Physics I Week 10
Physics I Week 10
WEEK 10
Siddharth Dhomkar
Department of Physics
IIT Madras
sdhomkar@smail.iitm.ac.in
Office: HSB 116B
WEEK 10: OUTLINE
2
REVIEW: E U L E R - L AG R A N G E E Q UAT I O N S
Newton’ law
𝐿 =𝑇−𝑈
Euler-Lagrange equations
REVIEW: NEWTONIAN DYNAMICS
Simple pendulum
𝑭 = 𝐹𝑟 𝒓ො + 𝐹𝜃 𝜃 = 𝑚𝑎𝑟 𝒓ො + 𝑚𝑎𝜃 𝜃
REVIEW: E U L E R - L AG R A N G E E Q UAT I O N S
Simple pendulum
𝐿 =𝑇−𝑈
Euler-Lagrange equations
REVIEW: E U L E R - L AG R A N G E E Q UAT I O N S
Simple pendulum
1
𝑇 = 𝑚𝑣 2 𝑈 = −𝑚𝑔𝑙 cos 𝜃
2
𝐿 =𝑇−𝑈
Euler-Lagrange equations
REVIEW: E U L E R - L AG R A N G E E Q UAT I O N S
Simple pendulum
1
𝑇 = 𝑚𝑣 2 𝑈 = −𝑚𝑔𝑙 cos 𝜃
2
𝐿 =𝑇−𝑈
Euler-Lagrange equations
E U L E R - L A G R A N G E E Q UAT I O N S
E U L E R - L A G R A N G E E Q UAT I O N S
E U L E R - L A G R A N G E E Q UAT I O N S
C O N S E R VA T I O N L A W S
Simple pendulum – Take 3 Generalized coordinates
𝑟=𝑙
𝑞=𝜃
C O N S E R VA T I O N L A W S
Simple pendulum – Take 2 Generalized coordinates
𝑟=𝑙
𝑞=𝜃
• If Cartesian coordinates are used, then 𝜕𝐿ൗ𝜕𝑥ሶ 𝑘 is simply the momentum, 𝑚𝑥ሶ 𝑘 .
• 𝜕𝐿ൗ𝜕𝑞ሶ 𝑘 is called the generalized momentum.
C O N S E R VA T I O N L A W S
Cyclic coordinates
C O N S E R VA T I O N L A W S
Cyclic coordinates Example 1: Consider a ball thrown through the air.
1
𝐿 = 𝑚 𝑥ሶ 2 + 𝑦ሶ 2 + 𝑧ሶ 2 − 𝑚𝑔𝑧
2
Conserved Quantity: Linear momentum
Conserved Quantity
C O N S E R VA T I O N L A W S
Cyclic coordinates Example 1: Consider a ball thrown through the air.
1
𝐿 = 𝑚 𝑥ሶ 2 + 𝑦ሶ 2 + 𝑧ሶ 2 − 𝑚𝑔𝑧
2
Conserved Quantity: Linear momentum
Example 2: 𝑉 𝑟, 𝜃 in spherical coordinates.
1
𝐿 = 𝑚 𝑟ሶ 2 + 𝑟 2 𝜃ሶ 2 + 𝑟 2 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝜃∅ሶ 2 − 𝑉 𝑟, 𝜃
2
Conserved Quantity: Angular momentum
Conserved Quantity
C O N S E R VA T I O N L A W S
Cyclic coordinates Example 1: Consider a ball thrown through the air.
1
𝐿 = 𝑚 𝑥ሶ 2 + 𝑦ሶ 2 + 𝑧ሶ 2 − 𝑚𝑔𝑧
2
Conserved Quantity: Linear momentum
Example 2: 𝑉 𝑟, 𝜃 in spherical coordinates.
1
𝐿 = 𝑚 𝑟ሶ 2 + 𝑟 2 𝜃ሶ 2 + 𝑟 2 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝜃∅ሶ 2 − 𝑉 𝑟, 𝜃
2
Conserved Quantity: Angular momentum