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PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE

The document explains the structure and usage of the present perfect simple tense, including its formation for affirmative, negative, and question forms. It outlines when to use the tense, such as for actions that started in the past and continue to the present, recent events, and experiences without specific time references. Additionally, it covers specific expressions like 'since', 'for', 'yet', 'already', and 'still', as well as the distinction between 'been' and 'gone'.

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2 views

PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE

The document explains the structure and usage of the present perfect simple tense, including its formation for affirmative, negative, and question forms. It outlines when to use the tense, such as for actions that started in the past and continue to the present, recent events, and experiences without specific time references. Additionally, it covers specific expressions like 'since', 'for', 'yet', 'already', and 'still', as well as the distinction between 'been' and 'gone'.

Uploaded by

florencia.ibarra
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE

I, You, We, They Have Past Participle (Verb 3rd


column or -ed)

He, She, It Has Past Participle (Verb 3rd


column or -ed)

AFFIRMATIVE

I, You, We, They Haven’t/ Have not Past Participle (Verb 3rd
column or -ed)

He, She, It Hasn’t/ Has not Past Participle (Verb 3rd


column or -ed)

NEGATIVE

Have I, You, We, They Past Participle (Verb 3rd


column or -ed) ?

Has He, She, It Past Participle (Verb 3rd


column or -ed) ?

QUESTIONS

Main rule: We use the present perfect simple to refer to events in the past that
are connected to the present.
We use the present perfect:
1. For something that started in the past and continues in the present:
She has lived in Liverpool all her life.
'Since' and 'For'
We use 'since' with a fixed time in the past (2004, April 23rd, last year).

I've known Sam since 1992.

We use 'for' with a period of time (2 hours, three years, six months).

I've known Julie for ten years.

2. To talk about a finished event in the very recent past. We do not give a
specific time. We often use words like just or recently

What’s this? What’s just happened?


The company has recently opened an office in the UK.
Niki and John have just come back from a week in Spain.
3. When a past action has a connection with the present:

She’s broken her arm. (Her arm is still broken now.)


Why haven’t you dressed in something warmer? (You got dressed in the past
but the clothes are not warm enough for now.)

4. To talk about our experiences up to now. The time of the experiences is not
important:
And I’ve seen ‘Nemo’ and I’ve seen ‘Toy Story in Buenos Aires. And I want to
see ‘Inside Out’ next.
We’re going to Wagamama’s for dinner tonight. I’ve been there a couple of
times before.

Although we do not give a specific time, we often use general time expressions
like ever, never, before, in my life, so far, up until now
We haven’t met before, have we?
They’ve sold 110 books so far.

We often use ever, not … ever and never when we talk about experiences:
It was the worst performance we have ever seen.
Have you ever tried to write your name with your left hand?
She’s never said sorry for what she did.

We usually use the present perfect simple with the first time when we’re talking
about an immediate, continuing or recent event:
That’s the first time I’ve seen you get angry.

How long …?

We often use expressions with for and since to answer the question How long
…+ present perfect simple. We use the How long …? question to ask about the
duration of a state or activity:
A:
How long have you worked there?
B:
Since 21 August. So for about four months.

Yet
We use yet + the present perfect simple, mainly in questions and negative
statements, to refer to things we intend to do in the future but which are not
done:
Don’t wash up that cup. I haven’t finished my coffee yet. (I intend to finish it.)
Haven’t you done your homework yet? (You intend to do it.)

Already

We use already + the present perfect simple when we want to emphasise that
something is done or achieved, often before the expected time:
I’ve already booked my flight home.
A:
Will you go and clean your teeth!
B:
I’ve already cleaned them.

Still

We use still + the present perfect simple when we want to emphasise that
something we expected to happen continues not to happen:
She still hasn’t said sorry to me.
I feel really tired. I still haven’t recovered from the jet lag.

Been and Gone

We use 'been' (often when we talk about life experience) to mean that the
person we're talking about visited the place and came back.

I've been to Paris (in my life, but now I'm in London, where I live).

They have never been to California.

We use 'gone' (often when we are talking about an action with a result in the
present) to mean that the person went to the place and is at the place now.

Where's John? He's gone to the shops (he's at the shops now).

They've gone to Japan for three weeks (now they're in Japan).

BE CAREFUL!
We do not use the present perfect with adverbials which refer to a finished past
time: yesterday, last week/month/year, in 2017 , when I was younger, etc.

I have seen that film yesterday.

We have just bought a new car last week.

When we were children we have been to California.

but we can use the present perfect with adverbials which refer to a time which is
not yet finished: today, this week/month/year, now that I am 18, etc.

Have you seen Helen today?

We have bought a new car this week.

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