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Buck-Boost Converter Lab Report

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Abubakar Aji Monguno
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21 views5 pages

Buck-Boost Converter Lab Report

Uploaded by

Abubakar Aji Monguno
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 5

Practical No.

5
TITLE: Modelling of Buck-Boost Converter circuit

OBJECTIVES: 1. To demonstrate how DC-DC boost converter Buck-Boost converter Step Up


and Step down the input voltage.

2. To evaluate the effect of Duty Cycle on boost converter circuit

APPARATUS REQUIRED: MATLAB (Simulink)

COMPONENTS: 1. DC voltage source

2. Inductor

3. Capacitor

4. Resistor

5. MOSFET

6. Diode

7. Pulse generator

8. Ammeter

9. Voltmeter

10. Scope

THEORY:

A buck-boost converter is a type of DC-DC converter that can step up (boost) or step down
(buck) an input voltage to a desired output voltage. It combines the functionalities of both buck
(step-down) and boost (step-up) converters, making it versatile for applications where the input
voltage can vary widely or fall below or exceed the desired output.

Working Principle of Buck-Boost Converter


The buck-boost converter topology can produce an output voltage that is either greater than or
less than the input voltage, with the output polarity typically inverted (negative if input is
positive, and vice versa). It accomplishes this through two main operational modes:

Inductor Charging Phase (Switch ON): The switch (typically a MOSFET or transistor) is
turned ON, allowing current to flow through the inductor. The inductor stores energy in the form
of a magnetic field, and its current starts to rise. During this phase, the output stage is isolated
from the input, the load is powered by the capacitor.

Inductor Discharging Phase (Switch OFF): When the switch turns OFF, the stored energy in
the inductor is released, and current flows through the diode, delivering energy to the load. The
voltage induced in the inductor reverses, and the inductor now acts as a source to both the output
capacitor and load. The inductor current decreases as it releases energy, and this energy transfer
continues until the switch turns ON again.

The output voltage (Vout) of a buck-boost converter is related to the input voltage (Vin) and the
duty cycle D

Vout = -D/(1-D) · Vin.

where: D is the duty cycle, representing the fraction of time the switch is ON in each cycle.

When D<0.5, the converter operates in buck mode, stepping down the voltage. When 𝐷>0.5

D>0.5, it operates in boost mode, stepping up the voltage.

Note: The Buck-Boost output polarity is opposite to the input polarity (inverted output). Due
tothe connection of diode in reverse direction As shown in figure 1 below.
Fig. 1. Buck-Boost converter Circuit

PROCEDURE:

The simulink library blocks are connected base on the circuit diagram in figure 1 using mathlab
simulink to obtain the Buck-Boost Converter show in figure 2. A DC 50V source was supplied to
the circuit and the pulse width was changed to 40% and 70% to get the output voltage.

Fig. 2 Buck-Boost Converter simulation

Result of the Simulation

At 40% pulse width, the output Voltage decreased to -45V. At 70 % pulse width, the output
voltage increased to -140V. The graph of the output voltage at 70% pulse width and 40% pulse
width are illustrated in Figure 3 and 4

The summary of the result was tabulated below.

Vin (volt) Vout (volt)


Pulse width (%)
40 50 -45
70 50 -140
Figure 3. Output voltage at 70% pulse width.

Figure 4. Output Voltage at 40% pulse width.

Conclusion

The result of the simulation show that when the pulse width is at 40%, the output voltage
decreased. Therefore the circuit works as a buck converter. When the pulse width is 70%, the
output voltage increased, it worked as a boost converter. However the output voltage is negative
because the diode is connected in reverse direction.

Application of Buck-Boost Converter


Buck-boost converters are used in many applications, including:

Portable electronics: Buck-boost converters provide a stable output voltage for devices like
laptops, smartphones, and medical equipment, even when the battery voltage is low.

Energy harvesting systems: Buck-boost converters regulate the variable output voltages of
solar panels and thermoelectric generators.

Automotive electronics: Buck-boost converters maintain stable power supplies for different
voltage requirements in a vehicle.

Industrial and telecommunications equipment: Buck-boost converters maintain precise output


voltages in the presence of input voltage variations.

LED lighting systems: Buck-boost converters regulate current and voltage to ensure consistent
brightness and extend the lifespan of LEDs.

Battery chargers: Buck-boost converters are used in battery chargers and USB charging ports in
portable devices.

Power amplifiers: Buck-boost converters are used in power amplifiers.

Self-regulating power supplies: Buck-boost converters are used in self-regulating power


supplies.

Control applications: Buck-boost converters are used in control applications.

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