The document provides an overview of various computer hardware components, including input and output devices, types of RAM, hard disks, power supply connectors, and PCI/AGP slots. It also covers USB standards, operating system requirements, and steps for creating a bootable pen drive, along with configuration for MS Office Outlook. Additionally, it discusses BIOS functions, differences between PATA and SATA, and types of monitors, mice, and keyboards.
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The document provides an overview of various computer hardware components, including input and output devices, types of RAM, hard disks, power supply connectors, and PCI/AGP slots. It also covers USB standards, operating system requirements, and steps for creating a bootable pen drive, along with configuration for MS Office Outlook. Additionally, it discusses BIOS functions, differences between PATA and SATA, and types of monitors, mice, and keyboards.
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NETWORKING A+:
1. Define input and output devices of the computer?
A. Input Devices: An input device is a hardware component which is used to enter the data for processing. Examples: Keyboard, Mouse, Image Scanner, Digital Cameras.
Output Devices: An output device is a peripheral of equipment device that is used
to give results of processed data. Examples: Monitor, Printer, Sound card, Video card. *Touch screen is the combination of both input and output devices.
2. What is RAM and Types of RAM?
A. It is type of computer memory that can be accessed randomly. Therefore, only bit of memory can be accessed without touching the preceding bytes. It is found in servers, Pc’s, Tablets, Smartphones and other devices. Types of RAM: • SRAM : Static Random-Access Memory It uses multiple transistors typically 4 – 6 for each memory cell, but doesn’t have a capacitor in each cell. It is primarily used for cache memory. • DRAM : Dynamic Random-Access Memory It has memory cells with a pair of transistor and capacitor requiring constant refreshing., • SDRAM : Synchronous Dynamic Random-Access Memory It is used to increase the number of instructions that the processor can perform in a given time. It is faster than DRAM. • DIMM transfer 64bits at a time. • SIMM transfer 32bits at a time. • Ranges from 128MB to 32GB. • DDRSRAM : Dual Double Rate Synchronous Random-Access Memory. It is just like SDRAM except that it has highest bandwidth means greater speed. Maximum transfer rate of cache memory is approx. 1.064Mbps (DDRSDRAM – 133MHz) • DDR1 : It contains 184 pins and bandwidth is 2700mb/s • DDR2 : This is faster than DDR and it has higher bus speed • DDR3 : It performs double the speed of DDR2 & 240 pins • DDR4 : It offers a higher range of speed than DDR3 and 288pins. STANDARD DATA RATE VOLTAGE SDRAM 100-166 3.3 DDR1 266-400 2.5/2.6 DDR2 533-800 1.8 DDR3 1066-1600 1.35/1.5 DDR4 2133-3200 1.2
3. What is Hard disk? Its connectors and power cables?
A. Hard Disk: A hard disk is an electromechanical data storage device that uses magnetic storage to store and retrieve digital information using one or more rigid rapidly rotating discs coated with magnetic material. Connectors: Bit serial interface, modern bit serial interface connected to a hard disk drive to a host bus interface adapter with one data. Controller cable, fiber channel is a successor to SCSI interface on enterprise market. It contains serial protocol. Power Cable: * A SATA SDD will come with only one SATA Power connector and a data transmission cable. * New HDD/SSD probably arrived with at least its interface cable. But your device also need power. * The power usually comes in the form of 4-Pin MOLEX power connector with a SATA drive specific connector.
4. What is the use of Grey Colour Wire?
A. This wire sends +5V signal as long as the PSU. It is providing power within normal parameters. It can be used to power on LED indicator to show that the unit is functioning properly or not.
5. Colour and Voltage of SMPS Wires?
A. COLOR VOLTAGE Black 0V (GROUND) Orange +3.3V Red +5V Yellow +12V Yellow with blackstripe +12V (2ND RAIL) White -5V Blue -12V Brown +3.3V Brown (Small guage orange) SENSE Pink +5V Pink (smaller guage red) SENSE Yellow (small guage) +12V Green PSU ON Grey POWER ON SELF TEST purple +5V STANDBY
6. What are PCI slots and its uses?
A. PCI SLOTS: Peripheral Component Interconnect is an interconnection system between microprocessor and additionally connected devices. We can basically use PCI when we need to connect external hardware to the system. Mainly we use this slot for external hardware when we don’t contain the required card in our system or the present card is damaged. Example: NIC card, Video card, Audio Card, Tuner Card, Riser Card, Modem Card, Serial & Parallel Card etc.
7. What is AGP Slots or Graphic Slots and its uses?
A. A graphic card is a component of computer hardware that produces the image you see in the monitor. It is responsible for rendering an image to your monitor, it does this by converting data into a signal that your monitor can understand. This is important for gamers and video editors. It is also used for graphics processing units computating for other than graphics. Since they are essentially single instruction, multiple data engine larger than the typical CPU’s these days. 8. What is USB. Its types and Speed? A. USB: universal serial bus is an industry standard that was developed to define cables, connectors and protocols for connection, communication and power supply between computers and their peripheral devices. RELEASE RELEASE DATE MAX TRANSFER RATE DESCRIPTION NAME USB 1.0 Jan,1996 Full speed (12 Mbps) USB 1.1 Aug,1998 Full speed (12 Mbps) USB 2.0 Apr,2000 High speed (480 Mbps) USB 3.0 Nov,2008 Super speed (5 Gbps) USB 3.1 July,2013 Super speed (10 Gbps) USB 3.2 Sep,2017 Super speed plus (20Gbps)
9. What are requirements for Operating System?
A. WIDNOWS 7, 8,10: a. RAM : 2GB b. PROCESSOR : Intel Core i3 c. HDD : Atleast 4GB 10. How to make Bootable Pen Drive and Steps for it? A. Bootable pendrive means nothing but that which contains the operating system in it. Steps: ➢ Insert the pen drive into a computer ➢ Download the RUFUS software ➢ Install it and open it ➢ Download the required Operating System File (.ISO) ➢ Now open rufus and click on pendrive that you kept ➢ Now click on DVD icon and select the required IOS file ➢ Now the pendrive will be formatted and process will be done ➢ After completing, enter process correctly pendrive is ready to install Operating System.
11. What is the name of Bootable pen drive
software? A. The name of bootable pen drive software is RUFUS. 12. How to Shrink and Extensions the partitions & write steps also? A. Right click on “computer” select “manager” and then click “disk management” then storage folder to open windows and Disk Management. Right click on the volume which you want to shift and select “shrink volume” as below. In the pop-up windows enter the amount of space to shrink then you right click on it. You can only see “shrink volume” that allows you can to create a new partition.
13. How to configure MS Office outlook and write their steps?
A. Goto Google Install Microsoft windows 2007 free download with product key After download is completed Install it Open it Configuration: Click Microsoft outlook Tools Account Settings – New – Click next – Click checkbox Next Fill details POP3 Pop.gmail.com Smtp.gmail.com Enter your gmail username and password Click more settings Goto outgoing server click checkbox Advanced click check box
14. What are the Uses of BIOS?
A. BIOS – Basic Input Output System is the program of a personal computer microprocessor which is used to get the computer system started after you turn it on. It also manages the data flow between the computers operating system and attached devices such as the hard disc, video card, keyboard, mouse and printer. 15. Difference between PATA & SATA. A. PATA: Parallel Advanced Technology Attachment SATA: Serial Advanced Technology Attachment SATA PATA DATA TRANFER RATE SATA-1:150Mbps Upto 133Mbps SATA-II:300Mbps SUSTAINED THROUGH 55Mbps 52Mbps PUT CABLE PINS 7 40 CABLE LENGTH 40 inches 18 inches HOT PLUGGABLE Yes No
POWER CONSUPTION SATA PATA
READ/WRITE 1.6 2.2 IDLE 0.65 0.95 STAND BY / SLEEP 0.20 0.25 POWER CONNECT PINS 15 pins 4 pins JUMPER SITTING No Yes to Drive 0 or Drive 1
16. Different types of Monitors, Mouse, Keyboards?
A. TYPES OF MONITORS: 1. CRT (CATHODE RAY TUBE) 2. LCD (LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAY) 3. LED (LIGHT EMITTING DIODE) TYPES OF MOUSE: 1. Wireless mouse 2. GStick mouse 3. Optical mouse 4. Trackball mouse 5. Mechanical mouse / Ball mouse TYPES OF KEYBOARDS: 1. Multimedia keyboard 2. Internet keyboard 3. Membrane keyboard 4. Wireless keyboard 5. PS/2 keyboard 6. Mini PS/2 keyboard 17. What is North Bridge and South Bridge? A. NORTH BRIDGE; It is an integrated circuit responsible for communication between CPU interface, AGP and Memory. Unlike the southbridge, northbridge is directly connected to these components and acts like a bridge for the south bridge chip to communicate with CPU, RAM and Graphics Controller. It is a single chip which is present North of the PCI slot. However, early computers may have had up to three separate chips that makes up the north bridge. SOUTH BRIDGE: South Bridge is an intel chipset that manages the basic forms of Input/ Output devices such as USB, Serial, Audio, Integrated Drive electronics, industry standard architecture. South bridge is one of the two chipsets that are collectively called North Bridge/South Bridge.
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