NANO AND BIOMATERIALS

Group 6: REYES, RICAFORT, RIOLA, RODRIGUEZ, SALCEDO

BIOMATERIALS
BIOMATERIALS
Biomaterial is a material intended to interface with biological
systems to evaluate, treat, augment, or replace any tissue,
organ, or function of the body.
TYPES OF BIOMATERIALS
• Metallic Biomaterials
• Polymeric Biomaterials
• Ceramic Biomaterials
• Natural Biomaterials
METALLIC BIOMATERIALS
Metals are extensively used as materials for biomedical
implants, devices, and surgical tools. In general, metals used
for biomedical applications should exhibit the following
properties:
General characteristics:
High strength and durability
Biocompatibility (minimal adverse reaction with body tissues)
Corrosion resistance in bodily fluids
Good wear resistance
Ease of fabrication and sterilization
COMMON METALLIC BIOMATERIALS
Titanium and its alloys
Properties:
• light weight
• excellent corrosion resistance; and
• enhanced biocompatibility

Stainless steel Properties:

Austenitic stainless steels possess
excellent cryogenic properties, high
temperature strength, oxidation
resistance, and formability
 COMMON METALLIC BIOMATERIALS
Cobalt Nickel Alloys
Properties:
These alloys possess superior
mechanical properties with high
resistance to corrosion, wear, and

Tantalum
fatigue

Properties:
excellent corrosion resistance and
biocompatibility because of a stable
surface oxide layer
APPLICATIONS OF METALLIC
BIOMATERIALS
Dental implants
• Small titanium fixture that serves as
the replacement for the root portion
of a missing natural tooth.

• Implant is placed in the bone of the

upper or lower jaw and allowed to
bond with the bone
APPLICATIONS OF METALLIC
BIOMATERIALS
Orthopedic implants
Orthopedic implants are medical devices used
to replace or support damaged bones or joints.
They’re commonly used in procedures like
fracture repair, joint replacement (like hip or
knee replacements), and spinal surgery.
POLYMERIC BIOMATERIALS
are natural or synthetic polymers used in medical applications
to support, repair, or replace biological tissues.
Properties:
Biocompatibility - Does not provoke an immune response.
Biodegradability - Breaks down safely in the body.
Mechanical properties - Tunable to match tissue strength.
Processability - Can be formed into various shapes (e.g.,
films, fibers, scaffolds).
TYPES OF POLYMERIC BIOMATERIALS
1.Natural Polymers
Collagen
A protein naturally found in skin, bones, and tissues.
It helps give structure and strength to body parts.
Used for wound healing, skin repair, and tissue scaffolds.
Chitosan
Meaning: Made from shells of crabs and shrimp.
Explanation: It’s biodegradable and fights bacteria.
Uses: Used in wound dressings, drug delivery, and water purification.
TYPES OF POLYMERIC BIOMATERIALS
2. Synthetic Polymers

Polylactic Acid (PLA)

A plastic made from corn or sugarcane.
Biodegrades slowly and safely inside the body.
Used for sutures (stitches), drug delivery, and implants.

Polyglycolic Acid (PGA)

A fast-degrading synthetic polymer.
Breaks down quickly inside the body into safe products.
Used in dissolvable stitches and tissue engineering.
APPLICATIONS OF POLYMERIC BIOMATERIALS
Contact lens
•Corrective lens placed in the
cornea of the eye
•Made of pliable hydrophilic
plastics called hydrogels
Vascular grafts
It must be flexible, good structure
retention, adequate burst length,
high fatigue resistance, good
handling properties and biostable
APPLICATIONS OF POLYMERIC BIOMATERIALS
Wound dressing
a material applied directly to a
wound to protect it, prevent
infection, and promote healing

Soft tissue prosthetics

artificial replacements for
missing or damaged soft tissues
like skin, cartilage, and muscle
CERAMIC BIOMATERIALS
Ceramic biomaterials are also known as bioceramics inorganic,
non-metallic materials used in medicine, especially for bone
repair, dental implants, and coatings on metal implants. They
are known for their biocompatibility, hardness, and wear
resistance.
Properties:
Biocompatible - Safe to use in the body, minimal immune
response.
Bioinert/Bioactive - Some ceramics bond to bone, others
remain inert
Brittle - Strong under compression, but can fracture easily
Non-degradable (or slow degradation) - Useful in
permanent implants
TYPES OF CERAMIC BIOMATERIALS
Alumina (Aluminum Oxide)
Properties:
-Bioinert (doesn’t react with body tissues)
-Extremely hard and wear-resistant
-Chemically stable

Zirconia
Properties:
-Bioinert but with better fracture toughness than
alumina
-White, aesthetic, and very strong
-Can undergo phase transformation toughening
(makes it less brittle)
APPLICATION OF CERAMIC BIOMATERIALS

Application Area Ceramic Use

Hip/knee prostheses, bone grafts, implant

Orthopedics
coatings

Dentistry Dental crowns, bridges, fillings, implants

Spinal surgery Vertebral spacers, bone void fillers

APPLICATION OF CERAMIC BIOMATERIALS

Hip/knee prostheses Dental crowns, bridges,

fillings, implants

Vertebral spacers
NATURAL BIOMATERIALS
Natural biomaterials are materials derived from biological
sources (plants, animals, or humans) and used in medical or
biological applications. They mimic the natural extracellular
matrix (ECM) and are often biocompatible, biodegradable, and
support cell attachment and growth.
Properties:
Biocompatible - Safe to use in the body, minimal immune
response.
Bioinert/Bioactive - Some ceramics bond to bone, others
remain inert
Brittle - Strong under compression, but can fracture easily
Non-degradable (or slow degradation) - Useful in
permanent implants
TYPES AND APPLICATION OF NATURAL
BIOMATERIALS
Collagen
-from animal connective tissue
- a natural biomaterial, a protein primarily
found in the extracellular matrix of
connective tissues like skin, bones, and
tendons.
Common Uses:
Tissue engineering scaffolds
Wound dressings
Bone grafts
Cosmetic fillers
TYPES AND APPLICATION OF NATURAL
BIOMATERIALS
Chitosan
is a biodegradable polysaccharide derived
from chitin, which is found in the
exoskeletons of crustaceans (like shrimp,
crab, and lobster).
Common Use:
1. Wound Healing
Accelerates healing, reduces infection
risk
2. Drug Delivery
Can encapsulate drugs, protecting
them from degradation
NANOMATERIALS
NANOMATERIALS
are materials where the sizes of the
individual building blocks are less than 100
nm, at least in one dimension.
Nanomaterials have properties that depend
inherently on the small grain size
TYPES OF NANOMATERIALS
Carbon-based materials
These include fullerenes, carbon
nanotubes, and graphene, known
for their exceptional strength and
electrical conductivity.
Metal-based materials
Comprising nanoparticles of metals
like gold, silver, and platinum, these
materials often exhibit unique optical
and catalytic properties.
TYPES OF NANOMATERIALS
Dendrimers
These are branched macromolecules
that can be engineered for specific
functions, often used in drug delivery
systems.
Composites
These materials combine different
types of nanomaterials to enhance
properties such as strength, durability,
and thermal stability.
PROPERTIES OF NANOMATERIALS
Magnetic properties
possible that non ferromagnetic bulk materials exhibit
ferromagnetic like behavior when prepared in the nano
range
can be superparamagnetic, making them useful in
various applications, including data storage.
Optical properties
nanomaterials depend on factors like size, shape, surface
features, doping, and interactions with the environment or
nearby structures
can exhibit quantum effects, leading to unique optical
behaviors such as fluorescence and color changes.
PROPERTIES OF NANOMATERIALS
Physical properties
Nanomaterials often have increased
surface area, leading to enhanced
reactivity and strength.

Electrical properties
Many nanomaterials exhibit unique
electrical characteristics, such as
conductivity and semiconducting
behavior.
APPLICATION OF NANOMATERIALS
Medicine
Targeted Drug Delivery
Nanoparticles can be engineered to deliver
drugs directly to specific cells, minimizing
side effects and improving treatment
efficacy.
Imaging and Diagnostics
Nanomaterials enhance imaging
techniques, such as MRI and CT
scans, providing clearer images for
better diagnosis.
APPLICATION OF NANOMATERIALS
Electronics
Transistors and Chips
Nanotechnology enables the production of
smaller, faster, and more efficient
transistors, leading to advancements in
computer processors and memory storage.
Displays
Nanomaterials are used in the
development of high-resolution
displays, such as OLEDs, improving
color accuracy and energy efficiency.
APPLICATION OF NANOMATERIALS
Energy
Solar Cells
Nanomaterials enhance the efficiency of
solar panels by improving light absorption
and charge transport, leading to more
effective energy conversion.
Batteries
Nanotechnology is applied in battery
technology to increase energy density
and reduce charging times,
contributing to the development of
longer-lasting batteries.
APPLICATION OF NANOMATERIALS
Energy
Water Purification
Nanomaterials are utilized in filtration
systems to remove contaminants and
pathogens from water, making it safer for
consumption.
Pollution Control
Nanotechnology aids in the
development of materials that can
capture and neutralize pollutants in air
and water, contributing to cleaner
environments.