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Lab Report 2

The experiment aims to determine the acceleration due to gravity (g) using a compound pendulum, specifically a bar pendulum. The theoretical framework involves calculating the time period (T) of oscillation and its relationship with the moment of inertia and distance from the center of gravity. The report includes equations for T and g, as well as a method for plotting results to find the equivalent length of a simple pendulum with the same period.

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4 views

Lab Report 2

The experiment aims to determine the acceleration due to gravity (g) using a compound pendulum, specifically a bar pendulum. The theoretical framework involves calculating the time period (T) of oscillation and its relationship with the moment of inertia and distance from the center of gravity. The report includes equations for T and g, as well as a method for plotting results to find the equivalent length of a simple pendulum with the same period.

Uploaded by

tysoncosta3
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Lab Report-2

Name Of Experiment:
To determine the Value of g, acceleration due to gravity by the means of
compound pendulum.
Theory:
A bar pendulum is the simplest form of compound pendulum. It is in the
form of a rectangular bar with holes drilled along its length with equal
separation. The mass of bar is assumed to be equally distributed along
the bar.
The motion of the pendulum is Simple Harmonic and the Time period ‘T’ is
given by

T=2ℼ
√ I
mgl
——————————Eqn(1)

Where ‘I’ denotes the moment of inertia of the pendulum about the
horizontal axis through its center of suspension and ‘L’ is the distance
between center of suspension and Centre of gravity of the pendulum.
According to the theory of parallel Axes, if ‘I’ is the moment of inertia of
pendulum about an axis through center of gravity, then the moment of
inertia ‘I’ about a parallel axis at distance ’L’ from center of gravity is
given by,

I = IG + ml2
I = mk2 + ml2 —————————
Eqn(2)

Where k is the radius of gyration of the pendulum about the axis through
center of gravity and IG is the moment of inertia about its center.
Substituting Eqn(2) in Eqn(1), we get,

T=2ℼ
√ mk 2+ml 2
mgl

T=2ℼ
√ k 2+l 2
gl
T=2ℼ l
√
k2
+l
g

T=2ℼ
√ L
g
L
Solving for g, g= 4ℼ2
T2

Where L is the length of equivalent simple pendulum, given by

L=¿)
l2 - lL - k2 = 0

This equation is a quadratic equation, where ‘l’ has two roots. If l 1


and l2 are the two values of l, then by the theory of quadratic
equations,

l1 + l2 = L and l1 · l2=k

Since both the sum and the product of the two roots are positive, for any value of l,
k2
there is a second point on the same side of C.G. and at a distance from it, about
l
which the pendulum will have the same Time Period. Graph is plotted with the Time
Period on the x-axis and the distance from the point of suspension from C.G on the y-
axis, it is expected to have the shape with two curves which are symmetrical about
the C.G. of the bar. To find the length L of a simple pendulum with the same period, a
horizontal line ABCD can be drawn which cuts the graph at points A, B, C and D, all of

of oscillation (C is at distance of l1+l2=L from the center of suspension A). Similarly,


which read the same Time Period. For A as the center of suspension, C is the center

for B as the center of suspension, D is the center of oscillation.

Apparatus
 Bar Pendulum
 Stop Watch
Table 1: Measurement of T and l
Least count of stop-watch = 0.01 sec.

At the Hole Distance Time for Mean Mean


Top number from End 10 Time for Time
A Oscillatio 10 Period
L/cm n Oscillatio (T)/s
(t)/s ns (t)/s

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