NEWTON'S LAWS HOMEWORK

1.

The heaviest invertebrate is the giant squid, which is estimated to have a weight of about 0.43 tons spread out over its length of
30 feet. What is its weight in newtons?
N

2.

A football punter accelerates a football from rest to a speed of 11 m/s during the time in which his toe is in contact with the ball
(about 0.19 s). If the football has a mass of 0.49 kg, what average force does the punter exert on the ball?
N

3.

A 8.1 kg object undergoes an acceleration of 1.0 m/s 2.

(a) What is the magnitude of the resultant force acting on it?

N

(b) If this same force is applied to a 4.9 kg object, what acceleration is produced?
m/s 2

4.

One or more external forces are exerted on each object enclosed in a dashed box shown in the figures below. Identify the
reaction to each of these forces. (Assume that (a), (b) and (c) occur on Earth while (d), (e) and (f) occur far from any outside
gravitational influences. Select all that apply.)
(a) the spring exerts a force
to the right on the hand

downward on the Earth

upward on the Earth

to the left on the hand

to the right on the wall

to the left on the wall

(b) the wagon exerts a force

downward on the Earth due to gravitational attraction

upward on the Earth due to gravitational attraction

upward on the Earth due to contact

downward to the left on the handle

upward to the left on the handle

downward on the Earth due to contact

(c) the ball exerts a force

upward to the right on the player

downward to the left on the player

downward on the Earth

downward to the right on the player

upward on the Earth

(d) m exerts a force

upward on M
 downward on M

to the left on M

to the right on M

(e) −q exerts a force

upward on Q

to the right on Q

downward on Q

to the left on Q

(f) the iron exerts a force

to the right on the magnet

to the left on the magnet

downward on the magnet

upward on the magnet

5.

A bag of sugar weighs 4.50 lb on Earth. What would it weigh in newtons on the Moon, where the free-fall acceleration is one-
sixth that on Earth?
N

Repeat for Venus, where g is 0.904 times that on Earth.

N

Find the mass of the bag of sugar in kilograms at each of the three locations.
Earth kg
Moon kg
Venus kg
6.

A 60-kg man standing on a scale in an elevator notes that as the elevator rises, the scale reads 820 N. What is the acceleration
of the elevator?
m/s 2 upward

7.

Two blocks each of mass m = 3.76 kg are fastened to the top of an elevator as in the figure below.

(a) If the elevator has an upward acceleration a = 1.60 m/s 2, find the tensions T 1 and T 2 in the upper and lower strings.

T1 = N

T2 = N

(b) If the strings can withstand a maximum tension of 91.0 N, what maximum acceleration can the elevator have before
the upper string breaks?
m/s 2
8.

A 5.3-kg bucket of water is raised from a well by a rope. If the upward acceleration of the bucket is 3.9 m/s 2, find the force
exerted by the rope on the bucket.
N

9.

A block of mass m = 5.2 kg is pulled up a 𝜃 = 22° incline as in the figure below with a force of magnitude F = 33 N.

(a) Find the acceleration of the block if the incline is frictionless. (Give the magnitude of the acceleration.)
m/s 2

(b) Find the acceleration of the block if the coefficient of kinetic friction between the block and incline is 0.11. (Give the
magnitude of the acceleration.)
m/s 2
10.

An object with mass m 1 = 3.10 kg, rests on a frictionless horizontal table and is connected to a cable that passes over a pulley
and is then fastened to a hanging object with mass m 2 = 10.2 kg, as shown in the figure.

(a) Find the magnitude of the acceleration of each object.

a1 = m/s 2
a2 = m/s 2

(b) Find the tension in the cable.

N
11.

Two objects with masses of m 1 = 3.20 kg and m 2 = 6.00 kg are connected by a light string that passes over a frictionless pulley,
as in the figure below.

(a) Determine the tension in the string. (Enter the magnitude only. Due to the nature of this problem, do not use
rounded intermediate values—including answers submitted in WebAssign—in your calculations.)
N

(b) Determine the acceleration of each object. (Enter the magnitude only.)
m/s 2

(c) Determine the distance each object will move in the first second of motion if both objects start from rest.
m
12.

masses of the pulleys and strings and assume the pulleys and the incline are frictionless. (Let m = 5.62 kg and 𝜃 = 29.0°.)
The systems shown below are in equilibrium. If the spring scales are calibrated in newtons, what do they read? Ignore the

scale in (a) N
scale in (b) N
scale in (c) N
scale in (d) N
13.

Two packing crates of masses m 1 = 10.0 kg and m 2 = 5.90 kg are connected by a light string that passes over a frictionless
pulley as in the figure below. The 5.90-kg crate lies on a smooth incline of angle 42.0°. Find the following.

(a) the acceleration of the 5.90-kg crate

m/s 2 (up the incline)

(b) the tension in the string

N

14.

In the figure below, m 1 = 10.8 kg and m 2 = 3.8 kg. The coefficient of static friction between m 1 and the horizontal surface is
0.50, and the coefficient of kinetic friction is 0.30.

(a) If the system is released from rest, what will its acceleration be? (Enter the magnitude of the acceleration.)
m/s 2

(b) If the system is set in motion with m 2 moving downward, what will be the acceleration of the system? (Enter the
magnitude of the acceleration.)
m/s 2
15.

A car is traveling at 52.0 km/h on a flat highway.

(a) If the coefficient of friction between road and tires on a rainy day is 0.115, what is the minimum distance in which
the car will stop?
m

(b) What is the stopping distance when the surface is dry and the coefficient of friction is 0.575?
m

16.

Objects with masses m 1 = 13.0 kg and m 2 = 8.0 kg are connected by a light string that passes over a frictionless pulley as in
the figure below. If, when the system starts from rest, m 2 falls 1.00 m in 1.36 s, determine the coefficient of kinetic friction
between m 1 and the table.
17.

A 1,080-N crate is being pushed across a level floor at a constant speed by a force F of 200 N at an angle of 20.0° below the
horizontal, as shown in the figure a below.

(a) What is the coefficient of kinetic friction between the crate and the floor? (Enter your answer to at least three
decimal places.)

(b) If the 200-N force is instead pulling the block at an angle of 20.0° above the horizontal, as shown in the figure b,
what will be the acceleration of the crate? Assume that the coefficient of friction is the same as that found in part (a).
m/s 2

18.

A horizontal force of 98.5 N is applied to a 57.5-kg crate on a rough, level surface. If the crate accelerates at 1.30 m/s 2, what is
the magnitude of the force of kinetic friction acting on the crate?
N
19.

If only one force acts on an object, can it be in equilibrium?

Yes

No

Explain.

20.

If an object is in equilibrium, which of the following statements is not true?

The speed of the object remains constant.

The net force acting on the object is zero.

The velocity is constant.

The acceleration of the object is zero.

The object must be at rest.

21.

A truck loaded with sand accelerates along a highway. The driving force on the truck remains constant. What happens to the
acceleration of the truck as its trailer leaks sand at a constant rate through a hole in its bottom?
It increases and then decreases.

It decreases at a steady rate.

It increases at a steady rate.

It remains constant.

It decreases and then increases.

22.

Which of the following statements are true?

An astronaut's weight is the same on the Moon as on Earth.

An astronaut's mass is the same on the International Space Station as it is on Earth.

Earth's gravity has no effect on astronauts inside the International Space Station.

An astronaut's mass is greater on Earth than on the Moon.

None of these statements are true.

23.

In the photo, a locomotive has broken through the wall of a train station. During the collision, what can be said about the force
exerted by the locomotive on the wall?

The force exerted by the locomotive on the wall was the same in magnitude as the force exerted by the wall on the
locomotive.

The force exerted by the locomotive on the wall was less than the force exerted by the wall on the locomotive.

The force exerted by the locomotive on the wall was larger than the force the wall could exert on the locomotive.

The wall cannot be said to "exert" a force; after all, it broke.

24.

A crate remains stationary after it has been placed on a ramp inclined at an angle with the horizontal. Which of the following
statements must be true about the magnitude of the frictional force that acts on the crate?
It is greater than the component of the gravitational force acting down the ramp.

It is equal to the component of the gravitational force acting down the ramp.

It is equal to 𝜇 sn.

It is at least equal to the weight of the crate.

It is larger than the weight of the crate.

25.

As a block slides down a frictionless incline, which of the following statements is true?
Its speed increases and its acceleration remains constant.

Its speed and acceleration remain constant.

Both its speed and acceleration decrease.

Its speed increases and its acceleration decreases.

Both its speed and acceleration increase.