MATRICULATION EXAMINATION

DEPARTMENT OF MYANMAR EXAMINATIONS

CHEMISTRY Time Allowed: (3) Hours
WRITE YOUR ANSWERS IN THE ANSWER BOOKLET
The symbols in this paper have their usual significance

SECTION (A)
(Answer ALL questions)
1. Write TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements. (10 marks)
(a) Condensation polymers often have higher molecular masses than addition polymers.
(b) The formation of product is favoured by high temperature in an endothermic reaction.
(e) The octet rule does not apply to d-block elements.
(d) When heat is transferred to a system at constant pressure, the enthalpy of the system decreases.
(e) The rate of a reaction depends on the enthalpy of the reaction.
(f) Light atoms vibrate at higher frequencies than heavy atoms.
(g) Volatile organic compounds lead to the form of smog.
(h) In water molecules, hydrogens are partially positive and oxygens are partially negative.
(i) The colours of all 3d transition elements are silvery-white.
(j) A radionuclide is an atom with an unstable nucleus which has excessive energy.
Ans: (a) FALSE (b) TRUE (c) TRUE (d) FALSE (e) FALSE
(f) TRUE (g) TRUE (h) TRUE (i) FALSE (j) TRUE

2. Fill in the blanks with the correct word(s), notation(s), term(s), unit(s), etc… as necessary. (10 marks)
(a) The enthalpy changes for the combustion reactions are always ___________.
(b) Ethanol is oxidised by atmospheric oxygen in the presence of ___________.
(c) Prolonged exposure to radon gas can cause___________.
(d) If the Keq value is ___________, the equilibrium lies to the left.
(e) For a gaseous reaction, the rate of a reaction may be expressed in the unit, ___________.
(f) ___________ forces exist between the layers of carbon atoms in graphite.
(g) Titanium (TV) chloride is used for the manufacturing of high density ___________.
(h) In general, the ions of transition elements have an electronic configuration of ___________.
(i) Acids and bases differ greatly based on their ___________.
(i) At low temperature, addition polymers lose plasticity and elasticity and become ___________in
industries.
Ans: (a) negative (b) ethnaoic acid (c) lung cancer (d) less (Keq <<1)
3 -1 3 -1 1-10 1-2
(e) dm s or cm s (f) van der Waals (g) polyethene (h) (n – 1)d ns
(i) strengths (j) brittle

3. Choose the best answer for each question given in the following. (10 marks)
(a) Amino acids are connected together in a chain by what type of bond?
A Covalent B. Ionic C. Metallic D. None of these
(b) The most stable form of carbon is ___________.
A. diamond B. graphene C. graphite D. coal
 (2)
(c) Which of the following pairs has same molecular geometry?
+ +
A. CH4 and SF4 B. NH4 and SF4 C. CH4 and NH4 D. Hydrogen
(d) When two elections are in the same orbital, which property must be different for them to comply
with the Pauli's exclusion principle?
A. Mass B. Spin C. Charge D. Energy
(e) Which one of the following substances acts as catalysts?
A. Carbohydrates B. Lipids C. Enzymes D. Nucleic acid
(f) __________ has the highest penetrating power.
A. Alpha particle B. X-ray C. Beta particle D. Gamma ray
+
(g) The number of unpaired electrons present in Cu ion is __________.
A. one B. two C. zero D. three
(h) Which element is always present in Arrhenius acid?
A. Hydrogen B. Oxygen C. Nitrogen D. None of these
(i) What is the impact of ocean acidification on marine life?
A. Enhanced coral growth B. Increased fish population
C. Reduced sea level rise D. Harm to shell fish and coral
(j) ___________ does not affect the state of the equilibrium position.
A. Temperature B. Pressure C. Concentration D. Colour
Ans: (a) A (b) C (c) C (d) B (e) C
(f) D (g) A (h) A (i) D (j) D

SECTION (B)
4. Answer All questions. (25 marks)
(a) (i) Which type of molecules can accept an electron pair from a molecule bearing a lone pair
electrons?
Give two examples for this type of molecules.
(ii) What does the type of chemical bonding depend on?
(iii) Name the forces that can be found in all substances.
Ans: (i) Electron deficient molecules can accept an electron pair from a molecule bearing a lone pair
electrons
Electron deficient molecule, eg., BF3 and AlCl3

(ii) The type of chemical bonding depends on types of elements, i.e., metals, non-metals.

(iii) London dispersion forces that can be found in all substances.

(b) (i) How does light affect the rate of a reaction?

3
(ii) When 8.0 g of sodium chloride is dissolved in 40 cm of water, the temperature falls to 20.5 °C
From 22.0 °C. Calculate the energy absorbed by the solution when sodium chloride dissolves.
-1 -1
Answer with three significant figures. (c = 4.18 j g °C , Na = 23, Cl = 35.5)
Ans: (i) The greater the intensity of light, the more reactant molecules are likely to gain the required
energy (activation energy). Thus, the reaction becomes explosive in the bright sunlight.
 (3)
(ii) mass of water = 40 g
specific heat capacity of water = 4.18 J g–1 °C–1
mass of sodium chloride =8g
initial temperature = 22.0 °C
final temperature = 20.5 °C
temperature change, T = 20.5 – 22.0 = - 1.5 °C
q = mcT
= 40 x 4.18 x (-1.5) ( means "final-initial")
= - 250.8 J = - 251 J
Since Tfinal < Tinitial, the heat is absorbed. Thus, the reaction is endothermic and the enthalpy
change is positive.
= 251 J (with three significant figures)

(c) (i) In the reaction, 2A(aq)  4B(aq) + C(aq), the decomposition of compound A at 300 K in a
solution with constant volume can be followed by monitoring the concentration of A. Initially (at
-3
t = 0), the concentration of A is 2.00 mol dm, and after 120 s, it is reduced to 1.76 mol dm .
Calculate the rate of the reaction.

(A) 2Hg(l) + O2(g) ⇌ 2HgO(s)

(ii) Classify each equilibrium system as either homogeneous or heterogeneous. Give reasons

(B) 2HF(g) ⇌ H2(g) + F2(g)

Ans: (i) 2A(aq)  4B(aq) + C(aq),
[A] = [A]t - [A]0
–3 –3
= (1.76 - 2.00) mol dm = - 0.24 mol dm
1 ∆ [ A] 1 −0.24 mol dm−3
rate =- =- x( )
2 ∆t 2 120 s
–3 –3 –1
= 1.0 x 10 mol dm s
–3 –3 –1
The rate of the reaction is 1.0 x 10 mol dm s .

(A) 2Hg(l) + O2(g) ⇌ 2HgO(s)

(ii) Classify each equilibrium system as either homogeneous or heterogeneous. Give reasons

This equilibrium is heterogeneous because the reactants and products are all in more than one

⇌
phase.
(B) 2HF(g) H2(g) + F2(g)
This equilibrium is homogeneous because the reactants and products are all in a single phase.

(d) (i) Give the long forms of the following recycling symbols that mention on plastic products.
PETE/PET, HDPE, PP
(ii) How are the biodegradable plastics made?
(iii) What gas is produced during combustion of PVC?
Ans: (i) PETE/ PET = polyethylene telephthalate
HDPE = high-density polyethylene
 (4)
PP = polypropene or polypropylene

(iii) Biodegradable plastics are made from monomers derived directly from plant materials, such as
polylactic acid (PLA).
PVC produces corrosive hydrogen chloride gas during combustion.

(e) (i) What are the sources of excess nitrogen and phosphorus in the ecosystem?
(ii) Define the term "Green technology"
(iii) How do the persistent organic pollutants harm the environment?
Ans: (i) The sources of excess nitrogen and phosphorus in the ecosystem are fertiliser runoff
and sewage.

(ii) Green technology is an environmentally friendly technology that builds products and systems to
conserve natural resources and the environment.

(iii) POPs are chemically stable, remain intact in the environment for long periods, and are lipophilic
in nature. Therefore, they accumulate in the fatty tissue of living organisms and reside for a
longer
period of time finally affecting humans and wildlife.
OR
(3)
(e) (i) Which fissile heavy atoms are used as fuels instead of fossil fuels in nuclear reactors?
(ii) Give the uses of caesium-137 radionuclide
(iii) What are the advantages of using plant-based insecticidal soap?
233 235 239
Ans: (i) Fissile heavy atoms ( U, U, Pu) are used as fuels instead of fossil fuels in nuclear reactors.
(ii) Caesium-137 is used as a tracer in medical radiation therapy devices for treating cancer, and
in industrial gauges that detect the flow of liquid through pipes.

(iii) Plant-based insecticidal soaps have several advantages over pesticides in that they leave no nasty
residue, are non-toxic to animals and birds, and do not harm beneficial insects.

5. Answer All questions. (15 marks)

2+ 2+ 2+ 2+
(a) (i) Why are the divalent ions of Co , Ni , Cu , and Zn poor reducing agents?
(ii) What is meant by ferromagnetic? Give the three examples of ferromagnetic substances.
(iii) Name the transition metal catalyst that is used for the Contact process.
2+ 2+ 2+ 2+
Ans: (i) Because of their greater nuclear attraction force, divalent ions of Co , Ni , Cu , and Zn
are poor reducing agents.

(ii) Ferromagnetic substance is a substance that is strongly attracted by the applied magnetic field,
and retains its magnetisation for some time even after the external magnetic field is removed.
Iron, cobalt, and nickel are ferromagnetic substances.
 (5)
(iii) Vanadium is used in the form of vanadium(V) oxide (V2O5) that is used for the Contact process.

(b) (i) Which spectroscopy is used to identify the functional groups of organic compounds?
(ii) How do you tell if a compound is an aldehyde or a ketone by using Fehling's test?
(iii) Sketch the structure of 2,4-DNP.
Ans: (i) Infrared spectroscopy is used to identify the functional groups of organic compounds.

(ii) When the clear blue Fehling's solution is warmed with an aldehyde, the reddish-brown
precipitate is formed. However, a ketone does not give precipitate with Fehling's solution.

(iii) 2,4-DNP (2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine)

NO2 NH2
N
H
O 2N

(c) (i) Describe the acid-base properties of water in the Bronsted-Lowry framework.
(ii) Calculate the concentration of hydroxide ions which are runoff from a coal mine with hydrogen
-4 -3
ions concentration of 1.2 x 10 mol dm . Is this solution acidic, basic, or neutral?
Ans: (i)

conjugate pair
+ –
H2O (l) + H2O (l) H3O (aq) + OH (aq)

acid 1 base 2 acid 2 base 1

conjugate pair
In pure water, one H2O molecule donates a proton and acts as an acid, and another water
molecule accepts a proton and acts as a base at the same time. The acid-base conjugate pairs
– +
are (1) H2O (acid) and OH (base) and (2) H3O (acid) and H2O (base). Having both proton-
accepting (protophilic) and proton-donating (protogenic) properties, water is called an
amphiprotic molecule.

+ –4 –3
(ii) [H ] = 1.2 x 10 mol dm
+ - –14 2 –6
Kw = [H ] [OH ] = 1.0 x 10 mol dm
−14
−14 1.0× 10
[OH ] = 1.0× 10
- –11 –3
= −4 = 8.33 x 10 mol dm
¿¿ 1.2 ×10
+ –4
pH = - log [H ] = - log (1.2 x 10 )
–4
= - log 1.2 – log 10 = - 0.079 + 4 = 3.921
The solution is acidic since the pH is less than 7.
 (6)
OR
- -
(c) (i) What are the conjugate acids for the bases, NH2 , NH3 and CH3COO ?
(ii) Calculate the pH of a buffer solution containing 0.10 mol of methanoic acid (pKa = 3.8), and 0.01
3
mol of sodium methanoate per dm .
-
Ans: (i) The conjugate acids for the bases, NH2 is NH3.
+
The conjugate acids for the bases, NH3 is NH4 .
-
The conjugate acids for the bases, CH3COO is CH3COOH.

+ –
(ii) HCOONa (aq) Na (aq) + HCOO (aq)
+ –
HCOOH (aq) H (aq) + HCOO (aq)
–3
[HCOOH] = 0.10 mol dm
–3
[HCOONa] = [HCOO–] = 0.01 mol dm
Ka = ¿¿
- log Ka = - log ¿ ¿
+ –3
pKa = - log [H ] – log 10
3.8 = pH + 1
pH = 2.8

6. Answer All questions. (15 marks)

(a) (i) What type of alcohol can be used to prepare propanone? Explain with relevant equation.
Describe the uses of acetone.
(ii) Give the structures of the following compounds
(A) 3,3-dimethylbutanal (B) 4-hydroxy-2,2-dimethylbutanoic acid
Ans: (i) Secondary alcohol or 2-propanol
+
K2Cr2O7, H
CH3CHOHCH3 + [O]  CH3COCH3 + H2O
2-propanol propanone
The uses of acetone = nail polish removers

(ii) CH3 O CH3 O

= =
(A) CH3 – C – CH2 –C–H (B) HOCH2 – CH2 – C – C – O – H
CH3 CH3

OR
(a) (i) What carboxylic acids and alcohols would you use to make the following esters?
(A) butyl methanoate (B) propyl propanoate
(ii) The boiling point of ether is much lower than alcohol of similar molecular mass. Why?

(7)
Ans: (i) (A) Methanoic acid or formic acid and 1-butanol
(B) Propanoic acid and propanol

(ii) Ethers have lower boiling points than that of an alcohol of the same molecular mass because
there is no intermolecular hydrogen bonding between ether molecules.

(b) (i) Why can transition metal compounds form coloured ions in an aqueous solution?
(ii) What are the metallic properties of the transition elements?
(iii) Which element in 3d transition series has the highest possible oxidation state?
Ans: (i) Transition elements form coloured compounds. Transition metal ions generally possess one or
more unpaired electrons. When visible light falls on a transition metal compound or ion, the
unpaired electron absorbs part of the visible light and transmits the complement colour.

(ii) Transition elements have typical metallic properties such as malleability, ductility, metallic
lustre, and high tensile strength.

(iii) Manganese element in 3d transition series has the highest possible oxidation state.

⇌
(c) (i) How would you control the pressure to obtain the high quantity of HCI in the given equilibrium?
2Cl2(g) + 2H2O(g) 4HCl(g) + O2(g) H = (+)
(ii) Hydrogen sulphide gas decomposes to form hydrogen and diatomic sulphur gaseous
-3
molecules, S2 at 1405 K. The equilibrium constant for the reaction is 2.270 x 10 . If the
-3
concentrations of S2 and H2S are 0.054 mol dm and 0.184 mol dm , how much of the
concentration of hydrogen gas would be produced?
Ans: (i) 2Cl2 (g) + 2H2O (g) 4HCl (g) + O2 (g) H = (+)
2 mol 2mol 4 mol 1 mol
The forward reaction is more moles of gases. The reverse reaction is fewer moles of gases.
According to Le Chatelier's principle, decreasing the pressure favours more moles of gases.
The forward reaction will be favoured.
Equilibrium shifts to left to right and more HCl gas will be formed.

(ii) 2H2S (g) 2H2 (g) + S2 (g)

–3 –3
0.184 mol dm 0.054 mol dm
2
[ H 2 ] [S 2 ]
Keq = 2
[H 2 S ]
2
2 K eq ×[H 2 S ] 2.27 ×10−3 ×(0.184)2
[ H2] = =
[S 2] 0.054
= 0.1423 x 10–2
[H2] = √ 0.1423 ×10−2
–3
= 0.0377 mol dm

(8)
7. Answer All questions. (15 marks)
(a) (i) Predict the shape of H2O molecule in terms of (i) Lewis structure, and (ii) VSEPR model.
What will be the bond angle of H – O – H?
(ii) Why does graphite have a hexagonal structure?
Ans: (i) Lewis structure It consists of 4 electron pairs around
the central atom O.
The geometry of electron pairs is tetrahedral.
There are two lone pairs on O atom.
It has a bent / V shape. < 120°
The bond angle H – O – H is less than 120°.

(ii) Graphite has a layer and planar structure formed by joining each carbon atom to the other three
carbon atoms by covalent bonds. Each layer is formed with hexagonal rings of carbon atoms.

OR
(a) (i) The molecule of XF has a dipole moment. Is "X" a boron or phosphorus? Give reason.
(ii) What are the requirements for the formation of hydrogen bonds between covalent
molecules?
Ans: (i) "X" is phosphorus because PF3 has a trigonal pyramidal geometry, leading to a non-zero overall
dipole moment, while BF3 is trigonal planar and has a zero dipole moment.

(ii) If two hydrogen atoms are approaching one another, three forces act on the atoms at the same
time. These three forces are:
(1) repulsive force between the electrons of atoms since like charges repel,
(2) attractive force between the nucleus of each atom and the electrons of another, and
(3) repulsive force between the two positively charged nuclei.
There is an optimum distance between two nuclei called the bond length where net attractive
forces are maximised and the most stable covalent bond is formed in the H – H molecule.

(b) (i) Using the bond enthalpy values, calculate the enthalpy change for the combustion of
methane shown by the equation, CH4(g) + 2O2(g)  CO2(g) + 2H2O(l).
-1 -1 -1
(E(C – H) = 410 kJ mol , E(O = O) = 496 kJ mol , E(C = O) = 805 kJ mol
-1
E(O – H) = 465 kJ mol )
(ii) State the Hess's law.
Ans: (i) CH4 (g) + 2O2 (g) CO2 (g) + 2H2O (l)
4(C – H) + 2(O = O) 2(C = O) + 2(2 x (O – H))
Bond breaking
H for bond breaking = [4 x E(C – H)] + [2 x E(O = O)]
= (4 x 410) + (2 x 496)
–1
= (1640 + 992) = + 2632 kJ mol
(9)
Bond making
 H for bond making = - [2x E(C = O)] + [-2 x (2 x E(O – H))]
= [- (2 x 805)] + [-2 (2 x 465)]
= (- 1610) + (-1860)
–1
= - 3470 kJ mol
Hc = enthalpy of bond broken + enthalpy of bond formed
–1
Hc = 2632 + (- 3470) = - 838 kJ mol

(ii) Hess's law

The enthalpy change for a chemical reaction is the same, whatever route is taken from reactants
to products.

(c) (i) What is the repeating unit of terylene?

(ii) How do you identify the amides functional group on the IR spectrum?
(iii) Primary amines are more soluble in water than secondary and tertiary amines. Why?
Ans: (i) O O
= =
The repeated unit of terylene is – C C–O O–

(ii) The IR spectrum of amides functional group would show a characteristic strong N – H
-1
stretching peak in the range of 3300-3500 cm .

(iii) Primary and secondary amines have higher boiling points than those of alkanes or ethers of a
similar molecular mass because they can form an intermolecular hydrogen bonding.

**********************************************************