigbee module is powered.
Zigbee Module: The module is powered using 5v.The transmitting and receiving of Zigbee signals are
facilitated by interfacing the Tx and Rx to Tx2 and Rx2 of the microcontroller respectively.

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Implementation of a Child Rescue System from Bore-well using Zigbee for Long Range Communication

3.3 Flow Chart

Fig5: Transmitter Block Flow Chart

The flowchart represents a system workflow for monitoring environmental conditions and managing
oxygen supply.
1. Initialization: The system initializes by establishing Zigbee and internet connections.

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Implementation of a Child Rescue System from Bore-well using Zigbee for Long Range Communication
2. Sensor Data Acquisition: It reads various sensor data, including:
o Oxygen (O₂) concentration. o Pressure and altitude readings. o Temperature and humidity
levels.
o Motion detection.
3. Decision Logic: If O₂ concentration falls below a predefined threshold, the system activates a
pump to supply oxygen.
4. Data Handling:
o All sensor readings are sent to a coordinator.
o Simultaneously, live video is captured.
5. Reiteration: The process continuously loops until the system is stopped.

Fig6: Receiver Block Flow chart

The flowchart represents a system workflow for monitoring environmental conditions.

1. Initialization: The system initializes by establishing Zigbee and internet connections.
2. Data Collection: Collect readings for:
o Oxygen (O₂) concentration.
o Pressure and altitude.

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Implementation of a Child Rescue System from Bore-well using Zigbee for Long Range Communication
o Temperature and humidity. o Motion detection.
o Live video streaming
3. Reiteration: The process continuously loops until the system is stopped.

3.4 Components

Hardware Components
➢ ESP32 Dev module

➢ Zigbee Module

➢ Temperature Sensor - DHT11

➢ Pressure Sensor - BMP280

➢ PIR sensor - HC - SR501

➢ Oxygen concentration detection sensor – SpO2

➢ I2C LCD

➢ Camera Module - ESP-CAM

➢ 2 Channel relay module

➢ DC motor

➢ DC motor driver

➢ Power Supply

Software requirements
➢ Arduino IDE (1.8.19)

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Implementation of a Child Rescue System from Bore-well using Zigbee for Long Range Communication
➢ Technology Used - Zigbee

➢ Operating System: Windows 11

➢ Programming Language : C Programming

3.4.1 Hardware Used

1. Microcontroller:
 ESP32 Dev Module:

Fig7:ESP32 Dev Module

 Processor: The ESP32 has a 32-bit LX6 microprocessor with a dual-core or single-core
architecture. It can operate at 160 or 240 MHz and perform up to 600 DMIPS.

 Memory: The ESP32 has 520 KB of RAM and 448 KB of ROM.

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Implementation of a Child Rescue System from Bore-well using Zigbee for Long Range Communication
 Wireless connectivity: The ESP32 has Wi-Fi 802.11 b/g/n and Bluetooth v4.2 BR/EDR and
BLE.

 Peripheral interfaces: The ESP32 has 34 programmable GPIOs, 10 touch sensors, and 2 12bit
SAR ADCs.

 Power: The ESP32 can be powered by a USB Micro B connector or the “VIN” pin. It can also
operate on an external supply of 6 to 20 volts.

 Programming: The ESP32 has a serial-to-USB chip that allows programming and opening the
UART of the ESP32 module.

 Communication: The ESP32 can communicate with the outside world using wired and
wireless communication.
The ESP32 is a low-power and low-cost development board from Espressif Systems. It has a wide
range of applications, including smart displays, smart plugs, and smart switches.

2. Zigbee Module:

Fig8:Zigbee Module – RFX240

The RFX240 module is a wireless transceiver module commonly used for Zigbee or other lowpower
wireless communication applications.
 Frequency: 2.4 GHz ISM band.
 Protocol: Supports Zigbee, IEEE 802.15.4, or custom RF protocols.
 Low Power Consumption: Suitable for battery-operated devices.
 Range: Provides a range of up to several hundred meters (line of sight).
 Data Rate: Generally supports data rates of up to 250 kbps.

 Applications: IoT devices, sensor networks, home automation, industrial monitoring, and
wireless control systems.

3. Sensors
 Temperature Sensor - DHT11

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Fig9:DHT11

The DHT11 is a commonly used Temperature and humidity sensor that comes with a dedicated NTC
to measure temperature and an 8-bit microcontroller to output the values of temperature and humidity
as serial data. Specifications:
 Operating Voltage: 3.5V to 5.5V
 Operating current: 0.3mA (measuring) 60uA (standby)
 Output: Serial data
 Temperature Range: 0°C to 50°C Humidity Range: 20% to 90%

 Resolution: Temperature and Humidity both are 16-bit Accuracy: ±1°C and ±1% The
DHT11 sensor operates within the 3.3V to 5.5V range.

 Pressure Sensor - BMP280

Fig10:BMP280

This BMP280 Atmospheric Sensor Breakout is the easy way to measure barometric pressure, and
temperature readings all without taking up too much space. Basically, anything you need to know about
atmospheric conditions you can find out from this tiny breakout. The BME280 Breakout has been
design to be used in indoor/outdoor navigation, weather forecasting, home automation, and even
personal health and wellness monitoring.

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This module uses an environmental sensor manufactured by Bosch with temperature, barometric
pressure sensor that is the next generation upgrade to the popular BMP085/BMP180/BMP183 Sensor.
This sensor is great for all sorts of weather sensing and can even be used in both I2C and SPI! This
precision sensor from Bosch is the best low-cost, precision sensing solution for measuring barometric
pressure with ±1 hPa absolute accuraccy, and temperature with ±1.0°C accuracy. Because pressure
changes with altitude, and the pressure measurements are so good, you can also use it as an altimeter
with ±1 meter accuracy.

Features
 Get more precise temperature, atmospheric pressure values, and approximate altitude data
 Enhancement of GPS navigation (e.g. time-tofirst-fix improvement, dead-reckoning, slope
detection)

 Health care applications (e.g. spirometry) Vertical velocity indication (e.g. rise/sink speed)
 Libraries and tutorials available for Arduino and other micro controllers Operating Voltage:
1.71V to 3.6V – would typically be operated from 3.3V
 Operating Temperature: -40 to +85 deg. Celsius (full accuracy between 0 and +65 deg. C)
Operating Pressure: 300 hPa to 1100 hPa
 Peak current: 1.12mA

 Accuracy between 700 to 900hPa and 25 to 40 deg. C: ±0.12hPa and ±1.0m  The BMP280
sensor operates within a voltage range of 1.71V to 3.6V.

 PIR sensor- HC-SR501

Fig11: HC-SR501

A passive infrared (PIR) sensor is an electronic sensor that measures infrared (IR) light radiating from
objects in its field of view. They’re most frequently utilized in PIR-based motion detectors.

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PIR sensor can detect changes in the amount of infrared radiation impinging upon it, which varies
depending on the temperature and surface characteristics of the objects in front of the sensor.

The HC-SR501 sensor is a highly versatile component often used in automated lighting, security
systems, and other devices that are sensitive to motion. Depending on how this is set up, HC-SR501
can operate in wide distances or various ranges, as well as on extreme temperatures.

Despite being small, motion sensors come with many components. Two of the essential ones are a
pyroelectric sensor and a special lens called Fresnel.

The pyroelectric sensor has a pair of positive and negative electrodes and another pair of rectangular
slots at the front. The latter allows infrared radiation to pass through. The electrodes, on the other hand,
determine if there’s any fluctuation in the IR waves.

Both electrodes work by canceling each other out, so it should not create any signal or output when
there’s no movement. Otherwise, the output may be either high or low, depending on the level of
infrared waves the module can detect.

Operating Voltage Range: 4.5V to 20V

However, the most common voltages used for powering the HC-SR501 are:5V (widely used with
Arduino, ESP32, ESP8266, and similar microcontrollers).12V (can be used for higher range or more
power-demanding applications).

 Oxygen concentration detection sensor – SpO2

 
Fig12: SpO2

A SpO2 sensor (Peripheral Oxygen Saturation sensor) is a non-invasive device used to measure the
oxygen saturation level in blood, which indicates the percentage of hemoglobin in the blood that is
carrying oxygen.
 Measurement Principle: Uses pulse oximetry, which relies on light absorption characteristics
of oxygenated and deoxygenated hemoglobin.
 Accuracy:

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o Typically accurate within ±2% in the 70-100% SpO2 range. o Can be affected by
motion, skin pigmentation, ambient light, or poor perfusion.

 Camera Module - ESP-CAM

Fig13:ESP32-CAM

ESP32-CAM is a low-cost ESP32-based development board with onboard camera, small in size. It is
an ideal solution for IoT application, prototypes constructions and DIY projects. The board integrates
Wi-Fi, traditional Bluetooth and low power BLE , with 2 high performance 32-bit LX6 CPUs. It adopts
7-stage pipeline architecture, on-chip sensor, Hall sensor, temperature sensor and so on, and its main
frequency adjustment ranges from 80MHz to 240MHz. Fully compliant with Wi-Fi 802.11b/g/n/e/i and
Bluetooth 4.2 standards, it can be used as a master mode to build an independent network controller,
or as a slave to other host MCUs to add networking capabilities to existing devices.

Features

 The smallest 802.11b/g/n Wi-Fi BT SoC module



 Low power 32-bit CPU, can also serve the application processor
 Up to 160MHz clock speed, summary computing power up to 600 DMIPS
 Built-in 520 KB SRAM, external 4MPSRAM
 Supports UART/SPI/I2C/PWM/ADC/DAC
 Support OV2640 and OV7670 cameras, built-in flash lamp
 Support image WiFI upload
 Support TF card
 Supports multiple sleep modes
 Embedded Lwip and FreeRTOS
 Supports STA/AP/STA+AP operation mode
 Support Smart Config/AirKiss technology
 Support for serial port local and remote firmware upgrades

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The ESP32 microcontroller, which powers the ESP-CAM board, operates at 3.3V internally, but the
board itself can be powered either by 3.3V or 5V, depending on the supply method.

4. Relays

 Relay module

Fig14:2 channeled relay

A relay module is essentially a circuit board that houses one or more relays. These modules come in
diverse shapes and sizes, with the most common configurations being rectangular boards containing 2,
4, or 8 relays. Each relay module is equipped with various components such as indicator LEDs,
protection diodes, transistors, and resistors. The primary information about a relay module, including
its input voltage rating, switch voltage, and current limit, is typically printed on its surface for easy
reference.
At its core, a relay is an electrical switch that operates under the control of an electromagnet. When this
electromagnet is activated, it can either open or close the switch, allowing or preventing the flow of
current through the circuit.

The usefulness of relay modules extends far beyond the simplicity of their function. From the comfort

of home automation systems that brighten rooms at a clap to the unyielding precision of industrial
machinery that carves out masterpieces, relay modules prove crucial. They are pivotal in ensuring that
the various elements within a system can seamlessly and safely communicate, handle loads, and
perform tasks with synchronized agility.

The primary function of a relay module is to switch electrical devices or systems on and off. It also
serves to isolate control circuits, ensuring that low-power devices, such as microcontrollers, can safely
control higher voltages and currents.

Operating Voltage for Relays:

o 5V to 12V DC for most low-power control relays.

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o 24V DC or 48V DC for industrial or higher-power applications.

5. Motors

 DC Motor:

Fig15:DC motor

DC motors take electrical power through direct current, and convert this energy into mechanical
rotation.

 DC Motor Driver:

Fig16:DC Motor Driver

They provide a means of controlling the speed and direction of the motor and they protect the
microcontroller from the motor's power demands.

6. I2C LCD:

Fig17: I2C LCD

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An I2C LCD is a liquid crystal display module that uses the I2C (Inter-Integrated Circuit)
communication protocol to simplify interfacing with microcontrollers. This reduces the number of pins
required compared to traditional parallel LCD interfaces.

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3.4.2 Software Requirements

1. Arduino IDE (1.8.19)

Arduino IDE 1.8.19 is a stable version of the Arduino Integrated Development Environment (IDE)
used for writing, compiling, and uploading code to Arduino-compatible microcontrollers. It is widely
used by hobbyists, educators, and developers for creating electronic projects.

 User Interface: o Simple, beginner-friendly editor for writing and managing Arduino sketches
(programs). o Integrated serial monitor for debugging and real-time communication with
Arduino boards.
 Code Management: o Supports the Arduino programming language (C/C++).
o Built-in examples and libraries for common tasks like I2C, SPI, and sensor interfacing. o
Easy library management through the Library Manager.
 Board Support:
o Supports a wide range of Arduino boards (e.g., Uno, Mega, Nano, Due) and third-party boards.
o Includes the Boards Manager to add support for custom hardware platforms.
 Compiler and Uploader: o Uses the AVR-GCC compiler to compile sketches. o Uploads
compiled code to microcontrollers via USB.
 Cross-Platform:
o Compatible with Windows, MacOS, and Linux operating systems.
 Customization: o Users can add additional libraries and modify settings. o Supports plugins
and third-party tools for advanced development.

2. Zigbee:
Zigbee is a wireless communication protocol designed for low-power, low-data-rate, and short-range
communication. It is commonly used in Internet of Things (IoT) devices and other smart home or
automation systems. Zigbee operates in the 2.4 GHz ISM band (International Scientific and Medical
band) and is based on the IEEE 802.15.4 standard, which is the foundation for low-rate wireless
personal area networks (LR-WPANs).

Zigbee is especially useful in applications that require small, battery-powered devices to communicate
over short distances and operate for a long time without needing frequent recharging.

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 Low Power Consumption

 Low Data Rate

 Short-Range Communication
 Mesh Networking
 Low Latency
 Security
 Interoperability

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3.5 Implementation

3.5.1 Software Implementation

3.5.1.1 Camera Configuration

To configure and use an ESP32-CAM in an Arduino we will need to install and include specific
libraries.

Essential Libraries

 ESP32 Board Package

o Install via Arduino IDE:

Tools → Boards Manager → Search for ESP32 → Install the Espressif Systems package.

 WiFi Library

o Built-in with the ESP32 board package.

o Include it with:

 #include <WiFi.h>

 ESP32 Camera Library

o It is built into the ESP32 board package.

o Include it with:

 #include "esp_camera.h"

 Web Server Library (Optional for web streaming) o Built-in with the

ESP32 board package. o Include it with:

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 #include <WebServer.h>

Code:

Fig18: CAM library

OV2640.h: This is a specific header for the OV2640 camera sensor. If you encounter issues, you may
want to check if this file is required, as the more common approach is to use esp camera.h from the
ESP32 package.
WiFi.h: Manages Wi-Fi connectivity on the ESP32.
WebServer.h: This allows the ESP32 to create a simple web server to serve image streams or
snapshots.
WiFiClient.h: Manages a Wi-Fi client.

Fig19: Board Specification

Here, we are specifying which ESP32-CAM board model you're using.

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 AI-Thinker is the most popular and common board.
 The other models have different pin layouts.

Fig20: Pin Specification

Pin Functions :
 Power and Reset Control o PWDN_GPIO_NUM (-1): This pin is used to power down the
camera. Since it's set to 1, it's not used.
o RESET_GPIO_NUM (-1): The reset pin is also not used, so it is set to -1.
 Clock and I2C Communication o XCLK (GPIO 0): The external clock (XCLK) provides a
20 MHz signal to the camera sensor.
o SDA (GPIO 26) and SCL (GPIO 27): These pins control the I2C communication for
configuring the camera registers.
 Data Lines (Y9 - Y2) o These are the 8-bit parallel data bus used to transfer image data from
the camera to the ESP32.
o GPIOs Y9 to Y2 are connected to the camera's image data bus.
o Each bit corresponds to one part of the 8-bit data for the pixel value.

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 Control Signals o VSYNC (GPIO 25): This signal indicates the start of a new frame.
o HREF (GPIO 23): The horizontal reference signal indicates the start of a new row of
pixels. o PCLK (GPIO 22): The pixel clock (PCLK) synchronizes the data read from the
Y2-Y9 pins.
 Flash LED Pin o FLASH_LED_PIN (GPIO 4): This pin is used to control the flash LED on
the ESP32CAM. It is often used to add additional light while capturing images.
o The flash can be controlled via a simple digitalWrite(FLASH_LED_PIN, HIGH)
command.

Fig21: Config Pin

 The Y2-Y9 GPIOs are the 8-bit parallel data bus for pixel data.
 Each of these pins carries 1 bit of the 8-bit image data from the camera.
 The pins Y2-Y9 are configured as inputs on the ESP32.
 During a pixel transfer, the bits of the image pixel (for each colour) are sent through these pins.

Fig22: Wifi Setup

 WiFi.mode(WIFI_STA): Sets the ESP32 to Station mode (STA) to connect to an existing Wi-
Fi network.
 In STA mode, the ESP32 connects to your Wi-Fi router, unlike AP mode, where it acts as a Wi-
Fi hotspot.
 WiFi.begin(SSID1, PWD1): Connects to the Wi-Fi network with the SSID and password.
 Replace SSID1 and PWD1 with your Wi-Fi network name and password.
 while (WiFi.status() != WL_CONNECTED): Waits until the Wi-Fi connection is established.

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 If the Wi-Fi is not connected, the loop keeps printing dots (.) every 500ms.

Fig23: Server

This section defines the web server endpoints that allow users to access the live video stream and
static images.
 Video Stream ("/mjpeg/1") o Path: /mjpeg/1 o Calls the function handle_jpg_stream() to
start the MJPEG stream.
o This allows you to see a live video stream in a web browser.
 Snapshot Image ("/jpg") o Path: /jpg o Calls the function handle_jpg() to capture a single
snapshot.
o If you open http://192.168.1.101/jpg in your browser, it will return a single JPEG image,
not a video stream.
 404 Page (for unknown requests) o If someone visits an unknown URL like
http://192.168.1.101/invalid it will trigger the handleNotFound() function.
o This function could return a 404 Not Found response.
 server.begin() o Starts the web server and listens for incoming HTTP requests. Functions
Overview
 handle_jpg_stream() o Streams a live video feed (MJPEG) to the web browser. o The
MJPEG stream sends one image at a time as fast as possible.
o The browser decodes and displays it like a video.
 handle_jpg() o Captures a single snapshot and returns it as a JPEG image.
o Useful if you want to download a static image, not a video stream.
 handleNotFound()
o This function is called if the requested URL is not found. o It
returns a 404 Not Found page.

Fig24: URL

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 This prints the URL where you can view the live stream in your browser.
 The full URL will look like this (assuming the local IP
is 192.168.1.101): http://192.168.1.101/mjpeg/1
 Open this link in any web browser (like Chrome) to see the video stream.
3.5.1.2 Zigbee Configuration

Transmitter:

The Arduino code implements a Child Monitoring System using multiple sensors and actuators.

 Included Libraries: o LiquidCrystal_I2C.h: Used to control the LCD via I2C

communication. o Wire.h and SPI.h: Provide I2C and SPI communication support. o
Adafruit_BMP280.h: Manages the BMP280 sensor for pressure and temperature readings.
o MAX30100_pulseoximeter.h: Manages the O2 SpO2 sensor for the oxygen saturation
readings. o dht.h: Handles the DHT11 sensor for temperature and humidity readings.

 Sensors and Modules:

o BMP280: Reads pressure and altitude.
o DHT11: Measures temperature and humidity.
o MAX30100: Monitors SpO2 (oxygen saturation) and heartbeat (BPM). o PIR Sensor: Detects
motion (child presence).
o I2C LCD: Displays system status and readings.
 Functionalities:
o Initializes sensors and checks their readiness. o Logs and displays data (SpO2, BPM,
temperature, humidity, and pressure).
o Triggers an alert using a relay if SpO2 drops below 60%.
o Controls motors via serial commands (up, down, rotate in different directions).
 Communication: o Uses Serial for data logging and debugging. o Uses Serial2
for external communication. o Displays real-time data on an LCD.
 Motor Control:
o Predefined functions manage motor movements (e.g., rotate or move up/down) using output
pins.
 Alerts: o Activates a relay and displays "Low Oxygen" on the LCD when SpO2
is critically low. o Displays "Child Detected" when motion is sensed.

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 Loop Execution: o Continuously monitors sensors, executes commands from
Serial2, and updates outputs accordingly.

Fig25:Library inclusion

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Fig26:Sp02 function

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Fig27: Dht11 function

Fig28: Motor control function

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Receiver:

The Arduino sketch sets up serial communication and sends/receives data between the main serial port
(Serial) and the second serial port (Serial2).

 setup() function: o Initializes the first serial port (Serial) and the second serial
port (Serial2) to a baud rate of 9600.
o Sends a message "Child Monitoring System" to the main serial monitor and pauses for 500
milliseconds.
 loop() function: o Reading from Serial2: If data is available on Serial2, it
reads the data as a string and prints it to the main serial monitor (Serial).
o Reading from Serial: If data is available on Serial, it reads a character and prints it to both
the main serial monitor and forwards it to Serial2.

3.5.2 Hardware Implementation

 The hardware consists of the hardware components, the circuitry and the rescue system. The
hardware components are listed in the section ___ and the circuit is shown in the figure__.

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 The rescue system is used to rescue the child that has fallen into the borewell. The sensor readings
are transmitted and received via the Zigbee communication and the readings are displayed on the
liquid crystal display and the serial monitor of the Arduino ide.
 The rescue system consists of a rotating plane. The metal rod goes inside the borewell and at
reaching the child the gripper open and grips the child to ensure that the child does not sink in
further. The two grippers are attached to the metal rod at a distance, such that it can grip the child
during the rescue. The rotating plane and two grippers are controlled using dc motor respectively.
The dc motors facilitates in lifting the child up out of the borewell.
 The rescue system consists of four dc motors. These dc motors are used to perform the rescue
mission. The first dc motor controls the pulley system. The rescue system has to enter the borewell,
this dc motor helps in controlling the to and fro motion of the rescue system within the borewell.
 The second dc motor controls the rotating mechanism. This dc motor is responsible for the
clockwise and anti-clockwise rotation. It also helps in positioning of the rod inside the borewell.
 Upon reaching the child, the rotating plane is set to an angle, such that the rod is placed in the space
available between the child and the borewell wall with the help of the video streamed using the
camera module. After the positioning of the rod, with the help of the pulley system, the rod is further
lowered such that the grippers can hold onto the child securely upon activation.
 The two grippers are controlled by the third and fourth dc motor respectively. These motors control
the grippers to bend at angle of 45 degree. The 45 degree angle of the gripper helps to hold the child
in place while the child is being taken out from the borewell.
 Multiple commands are given to control these dc motors during the rescue operation. These
commands are given from the receiver end of the circuit.
o To move the rescue system up and down the commands U and D are given, U for up and D for
down. o The second dc motor responsible for rotating mechanism is controlled by the command
‘A’ and ‘a’ for clockwise rotation and anti-clockwise rotation respectively. o The third and fourth
dc motors are used for 45 degree rotation in clockwise and anti – clockwise direction. The third dc
motor is controlled using the commands ‘B’ and ‘b’ for 45 degree clockwise and 45 degree anti-
clockwise respectively. The fourth dc motor uses the commands ‘C’ and ‘c’ for 45 degree clockwise
and anticlockwise respectively.

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Fig29: Transmitter

Fig30: Receiver

Fig31: Rescue mechanism

3.6 Results

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The proposed methodology helped in demonstrating an effective implementation of advanced
technologies in rescue operations. Combining Zigbee communication, robotic systems, and
sensordriven surveillance, the system presented an efficient and reliable method for rescuing children
from borewells.

The system deployed contained real-time monitoring capabilities, with sensors installed to accurately
measure parameters like oxygen levels, temperature, and pressure. This information was then sent to
a control unit via Zigbee technology that ensures efficient, low-power communication over extended
distances.

The foldable gripper design ensured the child's safe stabilization during the extraction process, and the
ESP32-CAM ensured real-time video streaming, which was crucial for accurate positioning and
oversight throughout the rescue operation. The mechanisms controlled by DC motors worked in
harmony to allow the system to function effectively within the limited dimensions of a borewell. The
remote-controlled operations reduced risks to human rescuers and improved response times, thus
emphasizing the safety and practicality of the design.

Experiments performed within controlled environments proved the reliability of the system and its
ability to adapt. The cooperative functioning of hardware and software components was able to produce
consistent results.This project's success emphasizes the importance of using current communication
and robotic technologies to design innovative, life-saving interventions for real-world problems.

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Fig32: Rescue system

Fig33:Circuitry

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Fig34:Circuitry

Fig35:Circuitry

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3.7 Discussion

 Zigbee offers low-power, short-range wireless communication, enabling real-time monitoring of

the child's position, vitals, and other environmental factors. The system can send live data to a
central rescue team, ensuring timely actions are taken.

 Sensors placed near or within the borewell can relay continuous data such as depth, temperature,
and any possible movement within the borewell, ensuring that the child's condition is monitored
accurately.

 Zigbee is specifically designed to consume very little power, making it ideal for long-duration
monitoring. In situations like a borewell rescue, where devices need to operate for extended
periods without frequent recharging or maintenance, the low-power aspect of Zigbee is a
significant advantage.

 In borewell rescue scenarios, traditional wired communication systems may be impractical due
to the confined, narrow, and deep nature of the borewell. Zigbee's wireless technology can
function effectively in such challenging environments, ensuring uninterrupted data transmission
and control.

 With real-time data transmission and automatic notifications, the rescue team can respond to an
emergency with greater speed and precision. This can significantly reduce the time it takes to
rescue a child, which is critical for their safety.

 The integration of multiple sensors (e.g., motion, temperature, gas sensors) can help detect any
hazards within the borewell, such as the potential for gas leaks, or oxygen depletion. This allows
the rescue team to assess risks more effectively and take appropriate measures to ensure the
child's safety.

 Zigbee's interoperability with a wide range of devices ensures that the system can integrate with
various types of equipment such as cameras, communication devices, sensors, and even grippers
for holding or rescuing.

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Chapter 4
CONCLUSION
4.1 Summary of the project

The project "Implementation of a Child Rescue System from Bore-Well Using Zigbee for Long
Range Communication" is an excellent example of how contemporary technologies can be used to
implement vital rescue operations. Zigbee technology, robotic systems, and sensor-driven surveillance
have all been integrated in this initiative, providing a reliable and efficient means of rescuing children
trapped in bore wells.
The system will enable continuous surveillance of the status and surroundings of the child with
sensors and cameras, which can allow for correct rescue interventions by reducing potential dangers
for both the child and the rescuers. It has a foldable gripper design that provides stability during
extraction and long-range communication capabilities via Zigbee for easy remote control of the rescue
system.
This project highlights the need to combine low-power communication protocols with advanced
robotic technologies to solve real-world problems. It opens up avenues for further development and
wider deployment of such systems in rural and semi-urban areas where borewell accidents regularly
take place. Further development of this system could include enhanced automation, greater portability,
and affordable deployment, thus ensuring that life-saving technologies are accessible to everyone.

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Implementation of a Child Rescue System from Bore-well using Zigbee for Long Range Communication
4.2 Limitations

 Zigbee has a relatively short communication range, typically around 10 to 100 meters, depending
on environmental factors like obstacles or interference. In deep or very narrow borewells,
maintaining a consistent connection between Zigbee nodes might become difficult, particularly if
the borewell is very deep or has multiple layers of materials that could block signals.
 The environment around the borewell can affect the functionality of Zigbee. For example:
o Soil conditions or water (in case of flooding) around the borewell could interfere with wireless
communication.
o Narrow borewells with significant bends or twists may make it difficult for Zigbee signals to
travel.
o High humidity or temperature variations can also impact the effectiveness of sensors and
wireless communication.

 Zigbee can be prone to interference from other wireless devices or technologies operating on the
same frequency, such as Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, or other Zigbee networks. In areas where there are many
wireless devices, the signal quality might degrade, reducing the effectiveness of the communication
system

4.3 Future Work

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Implementation of a Child Rescue System from Bore-well using Zigbee for Long Range Communication
 Incorporating a base that prevents the child from sinking further during a rescue operation is an
important improvement to ensure that the child remains stable and safe during the entire process.
This base would essentially act as a stabilizing platform that provides support to the child and
prevents them from being pulled deeper into the borewell, thus facilitating a safer and more
efficient rescue.

 Testing the Child Rescue System using Zigbee in a real-world borewell setup is a phase in
ensuring the system’s efficiency, reliability, and safety. Testing in a real-time scenario simulates
actual rescue conditions and provides valuable data on how well the system performs under
various constraints (e.g., depth, obstacles, child movements, environmental conditions).

 Enhancing the rescue mechanism by choosing the appropriate materials that is comparatively cost
effective and smaller but able to withstand the applied weight and withstand the environmental
condition.

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Implementation of a Child Rescue System from Bore-well using Zigbee for Long Range Communication

REFERENCES

[1] Siddharth Singh,Manash Jyoti Baruah,Rahul Kumar Verma, “Implementation of a Child Rescue
System from Borewell using Zigbee for Long Range Applications”, 7th International Conference
on Signal Processing and Integrated Networks (SPIN),2020,ISBN:978-1-7281- 5475-6.

[2] A.Balachandar, P.Kumaravel, R.Pradeep Raj,M.Gokul, MM.Gokulakrishnan, S.Jayalakshmi,

“Borewell kid evacuation system with Zigbee for long range applications”, 3rd International
Conference on Signal Processing and Communication (ICPSC),2021,ISBN:978-1-6654-2864-4,DOI:
10.1109/ICSPC51351.2021.9451777.

[3] Mrs.V.Saritha,P.Aishwarya,MD.Shafi,P.Saiteja,N.Jayanth Emmanuel, “Child Rescue System from

Open Bore-well”, Journal of Engineering Sciences,Vol 13, Issue 6 ,2022,ISSN NO: 0377-9254.

[4] Dr.M.Ramkumar, Jana K,Jeevan Babu M S, Bharathi G, “IoT-based Child Rescue System from
Borewell”, 6th International Conference on Electronics, Communication and Aerospace
Technology,(ICECA),2022,ISBN:978-1-6654-8271-4,DOI:
10.1109/ICECA55336.2022.10009049.

[5] Yaswanth Gangula,Sagi S S Pavan kumar,Suresh Kumar T R, “IoT based Borewell

Monitoring and Child Rescue System using Multi Sensor Fusion”, International Conference on
Sustainable Computing and Smart Systems (ICSCSS),2023,ISBN: 979-8-3503-3360- 2,DOI:
10.1109/ICSCSS57650.2023.10169311.

[5] Bhavana Thota,Karthik Reddy Challabotla,Teja Vuppala, A.Lavanya, “Innovative Child Rescue
System from Borewell using Arduino”, International Conference on Innovative Data Communication
Technologies and Application(ICIDCA),2023,ISBN:979-8-3503-9720-8,DOI:
10.1109/ICIDCA56705.2023.10099490.

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APPENDIX
Camera Integration Code
#include "OV2640.h"

#include <WiFi.h>

#include <WebServer.h>

#include <WiFiClient.h>

// Select camera model

//#define CAMERA_MODEL_WROVER_KIT

//#define CAMERA_MODEL_ESP_EYE

//#define CAMERA_MODEL_M5STACK_PSRAM

//#define CAMERA_MODEL_M5STACK_WIDE

#define CAMERA_MODEL_AI_THINKER

#include "camera_pins.h"

/*

Next one is an include with wifi credentials.

This is what you need to do:

1. Create a file called "home_wifi_multi.h" in the same folder OR under a separate subfolder of the
"libraries" folder of Arduino IDE. (You are creating a "fake" library really - I called it
"MySettings").

2. Place the following text in the file:

#define SSID1 "replace with your wifi ssid" #define

PWD1 "replace your wifi password"

3. Save.

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Should work then

*/

#include "home_wifi_multi.h"

OV2640 cam;
WebServer server(80);

const char HEADER[] = "HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n" \

"Access-Control-Allow-Origin: *\r\n" \

"Content-Type: multipart/x-mixed-replace;
boundary=123456789000000000000987654321\r\n";

const char BOUNDARY[] = "\r\n--123456789000000000000987654321\r\n";

const char CTNTTYPE[] = "Content-Type: image/jpeg\r\nContent-Length: ";

const int hdrLen = strlen(HEADER);

const int bdrLen = strlen(BOUNDARY);

const int cntLen = strlen(CTNTTYPE);

void handle_jpg_stream(void)

{ char

buf[32];

int s;

WiFiClient client = server.client();

client.write(HEADER, hdrLen);

client.write(BOUNDARY, bdrLen);

while (true)

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{

if (!client.connected()) break;
cam.run(); s = cam.getSize();

client.write(CTNTTYPE, cntLen);

sprintf( buf, "%d\r\n\r\n", s );

client.write(buf, strlen(buf));

client.write((char *)cam.getfb(), s);

client.write(BOUNDARY, bdrLen);

}}

const char JHEADER[] = "HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n" \

"Content-disposition: inline; filename=capture.jpg\r\n" \

"Content-type: image/jpeg\r\n\r\n";

const int jhdLen = strlen(JHEADER);

void handle_jpg(void)

WiFiClient client = server.client();

cam.run();

if (!client.connected()) return;

client.write(JHEADER, jhdLen);

client.write((char *)cam.getfb(), cam.getSize());

void handleNotFound()

String message = "Server is running!\n\n";

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message += "URI: ";

message += server.uri();

message += "\nMethod: ";

message += (server.method() == HTTP_GET) ? "GET" :

"POST"; message += "\nArguments: "; message +=

server.args(); message += "\n";

server.send(200, "text / plain", message);

void setup()

Serial.begin(115200);

//while (!Serial); //wait for serial

connection. camera_config_t config;

config.ledc_channel = LEDC_CHANNEL_0;

config.ledc_timer = LEDC_TIMER_0;

config.pin_d0 = Y2_GPIO_NUM; config.pin_d1

= Y3_GPIO_NUM; config.pin_d2 =

Y4_GPIO_NUM; config.pin_d3 =

Y5_GPIO_NUM; config.pin_d4 =

Y6_GPIO_NUM; config.pin_d5 =

Y7_GPIO_NUM; config.pin_d6 =

Y8_GPIO_NUM; config.pin_d7 =

Y9_GPIO_NUM; config.pin_xclk =

XCLK_GPIO_NUM; config.pin_pclk =

PCLK_GPIO_NUM; config.pin_vsync =

VSYNC_GPIO_NUM;

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config.pin_href = HREF_GPIO_NUM;

config.pin_sscb_sda = SIOD_GPIO_NUM;

config.pin_sscb_scl = SIOC_GPIO_NUM;

config.pin_pwdn = PWDN_GPIO_NUM;

config.pin_reset = RESET_GPIO_NUM;

config.xclk_freq_hz = 20000000;

config.pixel_format = PIXFORMAT_JPEG;

// Frame parameters

// config.frame_size = FRAMESIZE_UXGA;

config.frame_size = FRAMESIZE_QVGA;

config.jpeg_quality = 12;

config.fb_count = 2;

#if defined(CAMERA_MODEL_ESP_EYE)

pinMode(13, INPUT_PULLUP);

pinMode(14, INPUT_PULLUP);

#endif

cam.init(config);

IPAddress ip;

WiFi.mode(WIFI_STA);

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WiFi.begin(SSID1, PWD1);

while (WiFi.status() != WL_CONNECTED)

delay(500);

Serial.print(F("."));

} ip =

WiFi.localIP();

Serial.println(F("WiFi connected"));

Serial.println("");

Serial.println(ip);

Serial.print("Stream Link: http://");

Serial.print(ip);

Serial.println("/mjpeg/1");

server.on("/mjpeg/1", HTTP_GET, handle_jpg_stream);

server.on("/jpg", HTTP_GET, handle_jpg);

server.onNotFound(handleNotFound);

server.begin();

void loop() {

server.handleClient();

Zigbee Transmitter Code:

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#include <LiquidCrystal_I2C.h>

LiquidCrystal_I2C lcd(0x27, 16, 2);

#include <Wire.h>

#include <SPI.h>

#include <Adafruit_BMP280.h>

#define BMP280_ADDRESS 0x76

Adafruit_BMP280 bmp; // I2C

#include<dht.h>

#define dht_dpin 19

int Relay=5;

int IN1=14; int

IN2=27; int

IN3=26; int

IN4=25; int

IN5=33; int

IN6=32;

int IN7=4; int

IN8=15;

int PIR=18; dht

DHT;

#include <Wire.h>

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#include "MAX30100_PulseOximeter.h"

#define REPORTING_PERIOD_MS 1000

// Timer variables unsigned long

lastTime = 0; unsigned long

timerDelay = 30000;

float BPM, SpO2;

//int count=0;

//char mystr[20];

PulseOximeter pox; uint32_t

tsLastReport = 0;

float tempc,Humidity;

void Init_spo2();

void onBeatDetected()

Serial.println("Beat Detected!");

} void

setup()

pinMode(IN1,OUTPUT);

pinMode(IN2,OUTPUT);

pinMode(IN3,OUTPUT); pinMode(IN4,OUTPUT);

pinMode(IN5,OUTPUT); pinMode(IN6,OUTPUT);

pinMode(IN7,OUTPUT); pinMode(IN8,OUTPUT);

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pinMode(Relay,OUTPUT);

pinMode(PIR,INPUT);

Serial.begin(9600);

Serial2.begin(9600); while

( !Serial )

delay(100); // wait for native usb

Serial.println(F("BMP280 test")); unsigned

status;

status = bmp.begin(BMP280_ADDRESS);

lcd.init(); // Initialize the LCD

lcd.backlight(); lcd.clear();

lcd.setCursor(0,0); lcd.print("Child

Monitoring"); lcd.setCursor(0,1);

lcd.print(" System");

Serial.println("Child Monitoring System");

delay(500);

if (!status)

Serial.println(F("Could not find a valid BMP280 sensor, check wiring or "

"try a different address!"));

Serial.print("SensorID was: 0x"); Serial.println(bmp.sensorID(),16);

Serial.print(" ID of 0xFF probably means a bad address, a BMP 180 or BMP 085\n");

Serial.print(" ID of 0x56-0x58 represents a BMP 280,\n");

Serial.print(" ID of 0x60 represents a BME 280.\n");

Serial.print(" ID of 0x61 represents a BME 680.\n");

while (1) delay(10);

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}

Serial.print("Initializing pulse oximeter..");

if (!pox.begin()) {

Serial.println("FAILED");

for (;;);

} else {

Serial.println("SUCCESS");

pox.setOnBeatDetectedCallback(onBeatDetected);

pox.setIRLedCurrent(MAX30100_LED_CURR_7_6MA);

/* Default settings from datasheet. */

bmp.setSampling(Adafruit_BMP280::MODE_NORMAL, /* Operating Mode. */

Adafruit_BMP280::SAMPLING_X2, /* Temp. oversampling */

Adafruit_BMP280::SAMPLING_X16, /* Pressure oversampling */

Adafruit_BMP280::FILTER_X16, /* Filtering. */

Adafruit_BMP280::STANDBY_MS_500); /* Standby time. */

} void

Init_spo2()

Serial.print("Initializing pulse oximeter..");

if (!pox.begin()) {

Serial.println("FAILED");

for (;;);

} else {

Serial.println("SUCCESS");

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pox.setOnBeatDetectedCallback(onBeatDetected);

pox.setIRLedCurrent(MAX30100_LED_CURR_7_6MA);

void loop() {

if(Serial2.available()>0)

char ch=Serial2.read();

if(ch=='D')

Serial.println("Down..");

lcd.clear(); lcd.print("Down..");

Down();

if(ch=='U')

Serial.println("Up..");

lcd.clear(); lcd.print("Up..");

Up(); }

if(ch=='A')

Serial.println("1st Rotate..");

lcd.clear(); lcd.print("1st

Rotate..");

Rotate_1();

if(ch=='B')

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{

Serial.println("2nd Rotate..");

lcd.clear(); lcd.print("2nd

Rotate..");

Rotate_2();

if(ch=='C')

Serial.println("3rd Rotate..");

lcd.clear(); lcd.print("3rd

Rotate..");

Rotate_3();

if(ch=='a')

Serial.println("1st AntiRotate..");

lcd.clear(); lcd.print("1st

AntiRotate..");

Rotate_11();

if(ch=='b')

Serial.println("2nd AntiRotate..");

lcd.clear(); lcd.print("2nd

AntiRotate.."); Rotate_22();

if(ch=='c')

Serial.println("3rd AntiRotate..");

lcd.clear();

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Implementation of a Child Rescue System from Bore-well using Zigbee for Long Range Communication
lcd.print("3rd AntiRotate..");

Rotate_33();

Serial.print(F("Pressure = "));

Serial.print(bmp.readPressure());

Serial.println(" Pa");

Serial2.println(F("Pressure = ")+String(bmp.readPressure())+"Pa");

lcd.clear();

lcd.print(F("Pressure = "));

lcd.print(bmp.readPressure());

lcd.println(" Pa");

// Serial.print(F("Approx altitude = "));

// Serial.print(bmp.readAltitude(1013.25)); /* Adjusted to local forecast! */

// Serial.println(" m");

delay(1000);

Humidity_Check();

SPO2_BP_CHECK();

if(digitalRead(PIR)==HIGH)

lcd.clear();

lcd.print("Child Detected");

Serial.println("Child Detected");

Serial2.println("Child Detected"); delay(1000);

void SPO2_BP_CHECK()

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{

int i=0;

Init_spo2();

while(i<10000)

pox.update();

BPM = pox.getHeartRate();

SpO2 = pox.getSpO2();

if (millis() - tsLastReport > REPORTING_PERIOD_MS)

Serial.print("BP: ");

Serial.print(BPM);

Serial.println("");

Serial.print("SpO2: ");

Serial.print(SpO2);

Serial.println("%");

Serial2.print("BP: ");

Serial2.print(BPM);

Serial2.println("");

Serial2.print("SpO2: ");

Serial2.print(SpO2);

Serial2.println("%");

lcd.clear(); lcd.print("HB:");

lcd.print(BPM);

lcd.setCursor(0,1);

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lcd.print("Spo2:");

lcd.print(SpO2);

lcd.print("%");

// Serial.println("***********");

// Serial.println();

tsLastReport = millis();

// delay(500);

i++;

if(SpO2<60)

{ lcd.clear();

lcd.print("Low Oxygen");

Serial.println("Low Oxygen Detected");

Serial2.println("Low Oxygen Detected");

digitalWrite(Relay,HIGH); delay(2000);

if(SpO2>90)

digitalWrite(Relay,LOW);

delay(2000);

lastTime = millis();

void Up() {

digitalWrite(IN7,HIGH);

digitalWrite(IN8,LOW);

delay(5000);

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digitalWrite(IN7,LOW);

digitalWrite(IN8,LOW);

} void
Down()

digitalWrite(IN7,LOW);

digitalWrite(IN8,HIGH);

delay(5000);

digitalWrite(IN7,LOW);

digitalWrite(IN8,LOW); }

void Rotate_1() {

digitalWrite(IN1,HIGH);

digitalWrite(IN2,LOW);

delay(500);

digitalWrite(IN1,LOW);

digitalWrite(IN2,LOW); }

void Rotate_11() {

digitalWrite(IN1,LOW);

digitalWrite(IN2,HIGH);

delay(500);

digitalWrite(IN1,LOW);

digitalWrite(IN2,LOW); }

void Rotate_2() {

digitalWrite(IN3,HIGH);

digitalWrite(IN4,LOW);

delay(500);

digitalWrite(IN3,LOW);

digitalWrite(IN4,LOW); }

void Rotate_22() {

digitalWrite(IN3,LOW);

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digitalWrite(IN4,HIGH);

delay(500);

digitalWrite(IN3,LOW);

digitalWrite(IN4,LOW); }

void Rotate_3() {

digitalWrite(IN5,HIGH);

digitalWrite(IN6,LOW);

delay(500);

digitalWrite(IN5,LOW);

digitalWrite(IN6,LOW); }

void Rotate_33() {

digitalWrite(IN5,LOW);

digitalWrite(IN6,HIGH);

delay(500);

digitalWrite(IN5,LOW);

digitalWrite(IN6,LOW);

void Humidity_Check(void)

DHT.read11(dht_dpin);

Humidity=DHT.humidity;

tempc=DHT.temperature;

Serial.print("$Humidity: ");

Serial.print(DHT.humidity); // printing Humidity on LCD

Serial.print(" %");

Serial.print(" # ");

Serial.print("$Temperature:");

Serial.print(DHT.temperature); // Printing temperature on LCD

Serial.print(" C");

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Serial.println(" # ");

lcd.clear();

lcd.print("Humidity:"+String(DHT.humidity));

lcd.setCursor(0,1);

lcd.print("Temp:"+String(DHT.temperature));

Serial2.println("Humidity:"+String(DHT.humidity));

delay(1000);

Serial2.print("Temp:"+String(DHT.temperature));

delay(2000);

Zigbee Receiver Code:

void setup()
{

Serial.begin(9600);

Serial2.begin(9600);

Serial.println("Child Monitoring System");

delay(500);

void loop() {

if(Serial2.available()>0)

String Buff=Serial2.readString();

Serial.println(Buff); delay(1000);

if(Serial.available()>0)

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char ch=Serial.read();

Serial.println(ch);

Serial2.println(ch); delay(1000);

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Implementation of a Child Rescue System from Bore-well using Zigbee for Long Range Communication

PROGRAM OUTCOMES
PROGRAM OUTCOMES (PO)

PO1
Engineering knowledge: Apply the knowledge of mathematics, science, engineering fundamentals, and an
engineering specialization to the solution of complex engineering problems.

PO2 Problem analysis: Identify, formulate, review research literature, and analyze complex engineering problems
reaching substantiated conclusions using first principles of mathematics, natural sciences, and engineering
sciences.

PO3 Design/development of solutions: Design solutions for complex engineering problems and design system
components or processes that meet the specified needs with appropriate consideration for the public health
and safety, and the cultural, societal, and environmental considerations.

PO4 Conduct investigations of complex problems: Use research-based knowledge and research methods
including design of experiments, analysis and interpretation of data, and synthesis of the information to
provide valid conclusions.

PO5 Modern tool usage: Create, select, and apply appropriate techniques, resources, and modern engineering and
IT tools including prediction and modelling to complex engineering activities with an understanding of the
limitations.

PO6 The engineer and society: Apply reasoning informed by the contextual knowledge to assess societal, health,
safety, legal and cultural issues and the consequent responsibilities relevant to the professional engineering
practice.

PO7 Environment and sustainability: Understand the impact of the professional engineering solutions in societal
and environmental contexts, and demonstrate the knowledge of, and need for sustainable development.

PO8 Ethics: Apply ethical principles and commit to professional ethics and responsibilities and norms of the
engineering practice.

PO9 Individual and team work: Function effectively as an individual, and as a member or leader in diverse teams,
and in multidisciplinary settings.

PO10 Communication: Communicate effectively on complex engineering activities with the engineering
community and with society at large, such as, being able to comprehend and write effective reports and design
documentation, make effective presentations, and give and receive clear instructions.

PO11 Project management and finance: Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of the engineering and
management principles and apply these to one’s own work, as a member and leader in a team, to manage
projects and in multidisciplinary environments.

PO12 Life-long learning: Recognize the need for and have the preparation and ability to engage in independent and
life-long learning in the broadest context of technological change.

PROGRAM SPECIFIC OUTCOMES (PSO)

PSO1 Develop the components for analog and digital systems, communication systems, control and signal
processing systems using acquired knowledge of basic skills and various design tools.

PSO2 Formulate the solution for interdisciplinary problems through acquired programming knowledge in the
respective domain by complying real-time constraints.

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Implementation of a Child Rescue System from Bore-well using Zigbee for Long Range Communication

Vision and Mission statement of the Electronics and Communication Engineering Department:
Vision:
“To develop outstanding Electronics and Communication Engineers to meet the ever
changing Social and Technological needs of the Society”

Mission:
To provide State-of-the-Art infrastructure in Electronics and Communication
MD1 Engineering.
To disseminate strong theoretical and practical exposure to meet the emerging trends
MD2 in the industry.
To promote a freethinking environment with innovative teaching-learning pedagogy.
MD3
To develop value based socially responsible professionals for the betterment of the
MD4 Society.

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AMC ENGINEERING COLLEGE

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Implementation of a Child Rescue System from Bore-well using Zigbee for Long Range Communication

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

PROJECT WORK SELF EVALUATION FORM

Name USN

Program

To what extent did each of the following you contribute to your

S.No project

1. Have you applied the knowledge of mathematics, science and

engineering concepts(PO1,Pso1) 5 4 2 1

3
2. Have you analyzed the system of hardware, software and its
interaction (PO2,PSO1) 5 4 2 1

3
3. Design the systems, components or processes to meet
needs(PO3,PSO1) 5 4 2 1

3
4. Have you used the modern tools of engineering to design the system
or components of your project (PO5,PSO1) 4 2 1
5
3
5. Identification of impact in societal and environmental contexts of your
project developed in interdisciplinary domain (PO7,PSO2) 5 4 3 2 1

6. Are you responsible, diligent, and ethical on your project (core and
interdisciplinary) development period with your team members?
(PO8, PSO2) 5 4 3 2 1

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Implementation of a Child Rescue System from Bore-well using Zigbee for Long Range Communication

7. Have you functioned effectively as a member in a team with your

project members? (PO9) : 5
4 2 1
3

8. Have you assessed any societal, health, safety, legal and cultural
issues in your project? (PO6) 5 4 3 2 1

9. Have you presented your project confidently and prepared effective

reports? (PO10) 5 4 3 2 1

Have you completed the project within a time frame and estimated
10. budget? (PO11) 5 4 3 2 1

Is your project leads you to recognize the need for lifelong learning
11. in the context of technological change? (PO12) 5 4 3 2 1

Have you conducted the experiments/ analysis to provide valid

12. conclusion? (PO4,Pso1) 5 4 3 2 1

Signature of the Student: Date:

Dept. of ECE, AMCEC 2024-25 Page | 71

Implementation of a Child Rescue System from Bore-well using Zigbee for Long Range Communication

AMC ENGINEERING COLLEGE

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

PROJECT WORK SELF EVALUATION FORM

Name USN

Program

To what extent did each of the following you contribute to your

S.No project

1. Have you applied the knowledge of mathematics, science and

engineering concepts(PO1,Pso1) 5 4 2 1

3
2. Have you analyzed the system of hardware, software and its
interaction (PO2,PSO1) 5 4 2 1

3
3. Design the systems, components or processes to meet
needs(PO3,PSO1) 5 4 2 1

3
4. Have you used the modern tools of engineering to design the system
or components of your project (PO5,PSO1) 5 4 2 1

3
5. Identification of impact in societal and environmental contexts of
your project developed in interdisciplinary domain (PO7,PSO2) 5 4 3 2 1

Dept. of ECE, AMCEC 2024-25 Page | 72

Implementation of a Child Rescue System from Bore-well using Zigbee for Long Range Communication

6. Are you responsible, diligent, and ethical on your project (core and
interdisciplinary) development period with your team members?
(PO8, PSO2) 5 4 3 2 1

7. Have you functioned effectively as a member in a team with your

project members? (PO9) : 5
4 2 1
3

8. Have you assessed any societal, health, safety, legal and cultural
issues in your project? (PO6) 5 4 3 2 1

9. Have you presented your project confidently and prepared effective

reports? (PO10) 5 4 3 2 1

Have you completed the project within a time frame and estimated
10. budget? (PO11) 5 4 3 2 1

Is your project leads you to recognize the need for lifelong learning
11. in the context of technological change? (PO12) 5 4 3 2 1

Have you conducted the experiments/ analysis to provide valid

12. conclusion? (PO4,Pso1) 5 4 3 2 1

Signature of the Student: Date:

Dept. of ECE, AMCEC 2024-25 Page | 73

Implementation of a Child Rescue System from Bore-well using Zigbee for Long Range Communication

AMC ENGINEERING COLLEGE

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

PROJECT WORK SELF EVALUATION FORM

Name USN

Program

To what extent did each of the following you contribute to your

S.No project

1. Have you applied the knowledge of mathematics, science and

engineering concepts(PO1,Pso1) 5 4 2 1

3
2. Have you analyzed the system of hardware, software and its
interaction (PO2,PSO1) 5 4 2 1

3
3. Design the systems, components or processes to meet
needs(PO3,PSO1) 5 4 2 1

3
4. Have you used the modern tools of engineering to design the system
or components of your project (PO5,PSO1) 5 4 2 1

Dept. of ECE, AMCEC 2024-25 Page | 74

Implementation of a Child Rescue System from Bore-well using Zigbee for Long Range Communication

5. Identification of impact in societal and environmental contexts of

your project developed in interdisciplinary domain (PO7,PSO2) 5 4 3 2 1

6. Are you responsible, diligent, and ethical on your project (core and
interdisciplinary) development period with your team members?
(PO8, PSO2) 5 4 3 2 1

7. Have you functioned effectively as a member in a team with your

project members? (PO9) : 5
4 2 1
3

8. Have you assessed any societal, health, safety, legal and cultural
issues in your project? (PO6) 5 4 3 2 1

9. Have you presented your project confidently and prepared effective

reports? (PO10) 5 4 3 2 1

Have you completed the project within a time frame and estimated
10. budget? (PO11) 5 4 3 2 1

Is your project leads you to recognize the need for lifelong learning
11. in the context of technological change? (PO12) 5 4 3 2 1

Have you conducted the experiments/ analysis to provide valid

12. conclusion? (PO4,Pso1) 5 4 3 2 1

Signature of the Student: Date:

Dept. of ECE, AMCEC 2024-25 Page | 75

Implementation of a Child Rescue System from Bore-well using Zigbee for Long Range Communication

Dept. of ECE, AMCEC 2024-25 Page | 76