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Java_9_to_17_Interview_Problems

The document outlines key Java features from versions 9 to 17, highlighting modular development with JPMS in Java 9, local variable type inference with 'var' in Java 10, and text blocks for improved string handling in Java 13/15. It also discusses sealed classes in Java 17 for better control over inheritance and the enhancements to switch expressions in Java 14+. These features collectively improve maintainability, readability, and code efficiency while presenting certain challenges in migration and compatibility.

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4 views

Java_9_to_17_Interview_Problems

The document outlines key Java features from versions 9 to 17, highlighting modular development with JPMS in Java 9, local variable type inference with 'var' in Java 10, and text blocks for improved string handling in Java 13/15. It also discusses sealed classes in Java 17 for better control over inheritance and the enhancements to switch expressions in Java 14+. These features collectively improve maintainability, readability, and code efficiency while presenting certain challenges in migration and compatibility.

Uploaded by

pbecic
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Java 9 – Java 17 for Strong Senior Developers

What are the key features introduced in Java 9, and how do they impact
modular development?
 Java 9 introduced the Java Platform Module System (JPMS).
 Key features:
 Modules: explicit dependencies, encapsulated packages.
 module-info.java defines exposed and required modules.
 Improves maintainability, encapsulation, and startup performance.
 Impact:
 Large applications can be broken into well-defined modules.
 Avoids classpath hell — better control over visibility.
 Challenges:
 Migration of legacy monoliths may require deep refactoring.
 Third-party library compatibility issues.

What are var and its limitations in Java 10?


 Java 10 introduced local variable type inference with 'var'.
 Allows the compiler to infer the type based on the initializer.
 Example:
 var list = new ArrayList<String>();
 Limitations:
 Only works for local variables, loops, and try-with-resources.
 Cannot be used for method parameters, fields, or return types.
 May reduce code readability if overused or used with complex types.

What are text blocks in Java 13/15 and how do they improve string handling?
 Text blocks simplify multi-line string literals using triple quotes (""" ... """).
 Introduced in Java 13 as preview; finalized in Java 15.
 Benefits:
 Avoids escaping quotes and newlines.
 Improves readability of SQL, JSON, XML snippets.
 Example:
 String sql = """
SELECT *
FROM users
WHERE active = true
""";
What is the difference between sealed classes (Java 17) and abstract
classes/interfaces?
 Sealed classes restrict which classes can extend or implement them.
 Must explicitly permit subclasses using 'permits' clause.
 Motivation:
 Improves control over inheritance and helps maintain invariants.
 Enhances exhaustiveness checking in switch expressions.
 Difference from abstract classes:
 Sealed classes control extension, not behavior enforcement.
 Works with records, interfaces, and final classes.
 Alternatives: non-sealed, final, or standard class hierarchies.

How does the new 'switch' enhancement improve code in Java 14+?
 Java 14 introduced switch expressions (preview in Java 12, finalized in Java 14).
 New features:
 Switch as an expression that returns a value.
 Use of arrow syntax and yield for multi-line blocks.
 Example:
 String result = switch(day) {
case MONDAY -> "Start";
case FRIDAY -> "End";
default -> "Mid";
};
 Benefits:
 Reduces boilerplate and fall-through errors.
 Enables functional-style programming.

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