VANCOUVER STYLE OF REFERENCE WRITING

journals,the entire page range of an 345

pageon whichthe information was found. For article
For books,ornochapter
page numbers
is given, are given, with
not the
7
Pages:
(woexceptions:the page number of a dictionary entry is included as well as the specific
page
chapter withn in a multiauthor title,
range
ofa

of Writing the Reference

Format
L Books
the first word in the title of a book or
first letter of conference should be capitalized
the, nons or acronyms. Capitalize the Vin volume
Only proper for a book title.
for
except.

StandardFormat
#Author/editor AA. Title: subtitle. Edition (if not the first). Vol. (if a multivolume work). Place of
page number(s) (if appropriate).
publication: Publisher; Year.

or editor
. Single author
M. Microscopic techniques in biotechnology. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH; 2003.
Hoppert editor. Functional metabolism: regulation and adaptation. Hoboken (NJ):
"
Storey KB,Sons; 2004.
J. Wiley && authors or editors science. Clifton Park(NY): Thomson
Two or more MC. Introduction to veterinary
Lawhead JB, Baker
Delmar Learning; 2005.
Dorsten JP, editors. Operative obstetrics. 2nd ed.
Cunningham FG, Van
Gilstrap LC,McGraw-Hill; 2002.
New York: University Press; 2003. p. 26.
Oxford: Oxford
" No author
concise nedical dictionary. 6th ed.
. The Oxford
Medical microbiology. 4th ed.
Pfaller MA.
KS, Kobyashi GS,
" Later edition
Rosenthal
Murray PR,
St Louis: Mosby;
2002.
editors. Wintrobes clinical hema
JN,
"Multiple volumes Foerster L, Athens J W, Lukens
Bithell TC, Philadelphia: Lea & Febiger; 1993.
" Lee GR, Vol. 2. and tobacco on
tology. 9th ed. other than alcohol
Epidemiology
" Series The impact of drugs Health; 2004.
JP IBartu A. of
" Unwin E, Codde WesternAustralians. Perth: Department
ue health of series, No. 20. organization) Examination
Committee.
occasional papers
company or National Board information for candi-
" Corporate author (i.e. a Association. of
Medical Examination: bulletin
" American Veterinary Licensing
North American Veterinary Committee; 2001. Proceedings of the
The
dates. Bismarck (ND):conference proceedings)Germ cell tumours New York: Springer;
V.
" UK.
" Conference
(complete
Jones WG, editors.Sep 13-15; Leeds,
Harnden P, Joffe JK, conference; 2001
5th Germ Cell Tumour
2002.
NURSING RESEARCH
 UTILIZATION OFRESEARCH
|L. COMMUNICATION AND
346
" Government publication
Department of Veterans Affairs and
" Australia. Commonwealth
health study 2003, Canberra: (Commonwealth of Defence,
Gulf War veterans'
. Australian Burecau of Statistics. Disability, ageing and carers: summary of
Canberra: ABS; 1999, ABS
" Scientific/technicalreport
publication 4430.0. Nstrala, Nustra20 7
adaptation and health of an expedition in
" Lugg DJ, Physiological adaptation. Canberra: A.G.PS.; 1977.
ment on behavioural ANARE scientific AustAntralairactnica: wIlhc
SeGovieermst B
Departmnent of Science, Antarctic Division. reports.
Medical science No. 0126.
" Thesis or Dissertation
survey of Hispanic
" Borkowski MM. Infant sleep and feeding: atelephone

papil omaviruses,Ame.icans.
Michigan University; 2002
[dissertation]. Mount Pleasant (MI): Central novel
characterisation of
Hincks CL. The detection and University; 2001.
Science, Honours [thesis]. Murdoch: Murdoch
Patent/standard
Pagedas AC, inventor; Ancel Surgical R&D Inc., assignee. Flexible endoscopic g
Biomedic
and cutting device and positioning tool
assembly. United States patent US
2002 Aug 1. 20 201034%
II. Parts of a Book
Note: These examples are for chapters or parts of edited worksin which
the
chapters
or parts
individual title and author/s, but are included in collections or textbooks edited by others..If the hay
of a work are also the authors of all of the included chapters then it should be cited as awholeedtor
using the examples given above (books). Capitalize only the first word of aj paper or book chapter.

Standard Format
#. Author of Part, AA. Title of chapter or part. In: Editor A, Editor B, editors. Title: subhl t
Book. Edition (if not the first). Place of publication: Publisher; Year. Page numbers.

Article/chapter in abook
" Meltzer PS, Kallioniemi A, Trent JM. Chromosome alterations in human solid tumos
In: Vogelstein B, Kinzler KW, editors. The gernetic basis of human cancer. New Yortk
McGraw-Hill; 2002. p. 93-113.
" Ford HL, Sclafani RA, Degregori J. Cell cycle regulatory cascades. In: Stein GS, Pardk:a
AB, editors. Cellcycle and growth control: biomolecular regulation and cancer. 2nd
Hoboken (N): Wiley-Liss;2004. p.42-67.
" Conference or seminar paper statistichr
" Christensen S, Oppacher F. An analysis of Koza's computational effort
genetic programming. In: Foster JA, Lutton E, Miller I, Ryan C, Tettamanzi AG,e
Conferene
Genetic programming. EuroGP 2002: Proceedings of the 5th European
Springer,2NU
on Genetic Programming; 2002, Apr 3-5; Kinsdale, Ireland. Berlin:
p. 182-91,

I. FUNDAMENTALS OF NURSINGRESEARCH
 VANCOUVER STYLE O
REPERENC WRITINC
uunit
readers 347
and fron
guides

cite
not unit readers, study
should tothe
original source guides, or lecture
If you donotes,
go of the but where pos
information.
dy
o u

should treatthe
reader, eader articles as if they were need to cite articles
book
erou

numbers or
t
reterto the page from the reader, if journal articles, In your
a t(iu
onns you
have
independently consulted given, not
the original). the original page num
ess

God's signature: DNA profiling, the new gold

rs
,Lynch
M

EndeavOur: 2003,27(2): 93-7. Reprinted In: Forensic standard in forensic science.

forforensicDNA component. Murdoch: Murdoch Investigati2005.
University; on (BIO373) unit reader
Journal
IArticles
the frst word of an
alizeonly
issixauhors articleof journals
followed by 'et al'. The titles title, except for beproper
should abbreviated
nouns oras acronyms.
they appear List
in the
the
Journals Database. Volume, 1SSue, and
WEDLINE page numbers are given but not
range, uSe elided ranges, e.g. 123-9, 126-34, or labelled. To
111-222. If you refer to only one page,indi-
use

StandardFormat
#Author of
article AA,
Author of article BB, Author of article CC. Title of
TitleofJournal. Year; Vol.(issue): page number(s). article. Abbreviated

Drummond1PD. Triggers of motion sickness

653-6.
Sin migraine sufferers. Headache. 2005;45(6):
Halpern SD, Ubel PA,Caplan AL. Solid-organ transplantation in HIV-infected patiernts.
NEngl J Med. 2002;347(7):284-7.
Ceck MJ, Yoo S, Wang JC. Assessment of cervical ligamentous injury in trauma patients
using MRI. J Spinal Disord. 2001;14(5):371-7.
, More than six authors
. Gillespie NC, Lewis RJ, Pearn JH, Bourke ATC, Holmes MJ, Bourke JB, et al. Ciguatera
in Australia: occurrence, clinical features, pathophysiology and management. Med J
Aust. 1986;145:584-90.
Organization as author
. Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group. Hypertension, insulin, and proinsulin in
participants with impaired glucose tolerance. Hypertension. 2002;40(5):679-86.
" No author given
" 21st century heart solution may have a sting in the tail. BMJ. 2002;325(7537):184.
" Volume with supplement
" Geraud G, Spierings EL, Keywood C. Tolerability and safety of frovatriptan with short
and long-term use for treatment of migraine and in comparison with sumatriptan.
Headache. 2002;42 Suppl 2:S93-9. t
" Issue with supplement
Glauser TA. Integrating cinical trial data into clinical practice. Neurology. 2002,58
(12 Suppl 7):S6-12.

I. FUNDAMENTALS OF NURSING RESEARCH

 348
II COMMUNICATION ANDUTILIZATION OF RESEARCH
" Volunme with part
" Abend SM, Kulish N. The
Int J Psychoanal. 2002;83(Ptpsychoanalytic method from an epistemological
" Issue with
part 2):491-5.
" Ahrar K, Madoff DC, Gupta S, Wallace MJ, Price RE, Wright KC.
" Issue with no volume
" Banit DM, Kaufer H, Hartford JM. Intraoperative frozen
total joint arthroplasty. Clin Orthop. 2002;(401):230-8.
Developrmento
animal model for lung tumors. I Vasc Interv Radiol. 2002;13(9 Pt 1):923-8

section analysis
in
alaty

" Newspaper article

" O'Leary C. Vitamin Cdoes little to prevent winter cold. The West Australian revitR
V. E-Books

Standard Format
#. Author A, Author B. Title of e-book [format]. Place: Publisher; Date of original
lcited year abbreviated month davl. Available from: Source. URL.
publication
" Van Belle G, Fisher LD, Heagerty PJ, Lumley TS. Biostatistics: a
methodolo2005gy Juforn' the
health sciencess[e-book]. 2nd ed. Somerset(NJ): Wiley InterScience; 2003 [cited
Available from: Wiley InterScience electronic collection.
C
Sommers-Flanagan J, Sommers-Flanagan R. Clinical interviewing [e-book].
York: John Wiley &Sons; 2003 [cited 2005 Jun 30]. Available from: NetLibrary.3rd ed. NeN
" Article in an electronic reference book:
- Widdicombe J.. Respiration. In: Blakemore C, Jennett S, editors. The Oxford
ion to the body [e-book. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2001 [cited 2005compan:
lun'
Available from: Oxford Reference Online. http://www.oxfordreference.com.
- Lee HC, Pagliaro EM. Serology: blood identification. In: Siegel J, Krnupfer G, Saukko ,
editors. Encyclopedia of forensic sciences [e-book]. San Diego: Academic Press: h
Icited 2005 Tun 30): 1331-8. Available from: Science Direct Reference. www.elsevjero

V. E-Journals
Standard Format
#. Author A, Author B. Title of article. Abbreviated Title of Journal [format]. Year (cited year ab
breviated month dayl,vol.(no): page numbers [estimated if necessary]. Available from: datibse
name (if appropriate). URL.

Journal article abstract accessed from online database:

" Leroy EM, Telfer P, Kumulungui B, Yaba P, et al. Aserological survey of boa
infection in central African nonhuman primates. JInfect Dis (abstract), 2004 atelt
Jun 30];190(11):1895. Available from: ProQuest.http://www.umi.com/proquesl

I. FUNDAMENTALS OF NURSING RESEARCH

 YANCOUVER STYLE OF REFERENCE WRITING
citationsare
only
inchuded in areference list if the 349
couldnot be accessed.
abstract is substantial or if the
atcle,
from onlinefull-text database:
pnal
the
inchuding internet address of articlesretrieved from
URLs for Full-text
Databases',whichsearches
'Recommended in
and
full-text databases,
are the URLs
service are easier to reproduce. for the main
the
Hardardottir KE. For whom the
G,
Palsson cell Jun 30)}43(2);271+(about
CuTAnthropol(serial online]. 2002 [cited 2005 tolls: debates about biomedi31cinpages).
Academic
e (1).
OneFile.
from:
Available,
htp:/ find.galegroup.com.
AllenC Crake D, Wilson H, Buchholz A. Polycystic Ovary syndrome and alow glyce-
mic
indexdiet. Can J Diet Pract Res [serial online], 2005 [cited 2005 Jun 30],Summer:3.
Availabiefrom: ProQuest. http:/ /il.proquest.com.
Jourmal
l articlein ascholarly journal (published free of charge on the internet):
EisenSA,Kang HK, Murphy FM, Blanchard MS, Reda DI, Henderson WG, et al. Gulf
veterans health: medical evaluation of a U.S. cohort? Ann Intern Med (serial on the
War
Internet).2005 [cited 2005 June 30];142(11):881 +[about 12 pages],. Available from:
htp://www.annals.org/.
larticle in electronic journal subscription:
Journal
Barton CA, McKenzie
DP, Walters EH, et al. Interactions between psychosocial problems
2005
" management ofaasthma: who is at riskof dying? JAsthma[serial on the Internet).
and :249-56. Available from: http://www.tandf.co.uk/journals/.
[cited2005Jun30];42(4):online
Newspaperarticle from database:
Australian [newspaper online]. 2005 Jun 14
The
Deame K. Dispensing with the chemist. Available from: Factiva. http://global.factiva.com.
Ioited 2005 Jun 30]:|about 8 screens|.
theinternet:
Newspaper article from deter
[newspaper
smokers. Sydney Morning Heraldhttp://www.
may be used to
. Diseased organs (cited 2005 Jun 30]; para. 45. Available
from:
on the Internet. 2005Jun 29
Smh.com.au/.

VL. Internet Documents

Standard Format Source/production information;

Document title. Webpage name [format]. URL.
#. Author A, Author
B. Available from:
publication [cited year month dayl.
Date of internet
factors
internet site: Chronic diseases and associated risk cited
"Professional Health and Welfare. Institute; 2004 [updated 2005 June 23;
Australian Institute of The
http://www.aihw.gov.au/cdarf/index.cfm.
Internetl. Canberra:
|document on the
Available from: Child
2005Jun 30]. Stanley. Telethon Institute forJun 30]
" Personal internet site: Professor Fiona 2005
e Perth: The Institute; 2005[cited
" Stanley E Information page ichr.uwa.edu.au/about/schools/.
theInternet).
Health Research [homepage
Available from:http://www

NURSING RESEARCH
FUNDAMENTALSOF
I.
 REFERENCES
AMERICAN
Books
" I. OF Letter:
Conversation:
Communications
" Personal VIII.
" programme:
Television "
Email: Microform: " Podcasts: "
Single-author " " Broadcasting recording:Video Standard
Placeof Format
#. VM. " 350
" Cohen " " [document "
Alverez,(mh@hospital.wa.gov.au) Smith As2002, In recording].[microfiche]. STARSTUFF.Xml.
podcast/pekingtoparis.xml. 4Brown Person mentalstate/. General
stated a Hillel Terrypodcast/Radio;
2007Dec Gary,S.(cited JunePeking
conversation publication:
Publisher;
Year. Writing online;Lavelle
P. oral J, AA,
New reporter. J, HewsonKW,GS,
2005 internet
A.
PSYCHOLOGICAL communication, in writer. Black Brodie
to W,
K,
(1970).book Corporation; Bendigo: Reference P.
a Paris: Responsibility
research letter Perth: MaMental
Out death
holeray. 2008Feb y site:
The and with Messing [cited
2008 23 Episode 19
I. from of & f or IL
TALS savage part Videosight Minerals appropriate). (if
(cited state
projects a 2005 4]. George P. COMMUNI ofCATION
2000 B.J. colleague Rowe MB. Non-book
of 7th with
Education 3 2005
nation.
the
god: a Samuels, Mar out and Available
[podcast
book: Feb in August). heads. of StarStuff Jul
A 21. Available Feb4]. From
studyASSOCIATION gastroenterology 5 from mind: Energy 1).
[cited http:// Title: Formats AND
OF MD, Characterisation from on Baikal
Lake Available
Four
Australasia; [podcast Health
RSING of
..the indigenous Research the UTILIZATION
2000 in subtitle
suicide. School corners
July Internet]. from:tmatters
he on
Mar /www.abC.net.au/tv)
lpekingjopats
from on [format].
ARCH 2002. 2003. Institute to RESEARCH OF
New [online]. of people' s the the leat http://
17]. television
STYLE Population of Internet) Sydney: .Special IAbc.net.au|e
York: http://abc.net.au/newsraiinhaled halfway
of
E-mail health
Random broadcast), Western
Health in dusts Syáney: ABC mark, credits(ff
to Nekateinou
AustraliaAustralia;, approriate
Matthew at
Fhou (Jamesn ABCY
Australan minestes
| 1y%
Hut I