Chapter 3, Solution 52

+
v0 2  i2 8
–
3A i2
VS +
– i1 i3

4 i3 + 2V 0
–

For mesh 1,

2(i 1 – i 2 ) + 4(i 1 – i 3 ) – 12 = 0 which leads to 3i 1 – i 2 – 2i 3 = 6 (1)

For the supermesh, 2(i 2 – i 1 ) + 8i 2 + 2v 0 + 4(i 3 – i 1 ) = 0

But v 0 = 2(i 1 – i 2 ) which leads to -i 1 + 3i 2 + 2i 3 = 0

(2)

For the independent current source, i 3 = 3 + i 2 (3)

Solving (1), (2), and (3), we obtain,

i 1 = 3.5 A, i 2 = -0.5 A, i 3 = 2.5 A.

Chapter 3, Solution 63

10  A

5
50 V +
– i1 i2

+
– 4i x

For the supermesh, -50 + 10i 1 + 5i 2 + 4i x = 0, but i x = i 1 . Hence,

50 = 14i 1 + 5i 2 (1)

At node A, i 1 + 3 + (v x /4) = i 2 , but v x = 2(i 1 – i 2 ), hence, i 1 + 2 = i 2 (2)

Solving (1) and (2) gives i 1 = 2.105 A and i 2 = 4.105 A

v x = 2(i 1 – i 2 ) = –4 volts and i x = i 2 – 2 = 2.105 amp

Chapter 3, Solution 64
i1 50  A i 2 10 
+ 
v0
i0

10  i2 + 4i 0
i1 –
i3 40 
250V +
–

5A
0.2V 0

i1 B i3

For mesh 2, 20i 2 – 10i 1 + 4i 0 = 0 (1)

But at node A, i o = i 1 – i 2 so that (1) becomes i 1 = (16/6)i 2

(2)

For the supermesh, –250 + 50i 1 + 10(i 1 – i 2 ) – 4i 0 + 40i 3 = 0

or 28i 1 – 3i 2 + 20i 3 = 125

(3)

At node B, i 3 + 0.2v 0 = 2 + i 1 (4)

But, v 0 = 10i 2 so that (4) becomes i 3 = 5 + (2/3)i 2 (5)

Solving (1) to (5), i 2 = 0.2941 A,

v 0 = 10i 2 = 2.941 volts, i 0 = i 1 – i 2 = (5/3)i 2 = 490.2mA.

Chapter 4, Solution 3.

3R

io
3R 3R +
+ 3R 1.5R
+ 1V
Vs R vo 


(b)
(a)

(a) We transform the Y sub-circuit to the equivalent  .

3R 2 3 3 3 3
R 3R   R, R  R  R
4R 4 4 4 2
vs
vo  independent of R
2
i o = v o /(R)

When v s = 1V, v o = 0.5V, i o = 0.5A

(b) When v s = 10V, v o = 5V, i o = 5A

(c) When v s = 10V and R = 10,
v o = 5V, i o = 10/(10) = 500mA
Chapter 4, Solution 11.

Let v o = v 1 + v 2 , where v 1 and v 2 are due to the 6-A and 80-V sources respectively. To
find v 1 , consider the circuit below.

I1 10  20 
va vb
+ V1 _

6A 40  4 i1

At node a,
va va  vb
6  
 240  5va  4vb (1)
40 10

At node b,
–I 1 – 4I 1 + (v b – 0)/20 = 0 or v b = 100I 1

va  vb
But i1  which leads to 100(v a –v b )10 = v b or v b = 0.9091v a (2)
10

Substituting (2) into (1),

5v a – 3.636v a = 240 or v a = 175.95 and v b = 159.96

However, v 1 = v a – v b = 15.99 V.

To find v 2 , consider the circuit below.

 io 10  20 
vc
 
+ v2 _

–
40  4 io 30 V
+

0  vc (30  vc )
 4io  0
50 20
(0  vc )
But io 
50

5vc (30  vc )
  0 
 vc  10 V
50 20
0  vc 0  10 1
i2   
50 50 5
v2  10i2  2 V

v o = v 1 + v 2 =15.99 + 2 = 17.99 V and i o = v o /10= 1.799 A.

Chapter 4, Solution 13.

Let vo  v1  v2  v 3 , where v 1 , v 2 , and v 3 are due to the independent sources. To

find v 1 , consider the circuit below.

8

+
2A 10  5
v1
_

10
v1  5 x x2  4.3478
10  8  5
To find v 2 , consider the circuit below.
4A

8

+
5 v2
10 
_

8
v2  5 x x4  6.9565
8  10  5
To find v 3 , consider the circuit below.
 12 V
8
+ –

+
10  5
v3
_

 5 
v3  12    2.6087
 5  10  8 

vo  v1  v2  v 3  8.6956 V =8.696V.
Chapter 4, Solution 15.

Let i = i 1 + i 2 + i 3 , where i 1 , i 2 , and i 3 are due to the 20-V, 2-A, and 16-V sources.
For i 1 , consider the circuit below.

io

+
20V 1

i1 4
2 3

4||(3 + 1) = 2 ohms, Then i o = [20/(2 + 2)] = 5 A, i 1 = i o /2 = 2.5 A

For i 3 , consider the circuit below.

+
1 4
2 i3
vo’
 16V
3 +


2||(1 + 3) = 4/3, v o ’ = [(4/3)/((4/3) + 4)](-16) = -4

i 3 = v o ’/4 = -1

For i 2 , consider the circuit below.

1 2A 1 2A
2 (4/3)

i2 4 i2
3 3

2||4 = 4/3, 3 + 4/3 = 13/3

Using the current division principle.

i 2 = [1/(1 + 13/2)]2 = 3/8 = 0.375

i = 2.5 + 0.375 - 1 = 1.875 A

p = i2R = (1.875)23 = 10.55 watts

Chapter 4, Solution 26.

Transforming the current sources gives the circuit below.

15 V
2 5 io 4
– +

+ +
12 V _ _ 20 V

–12 + 11i o –15 +20 = 0 or 11i o = 7 or i o = 636.4 mA.

Chapter 4, Solution 30

Transform the dependent current source as shown below.

ix 24  60  10 

+ +
12V 30  7i x
- -

Combine the 60-ohm with the 10-ohm and transform the dependent source as shown
below.

ix 24 

+
12V 30  70  0.1i x
-

Combining 30-ohm and 70-ohm gives 30//70 = 70x30/100 = 21-ohm. Transform the
dependent current source as shown below.
ix 24  21 

+ +
12V 2.1i x
- -

Applying KVL to the loop gives

12
45i x  12  2.1i x  0 
 ix  = 254.8 mA.
47.1