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Reviewer_Methods_of_Reliability_Testing

The document outlines the importance of reliability in psychological measurement, emphasizing its role in ensuring consistency and accuracy. It distinguishes between reliability and validity, detailing various methods for assessing reliability, including test-retest, parallel forms, internal consistency, and inter-rater reliability. Additionally, it provides guidelines for pilot testing and interpreting reliability coefficients to maintain the integrity of psychological research.

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1 views

Reviewer_Methods_of_Reliability_Testing

The document outlines the importance of reliability in psychological measurement, emphasizing its role in ensuring consistency and accuracy. It distinguishes between reliability and validity, detailing various methods for assessing reliability, including test-retest, parallel forms, internal consistency, and inter-rater reliability. Additionally, it provides guidelines for pilot testing and interpreting reliability coefficients to maintain the integrity of psychological research.

Uploaded by

m.meivillaroel
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PSY 102 – Psychological Statistics

Reviewer: Methods of Reliability Testing

I. Overview of Reliability
• Reliability is the consistency, stability, and dependability of a measurement instrument.
• Reliable instruments ensure that scores are free from random error and reflect the true
characteristics being measured.

II. Validity vs. Reliability


Validity – Measures if the instrument truly assesses what it's supposed to.

Content Validity – Ensures items represent the construct, assessed by experts.

 Content Validity Methods:


 • Content Validity Index (CVI):
- I-CVI (Item-Level)
- S-CVI (Scale-Level)
 • Aiken’s V:
- Rating scale (5–7 points)
- 3–10 expert evaluators

III. Pilot Testing


A small-scale study to test feasibility and improve instruments before full-scale research.

 Purpose:
 • Assess design and logistics
• Collect preliminary data
• Refine instruments and procedures
 Sample Size Guidelines:
 • Julious (2005): 12 per group
• Hertzog (2008): 10–40 participants
• 10% Rule: 10% of the main study’s sample size

IV. Types of Reliability Testing


 Test-Retest Reliability

 Measures stability over time


 Same test given twice; correlation via Pearson r
 Pros: Easy, effective for stable traits
 Cons: Practice effects, time changes

 Parallel Forms Reliability


 Two equivalent forms of a test given to the same participants
 Pros: Reduces practice effects
 Cons: Hard to make equivalent versions

 Internal Consistency Reliability

 Measures how items within a test relate to each other


 Uses Cronbach’s Alpha or Split-Half Reliability
 Pros: Single administration
 Cons: Assumes unidimensionality

 Inter-Rater Reliability

 Measures agreement between raters


 Statistical Tools:
 • Cohen’s Kappa – for categorical data
 • Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) – for continuous data
 Pros: Great for observational/subjective data
 Cons: Requires training and consistency

V. Interpreting Reliability Coefficients


 Cronbach’s Alpha / Pearson r Interpretation:

 • ≥ 0.90 – Excellent
• 0.80–0.89 – Good
• 0.70–0.79 – Acceptable
• 0.60–0.69 – Questionable
• 0.50–0.59 – Poor
• < 0.50 – Unacceptable

 Kappa / ICC Interpretation (Landis & Koch, 1977):

 • 0.81–1.00 – Near complete agreement


• 0.61–0.80 – Strong
• 0.41–0.60 – Moderate
• 0.21–0.40 – Fair
• 0.00–0.20 – Poor

VI. Final Notes


• Reliability is crucial in psychological research to ensure accuracy and trustworthiness.
• Unreliable tools can result in invalid conclusions, misdiagnosis, and ineffective
interventions.

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