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ESL371_Materials

The document outlines various problems related to the design of energy systems, particularly focusing on fluid thermal systems and air conditioning. It includes calculations for air properties, condensation conditions, heat and moisture removal, and cooling loads. Additionally, it references psychrometric charts and provides examples of fluid flow and pressure drop in piping systems.
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
9 views27 pages

ESL371_Materials

The document outlines various problems related to the design of energy systems, particularly focusing on fluid thermal systems and air conditioning. It includes calculations for air properties, condensation conditions, heat and moisture removal, and cooling loads. Additionally, it references psychrometric charts and provides examples of fluid flow and pressure drop in piping systems.
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Design of Energy Systems

(ESL371)
Prof. Snehasish Panigrahy
Prof. Sumit K. Chattopadhyay
Prof. Ramesh Narayanan
Department of Energy Science and Engineering
IIT Delhi

DESE/IITD
Reference

Design of Fluid Thermal Systems Thermodynamics An Engineering Approach Thermal System Design and Optimization
By J. William By Cengel & Boles by C. Balaji

SP/DESE/IITD
Q) A 5-m × 5-m × 3-m room shown in Fig contains air at 25°C and 100 kPa at a relative
humidity of 75 percent. Determine (a) the partial pressure of dry air, (b) the specific
humidity, (c) the enthalpy per unit mass of the dry air, and (d) the masses of the dry
air and water vapor in the room.

SP/DESE/IITD
SP/DESE/IITD
Q) In cold weather, condensation often occurs on the inner surfaces of the
windows due to the lower air temperatures near the window surface. Consider a
house, that contains air at 20°C and 75 percent relative humidity. Cold outside
temperature is 10°C. At what window temperature will the moisture in the air
start condensing on the inner surfaces of the windows?

SP/DESE/IITD
Q) The dry- and the wet-bulb temperatures of atmospheric air at 1 atm (101.325
kPa) pressure are measured to be 25 and 15°C, respectively. Determine (a) the
specific humidity, (b) the relative humidity, and (c) the enthalpy of the air.

SP/DESE/IITD
Q) Consider a room that contains air at 1 atm, 35°C, and 40 percent relative humidity.
Using the psychrometric chart, determine (a) the specific humidity, (b) the enthalpy, (c)
the wet-bulb temperature, (d) the dew-point temperature, and (e) the specific volume
of the air.

SP/DESE/IITD
SP/DESE/IITD
Q) An air-conditioning system is to take in outdoor air at 10°C and 30 percent
relative humidity at a steady rate of 45 m3/min and to condition it to 25°C and
60 percent relative humidity. The outdoor air is first heated to 22°C in the
heating section and then humidified by the injection of hot steam in the
humidifying section. Assuming the entire process takes place at a pressure of
100 kPa, determine (a) the rate of heat supply in the heating section and (b)
the mass flow rate of the steam required in the humidifying section.

SP/DESE/IITD
Q) Air enters a window air conditioner at 1 atm, 30°C, and 80 percent relative
humidity at a rate of 10 m3/min, and it leaves as saturated air at 14°C. Part of
the moisture in the air that condenses during the process is also removed at
14°C. Determine the rates of heat and moisture removal from the air.

SP/DESE/IITD
Q) Moist air at 30°C dry-bulb temperature and 50% relative humidity enters a
cooling coil at 5 m3/s and is processed to a final saturation condition at 10°C.
Find the kW of refrigeration required.

SP/DESE/IITD
Q) Saturated air leaving the cooling section of an air-conditioning system at
14°C at a rate of 50 m3/min is mixed adiabatically with the outside air at 32°C
and 60 percent relative humidity at a rate of 20 m3/min. Assuming that the
mixing process occurs at a pressure of 1 atm, determine the specific humidity,
the relative humidity, the dry-bulb temperature, and the volume flow rate of
the mixture.

SP/DESE/IITD
Wet Cooling Tower

Forced-draft counterflow cooling tower


SP/DESE/IITD
Q) Cooling water leaves the condenser of a power plant and enters a wet cooling tower at
35°C at a rate of 100 kg/s. Water is cooled to 22°C in the cooling tower by air that enters
the tower at 1 atm, 20°C, and 60 percent relative humidity and leaves saturated at 30°C.
Neglecting the power input to the fan, determine (a) the volume flow rate of air into the
cooling tower and (b) the mass flow rate of the required makeup water.

SP/DESE/IITD
Q) An air conditioned space is maintained at 27°C dry bulb temperature and 40% relative
humidity. The ambient conditions are 40°C dry bulb temperature and 27°C wet bulb
temperature. The space has a sensible heat gain of 14kW. The air is supplied to the space
at 7°C saturated. Calculate:
1. Mass of moist air supplied to the space in kg / h
2. Latent heat gain of space in kW
3. Cooling load of air-washer in kW if 30 percent of air supplied to the space is fresh, the
remainder being re-circulated.

SP/DESE/IITD
Q) The below figure is a sketch of the cross section of a heat exchanger. A warm fluid
flows through the center tube and a cooler fluid flows through the annulus. The
annulus is bounded by 4 standard type K tubing (outside) and 2 standard type K
inside. Determine the effective diameter and the hydraulic diameter of the annular flow
area.

SP/DESE/IITD
SP/DESE/IITD Janna, William S. - Design of Fluid Thermal Systems. (2014)
SP/DESE/IITD
Q) Chloroform flows at a rate of 0.01 m3/s through a 4-nominal schedule 40
wrought iron pipe. The pipe is laid out horizontally and is 250 m long. Calculate
the pressure drop of the chloroform.

SP/DESE/IITD
SP/DESE/IITD
SP/DESE/IITD
SP/DESE/IITD
Q) Copper tubing is used to convey methyl alcohol in a lubricating system. The system consists of 2 m of
3/4 std type M tubing attached in series to 3 m of 1/2 std type M copper tubing, as indicated in Figure. The
pressure drop over the 5 m length is 100 kPa. Determine the flow rate through the system.

= 0.31

SP/DESE/IITD
ASHRAE Psychrometric Chart No. 1
Normal Temperature
Barometric Pressure: 101.325 kPa

©1992 American Society of Heating, 0.36


Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc.
30
Sea Level
100 28 0.40

0.9
4
30
• 1.0 1.0 –•
0.8 1.5
120
10.0 0.7 2.0 – 5.0
0.6 4.0 – 2.0 26
Sensible heat ΔHS – • 90
0.5 —————– = ——
cen2932x_ch18-ap01_p907-956.qxd

– 4.0 30
Total heat ΔHT – 2.0 0.0
5.0 0.4 1.0 0.45

3
–0
24

0.
1.0

.5
4.0

0.2
– 0.2

0.1
0 80

0.9
ΔHS
ΔHT

r 110
ai 22

2v

2.0
= ——

ry 0.50

3.0
d

olu

2.5
12/18/09

m
am
Enthalpy Δh gr
ilo 25
e cu
—————— = —— k 70
Humidity ratio Δ er bi 20
sp 0.55
Total heat

cm
e
ul
Sensible heat
—————–

jo 100
eter

ilo 25

%
pe

)k we 18

90
(h 60 t bu
0.60
r ki

0.9
lb t
p
10:05 AM

em

0
al
log

per

%
th atu

80
En re °
C
ram

C 16 0.65

ur
dry

%
t
50 ra 20

70
air

pe 90 0.70
m
te 14
n
tio % 0.75
ra 60

0.8
Page 953

tu 20

8
S a
40 0.80
% 12
Humidity ratio () grams moisture per kilogram dry air

50 0.85
15 80 0.90
% 10 0.95
30 40

0.8
6
15 1.0

10 30% 8
20 70

0.8
4
10
6
5 20%

0.8
5

2
y 4
umidit
lative h
0 10% re 60

0.8
0

0.7
2

8
0 10 20 30 40 50
953

Dry bulb temperature °C


APPENDIX 1

Prepared by Center for Applied Thermodynamic Studies, University of Idaho.

FIGURE A–31
Psychrometric chart at 1 atm total pressure.
Reprinted by permission of the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc., Atlanta, GA; used with permission.
630 Table D.2 • Dimensions of seamless copper tubing.

TABLE D.2. Dimensions of seamless copper tubing.

Standard Outside Diameter Inside Diameter Flow Area


Size in. (ft) cm Type ft cm ft2 c m2

1/4 0.375 0.953 K 0.02542 0.775 0.0005074 0.471 7


(0.03125) L 0.02625 0.801 0.0005412 0.503 9

3/8 0.500 1.270 K 0.03350 1.022 0.0008814 0.820 3


(0.04167) L 0.03583 1.092 0.001008 0.936 6
M 0.03750 1.142 0.001104 1.024

1/2 0.625 1.588 K 0.04392 1.340 0.001515 1.410


(0.05208) L 0.04542 1.384 0.001620 1.505
M 0.04742 1.446 0.001766 1.642

5/8 0.750 1.905 K 0.05433 1.657 0.002319 2.156


(0.0625) L 0.05550 1.691 0.002419 2.246

3/4 0.875 2.222 K 0.06208 1.892 0.003027 2.811


(0.0729) L 0.06542 1.994 0.003361 3.123
M 0.06758 2.060 0.003587 3.333

1 1.125 2.858 K 0.08292 2.528 0.005400 5.019


(0.09375) L 0.08542 2.604 0.005730 5.326
M 0.08792 2.680 0.006071 5.641

1 1/4 1.375 3.493 K 0.1038 3.163 0.008454 7.858


(0.1146) L 0.1054 3.213 0.008728 8.108
M 0.1076 3.279 0.009090 8.444

1 1/2 1.625 4.128 K 0.1234 3.762 0.01196 11.12


(0.1354) L 0.1254 3.824 0.01235 11.48
M 0.1273 3.880 0.01272 11.82
2 2.125 5.398 K 0.1633 4.976 0.02093 11.95
(0.1771) L 0.1654 5.042 0.02149 19.97
M 0.1674 5.102 0.02201 20.44

2 1/2 2.625 6.668 K 0.2029 6.186 0.03234 30.05


(0.21875) L 0.2054 6.262 0.03314 30.80
M 0.2079 6.338 0.03395 40.17

Copyright 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
Table D.2 • Dimensions of seamless copper tubing. 631

TABLE D.2.continued. Dimensions of seamless copper tubing.

Standard Outside Diameter Inside Diameter Flow Area


Size in. (ft) cm Type ft cm ft2 c m2

3 3.125 7.938 K 0.2423 7.384 0.04609 42.82


(0.2604) L 0.2454 7.480 0.04730 43.94
M 0.2484 7.572 0.04847 45.03

31/2 3.625 9.208 K 0.2821 8.598 0.06249 58.06


(0.3021) L 0.2854 8.700 0.06398 59.45
M 0.2883 8.786 0.06523 60.63
4 4.125 10.48 K 0.3214 9.800 0.08114 75.43
(0.34375) L 0.3254 9.922 0.08317 77.32
M 0.3279 9.998 0.08445 78.51

5 5.125 13.02 K 0.4004 12.21 0.1259 117.10


(0.4271) L 0.4063 12.38 0.1296 120.50
M 0.4089 12.47 0.1313 112.10

6 6.125 15.56 K 0.4784 14.58 0.1798 167.00


(0.5104) L 0.4871 14.85 0.1863 173.20
M 0.4901 14.93 0.1886 175.30
8 8.125 20.64 K 0.6319 19.26 0.3136 291.50
(0.6771) L 0.6438 19.62 0.3255 302.50
M 0.6488 19.78 0.3306 307.20

10 10.125 25.72 K 0.7874 24.00 0.4870 452.50


(0.84375) L 0.8021 24.45 0.5053 469.50
M 0.8084 24.64 0.5133 476.80

12 12.125 30.80 K 0.9429 28.74 0.6983 648.80


(1.010) L 0.9638 29.38 0.7295 677.90
M 0.9681 29.51 0.7361 684.00

Note: Type K is for underground service and general plumbing; type L is for interior
plumbing; type M is for use only with soldered fittings.

Source: Dimensions in English units obtained from ANSI/ASTM B88–78,


Standard
Specifications for Seamless Copper Water Tube.Copyright ASTM. Reprinted with
permission.

Copyright 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.

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