TYPES OF PUBLIC SPEAKING

OVERVIEW

The ability to communicate well sets humans apart from all living creatures. Similarly, a person who
has an excellent ability to communicate effectively is superior to others. There is no question that having the
skillful ability to speak is so important to success in life. In fact, the most successful and most powerful
people over the centuries have mastered a formalized language system to communicate effectively that has
been formally taught for thousands of years. In this module will help more the student to recognize the
importance of having such a skill and burning their desire to learn public speaking. A variety of activities
will help the students to unleash their potential and abilities. Increase their self-esteem to have such
competent knowledge in speech writing and delivering during class via zoom or face-to-face set up.

OBJECTIVES

At the end of the lesson, the students are expected to;

1. Explain the different type of public speaking.

2. Adopt awareness of audience and context in presenting of ideas.
3. Write clear, coherent and effective speeches.
4. Follow steps in writing different types of speech.
5. Demonstrate a typical public speech in class via video recording or face-to-face settin

LET’S KNOW ACTIVITY 2.1

Watch the following link in YouTube and analyze the video what is it all about.
 Share your ideas in the class for discussion.

These are guide questions to help you understand more the video.
1. What is the video all about?
2. What is the purpose of the video?
3. Who is the person involved in the video?
4. What do you know about her?
5. What qualities, interests or value she can share with the audience?
6. How relevant is the topic she is sharing? Why?
7. Is her speech effective to the audience? Why?
8. Do you think her way of speaking affects you? How?
9. What is the overall impact of the video towards the audience and you?
10. Rate the quality of her speaking, what do you think the way she speaks towards the audience?

LET’S READ

LESSON 2: TYPES OF PUBLIC SPEAKING

TYPES OF PUBLIC SPEAKING

Public speaking is the art of designing and delivering in a message before an audience. Effective public
speaking requires understanding your audience, speaking objectives, choosing the best elements for the
speech that will engage your audience with your topic, and delivering your message practically.

Remember that public speaking is basically the same as a demonstration, EXCEPT that:

 It is just telling.
 It is just giving instructions.
 It requires careful planning and effective delivery with gestures, voice variety, and proper
grammar.

The only way to learn good public Speaking skills is to give one, and you’ll get better the more you give.

A good speaker will also think about the delivery method, or the way in which his/her speech will be
conveyed to the audience. There are few ways in which this is done:

READING FROM A MANUSCRIPT

In reading from a manuscript speech, the speaker reads every word from pre written speech. Reading
directly from the pages of a script has its benefits. You will not miss a single word or important fact.
However, the downside of this kind of delivery can be boring to the audience. Without eye contact, voice
variety, gesture or movement on stage, the audience may become disinterested.
The advantage of reading from a manuscript is the exact and original words stated in the speech. In
reading one word at a time, in order, the only errors would typically be mispronunciation of a word or
stumbling over complex sentence structure.

This speech delivery can be affective through the following techniques:

1. Maintaining a conversational tone of voice and audience eye-to- eye contact.

2. Ensuring that content of the speech is already interesting to the audience.
3. Avoiding the use of more formal written language, the simpler the better.

MEMORIZED SPEECH

Memorized speaking is about reciting the written message that the speaker composed. This type of
delivery is beneficial when the message needs to be exact and the speaker doesn’t want to be limited by
notes.

The good advantage of this speech delivery that it enables the speaker to establish and maintain powerful
eye contact with audience throughout the speech. Being free of notes gives you opportunity to move
freely around the stage and use your hands to make meaningful gestures; therefore, you can give more
attention to the audience.

Below are some ways to do when delivering a memorized speech:

1. When doing the speech, write as if you are speaking naturally, directly to the audience.
2. Have a short outline of the main point and the memorize it.
3. If delivering the same speech to the different audiences over time, memorize individual sections
and then combine the essential parts for each occasion.
4. If you tend to forget a word or phrase or a small portion of the speech, just something speaking.

IMPROMPTU SPEECH

Impromptu speeches often occur when someone is asked to “say a few words”, give a toast on a special
occasion or express an opinion about a topic. This is a speech that has no advanced planning or practice.
It is unprepared or unrehearsed.

The advantage of this kind of speech is that it’s spontaneous and responsive in an animated group
context. The disadvantage is that the speaker is given a little or no time to contemplate the central theme
of his or her message.

There are six basic steps to creating an impromptu speech:

1. Take a moment to collect your thoughts and plan the main point you want to make.
2. State the questions you are answering the purpose of your speech.
3. State the main point you want to make.
4. Support your main point with evidence or examples.
 5. Keep your points brief and straightforward.
6. Summarize your main point and show how you’ve answered the question or fulfilled your
purpose.

EXTEMPORANEOUS SPEECH

Extemporaneous speaking is a well-planned and well- rehearsed speech, delivered in conversational

manner using brief notes or guidelines. This kind of speech delivery allows more flexibility than just
reading from a manuscript because it is easier to adjust to meet the needs of an audience.

This type of speech delivery has some advantages. It shows that you, the speaker, will be perceived as
skilful, knowledgeable and credible. In addition, you audience will likely to listen and pay better attention
to the message because it is engaging both verbally and non-verbally. The challenge for this type of
speech delivery is that it requires a great deal of preparation for both the verbal and the nonverbal
components of speech.

Speakers delivering an extemporaneous speech prepare well ( with an outline) and practice in advance,
giving full attention to all the facets of the speech content, arrangement, and delivery.

There are several different ways to organize your thoughts to present them clearly when speaking
extemporaneously. Below are some of the following methods:

1. State your point of View and give the reason that you feel this way, giving examples of real life
experience to support your point of View.
2. Discuss the three important things that come to mind about the topic. Base your statements on the
existing facts or supporting proofs.
3. Consider the pros and cons of the issue, if applicable, and discuss those or talk about the two sides
of the issue.
4. Discuss how the topic affects you personally or how it affects the world in general.
5. End your statements by reviewing or summarizing the outlines you have presented and challenge
your audience with the attention getter you have introduced.
 OTHER PURPOSES OF COMMUNICATION

OVERVIEW

Communication is essential to express ones feelings and desires. It continually changes the manner of
speaking and what to speak about over time. Each situation finds a slightly different method of conversing with other
people. Depends on the situation also, sometimes communication has faltered which results of misunderstanding due
to unexpected scenarios. Thus in this module, it helps the students to attain special training in preparation for public
speaking or similar tasks likely to happen such as reflecting and learning the experience. Build the awareness of how
to respond appropriately the different situations and accelerate the development of understanding the purposes of
communication exchanges by going in at the deep end.

OBJECTIVES

At the end of the lesson, the students are expected to;

1. Identify different reasons why people communicate.

2. Discuss the functions of communication in a given context.
3. Write a various forms and functions of communication.

LET’S KNOW

Activity 3.1

NAME: DATE: |SCORE:

COURSE/ YEAR/ SECTION: INSTRUCTOR:
Examine and analyze the posts on facebook page below; determine what the purpose of the following is.

1. 2.
3. 4.

5. 6.
 LET’S READ
LESSON 3: OTHER PURPOSES OF COMMUNICATION
The genius scientist and essayist Francis Bacon once said that studies serve delight, for ornament, and for ability.
Their chief use for delight is in privateness and retiring; for ornament, is in discourse; and for ability, is in the
judgement and disposition of businesses. The function of communication serves for different purposes.
“Understanding” is the essence of communication while “expression” is the outcome of every message. This only
happens when there is an intention of understanding and being understood by those who are involved in a
communication situation. Communication is therefore not what it is said whether verbally, but what it understood.
Understanding is influenced by perceptions evolved over a period of time and colors our understanding. We all
have personal perceptions, and therefore understanding would need a conscious and deliberate effort by us and
cannot be left to chance, expecting it to happen by itself.
OTHER PURPOSES OF COMMUNICATION FOR INFORMATION
The purposes or functions of communication rely heavily on informing people or group of individuals about the
particular tasks, policies and procedures etc. we express our ideas in such a way that we want others to be
informed about our concerns, practices, and procedures. For instance, the circulating advertisements on social
media, news being reported on television or being aired on radios, invitation letters and memoranda are some of
the forms of this communication. Indeed, becoming informed or informing others is the main purpose of
communication.
EXAMPLE
The circulating advertisements on social media, on new being reported on television or being aired in radios,
invitation letters and memoranda are some of the forms of this communication. Indeed, becoming informed or
informing others is the main purpose of communication.
FOR EMOTIONAL EXPRESSION
Effective communication gives a release of emotional expression of feelings and fulfilment of social needs, personal
fulfilment and self-expression. Have you ever written a special letter for a friend or someone you deeply admire?
Have you ever been at a movie and let out a bellowing laugh and snort only to realize no one else is laughing?
Emotions are clearly personal, as they often project what we’re feeling on the inside to those around us whether
we want it to show or not.
EXAMPLE:
Our daily post on facebook, hash tags and tweets that evoke our emotions, our simple love notes, or letter of
complaints are some of the forms of this communication.
FOR INTEGRATION
It said that one cannot survive without communication. Communication also helps in socializing. In today’s life the
presence of another individual fosters communication. A competent speaker chooses a language which is not only
functionally effective, but is also appropriate to the social situation he is in. He considers the purpose why he is
speaking and the means by which he can communicate his purpose to his audience.
EXAMPLE:
When we communicate people around us, we choose the proper words and situations by which our means of
giving responses can be easily understood by the person or the group of people we are communicating with. The
choice of words, kind of jokes, tone of voice, and manner of feedback are very important aspects in order to
integrate ourselves in the complex process of communication.

FOR DIRECTION OR INSTRUCTION

Communication is necessary to issue directions from a sender to receiver. We can perform better when we are
directed well and receive proper communication, memorandum or simple message that inform us what to do or
how to accomplish a certain tasks. Directing others may be communicated either by orally or in writing. An order
may be common order, request order or implied order. Can you imagine a police officer or general army
commander giving directions o their subordinates? This is exactly what this form of communication is all about.
EXAMPLE:
A police officer or general army commander giving directions to his
subordinates. Classroom situations
Manager and employees.
FOR INFLUENCING
Have you ever tried convincing your friend to join a roller-coaster ride with you? Or have you
experienced persuading your classmates to support your advocacy or agree on your side in a public
debate? Your convincing power is highly important on those situations. A complete communication
process is necessary in influencing others or being influenced. The individual having a potential to
influence others can easily persuade others. It implies the provision of feedback which tells the effect
of communication.
FOR CONTROL
Effective communication acts as a controller to someone’s behavior in several ways. Communication
has power, but like any powerful tool it needs to be used effectively or it can cause self-inflicted harm
misunderstanding, and confusions. When we start giving an advice, writing a letter or
recommendation, or expressing emotions or feelings to stop someone from doing something are some
of the forms of communications.
EXAMPLE
When start giving an advice, writing a letter of recommendation, evaluation or reaction, or expressing
emotions or feelings to stop someone from doing something, we are into using this kind of
communication.