DESIGN OF PIPE CULVERT@ 8.

198 ON LIFT CANAL OF RMC OF SKKYR PROJECT

Hydraulic Particulars of Minor Canal

S.No. Description Unit Particulars
Details of Canal
1 Discharge (R) cum 0.438
Discharge (D) cum 0.438
2 Bed width (B) m 2.50
3 Full supply depth (D) m 0.50
4 Free Board m 0.45
5 Side slopes Inner 1.5 :1
6 Side slopes outer 2 :1
7 Velocity m/sec 0.27
8 Bed fall 1 in 6000
9 Rugosity coefficent (n) 0.0225
10 Top width of banks(L/R) m 1.5/5.0
11 CBL m 97.638
12 FSL m 98.138
13 TBL m 98.588
14 Ground level m 99.200
15 Type of Soils GRAVELLY SOIL
Details of Road
1 Width of Existing Road m 7.500
2 Road level proposed m 99.200

I Design of vent way:

Normal area of Canal= (B+nD)*D
= 1.625 m2
Velocity in the canal = 0.27 m/sec
Assume velocity in the pipe twice the velocity in the canal
= 0.54 m/sec
Area required for pipe = Q/V
= 0.81111 m2

Adopt 1.0 m dia NP3 class for the above case.

Area of one pipe = 0.785 m2
No. of pipes required = 1.03 nos
say 2.00 nos

Particulars of pipe from I.S. 458-1988

II Particulars of pipe from I.S. 458-2003

S.No. Description unit Particulars

1 Diameter (d) m 1
2 Length of pipe m 2.5
3 Thickness of pipe m 0.085
4 Minimum caulking space m 0.019
6 Length of collar m 0
7 The sides of trench m 0.15
8 Earth cushion above pipe m 0.6
9 Height of parapet m 0.45
10 Width of parapet m 0.45
11 Th. Of lining m 0.100

Since FSD is different from Dia metre of the Pipe

Calculated the area by using
a = n Ca d2
Where a = area provided
Ca = Constant value from the table
d = Diameter of Pipe
D = Max. Depths of flow in the Drain
n = no.of pipes

D/d = 0.50 = 0.500

1
from the table
Ca = 0.443
Area of flow(a) = n X Ca x d2 2
= 2.00 x 0.443 x 1
= 0.886 sqm

Velocity through the pipe = 0.438 = 0.49 m/sec

0.886

Twice the normal Velocity = 0.540 m/sec

Velocity through the pipe almost equal to twice the normal velocity in canal.
Hence O.K.
Note :-The afflux at the structure due to constriction of water way will be approximately V2/2g .
which will be less and that afflux will not effect.

III Scour depth Calculations

Upstream and Downstream:

Discharge ( Q ) = 0.438 cumecs.

Bed Width ( L ) = 2.500 mts.
F.S.L. = + 98.138
f ( silt factor ) = 4.75
Canal Bed level = 97.638
Discharge per m. Width ( q )= Q/L
= 0.175 cumecs / mt.
Scour depth ( R ) = 1.35 * ( q² / f ) ^ 0.33
0.256 mts.
Max. Scour Depth = 1.5 * R
=
= 0.384 m
Max. Scour Level = 98.138 - 0.384
= 97.754
Since the canal is designed for non-silting and non-scouring velocities, no cut off is proposed.
How ever the bottom level of foundation is proposed below 97.750
IV Fixation of Levels
Sill level of pipe = CBL of canal
provide sill level of pipe = 97.638
Pipe top level = 98.723
Pipe bottom level = 97.553
Bottom level of craddle under pipe = 97.353

Road level = Sill Level of Pipe+ Internal dia. Of pipe + Thk of pipe + cushion +Thk of Wearing coat

Min. road level required = 97.638 + 1 + 0.085 + 0.6

= 99.323
G.L = 99.200

Hence proposed R.L = 99.323

Assume edges = 150 mm

Depth of fill material above the top of pipe, H =

99.200 - 98.723 = 0.477 m
Or say = 0.500

V Headwall details:
Top level of headwall = 99.200
Foundation top level of headwall = 97.638 - 0.085 - 0.2
= 97.353
Foundation bottom level as per scour calculations = 97.750
Propose Foundation Top level = 97.353
Foundation Thickness = 0.6 m
Bottom level of Foundation = 97.353 - 0.6
= 96.753
Height of head wall = 99.200 - 97.353
= 1.847 m
Length of Head wall = 2.50 + 99.200 - 97.638 x 3
+ 2 x 0.6
= 8.386 m
Say 8.4 m
Foundation Offset = 0.3 m
Headwall Foundation Length = 9 m
Height of kerb on headwall = 0.45 m
Width of kerb = 0.3 m

VI No.of pipe required

Totalwidth of road = 7.500 m
Total Width of road = top width of U/s headwall+ Carriageway width of Road + Top width of D/S headwall
Pipe Length = 2.5 m
No. of pipes in each row = 3 no.s

Vii Protection works:

i) 100 mm thick lining for the canal bed and sides for a length of 5 m on U/S and D/S
of the canal to resist scouring action.
ii) Profilewall of 450 mm wide on U/S and D/S side of canal.
VIII Details of Cradle bedding:

Internal diameter of the pipe ( d ) = 1000 mm = 1m

Thickness of pipe ( t ) = 85 mm = 0.085 m
External diameter of pipe (ED ) = 1170 mm = 1.17 m
As per IS 783-1985,
i) Minimum bedding is 1/4 th of pipe diametre. = d/4
= 250 mm
say 250 mm or 0.250 m
ii ) Pipe side bedding = D/4
( 1/6 to 1/4 of ext. diametre Of pipe ) = 292.5 mm
say 300 mm or 0.3 m

Offsets on either side of pipes = 0.15 m

of pipes is proposed as

Width of craddle bedding B = 1 + ( 2 x 0.085 ) + 2 x 0.15

= 1.47 m For Two rows = 2.94

98.723

97.853
0.3 m
97.553
0.25 m
97.303 2.94 m
IX Design of Head Wall with 1.2 LL Surcharge ( as per new IRC 6 - 2003 )

1 Road level = 99.323 m

2 Foundation Top Level = 97.353 m
3 Ht of parapet = 0.450 m 0.45
4 Base width for w1 = 0.45 m 99.773
5 Base width for w2 = 0.75 m 0.450
6 Base width for w3 = 1.1 m w1 99.323
7 Thickness of Found = 0.6 m
8 Foundn offset = 0.3 m 0.75
9 Kv = 0.0395 h w4
10 Kh = 0.1584 1.97 w5
11 Unit wt of Conc = 2.4 t w3 w2
12 Unit wt. of soil = 2.1 t A 97.353
0.6 w6
B 1.85 96.753

2.45
Taking Moments about 'A'

Sno Force Details Mag L.A Moment

1 w1 1 x 0.45 x 0.450 x 2.4 0.486 1.63 0.790

2 w2 1 x 0.75 x 1.97 x 2.4 3.546 1.48 5.230

3 w3 0.5 x 1.1 x 1.97 x 2.4 2.600 0.73 1.907

4 w4 0.5 x 1.1 x 1.97 x 2.1 2.275 0.37 0.834

5 Pv 0.0395 X ( 10.0489 - 1.44 ) x 2.1 0.714

9.622

6 Ph 0.1584 X ( 10.0489 - 1.44 ) x 2.1 2.864 0.79 2.257

11.018

Lever arm of resultant = 11.018 / 9.622 = 1.145 m

Base width (b) = 1.85 m
Eccentricity (e) = 1.145 - 1.85 / 2 = 0.22 m
b/6 = 1.85 / 6 = 0.308 m

Stress P = 9.622 x 1 + 6 x 0.22

1.85 1.85

P max = 5.201 x 1.71382 = 8.914 t/sq.m

P min = 5.201 x 0.286 = 1.488 t/sq.m

Takining Moments about "B"

Sno Force Details Mag LA Moment

1 w1 1 x 0.45 x 0.450 x 2.4 0.486 1.93 0.936

2 w2 1 x 0.75 x 1.97 x 2.4 3.546 1.78 6.294

3 w3 0.5 x 1.1 x 1.97 x 2.4 2.600 1.03 2.687

4 w4 0.5 x 1.1 x 1.97 x 2.1 2.275 0.67 1.517

5 w5 1 x 0.3 x 1.97 x 2.1 1.241 0.15 0.186

6 w6 1 x 2.45 x 0.6 x 2.4 3.528 1.23 4.322

7 Pv 0.0395 X ( 14.213 - 1.44 ) x 2.1 1.060

14.736

8 Ph 0.1584 X ( 14.213 - 1.44 ) x 2.1 4.249 1.03 4.368

20.309

Lever Arm of resultant = 20.309 / 14.74 = 1.38 m

Base width (b) = 2.45 m
Eccentricity (e) = 1.378 - 2.45 x 0.5
= 0.153 m
b/6 = 0.408 m

Stress P = 14.74 x 1 + 6 x 0.15

2.45 2.45

P max = 6.01484 x 1.37514 = 8.271 t/sq.m

P min = 6.01484 x 0.625 = 3.758 t/sq.m

 X CALCULATION OF REQUIRED CLASS OF PIPE

Calculations for load on pipe:-

AVG G.L + 99.200 Road level
0.477
98.723
Pipe th.= 0.085

150 caulking space= 0.019

300 150
Coller thickness= 0.085
Length of the collar= 0.200
sill level 97.638

97.553

11.4 t
IS : 783 - 1985
Calculation of the required class of a 1000 mm dia. concrete pipe, 500 500
laid under trench conditions with the addition of a concentrated superim-
posed live load, given the following data: 500 500
External diameter of pipe ED = 1170 mm 1500
Wall thickness ( assumed ), t = 85 mm Load per meter width
Width of trench ( assumed ), B= 1170 + 300 = 1470 mm 1.07
say 1.1
Unit weight of fill material ( wet clay ), w = 21 kN/m3
Bedding and foundation material = Type B, earth
Depth of fill material above top of pipe, H = 500 mm
Concentrated load on surface of fill material, P = 76 kN (class A loading)
Impact factor α = 1.1
Length of a single pipe = 2.5 m
Width of concentrated load in direction of the pipe, S = 500 mm
Calculation
a) Load due to fill material, We, is calculated from the formula
W, = CtwB”. The value of C’t is from Fig. 4 of IS 783-1985
using curve c and the ratio
H = 0.5 = 0.3401
B 1.47

Hence We = 0.38 x 21 x 1.47 ^ 2 = 17.244 kN/m

The load factor, Ft = 2.2 (As per para B. 2.3)
Hence the required minimum test load for the pipe to provide for
the earth load = = W = 17.244 = 7.8382 kN/m
F 2.2
b) Load due to superimposed load, Wc, is calculated from the formula
Wc = Cp Pα / l . The value of Cp is from Fig 3. of IS 783-1985
The length of pipe, I, asumed to be supporting the concentrated
load is calculated from the formula:,
I= 1.15H + 2D + S =
1.15 x 0.5 + 2x 1.17 + 0.5 = 3.415 m

Then l = 3.415 = 3.415

2H 2x 0.5

and D = 1.17 = 1.17

D 2H 2x 0.5

The value Cp = 0.82 is obtained from Fig. 3. Therefore, the vertical

load, We, on the pipe due to the superimposed load
= 0.82 x 76 x 1.1 = 20.074 kN/m
3.415
The load factor, Ft= 2.2
Hence, the required minimum test load for the pipe to provide for the
live load = 20.07 = 9.1245 kN/m
2.2
The total required minimum test load
= 7.838 + 9.12445 = 16.963 kN/m

It follows from table 3 of IS : 458-1971* that 1000 mm diameter NP3

class pipe with a 0.25 mm cracking load of 26.0871 kN/m will be suitable.
 DRAWING OF PIPE CULVERT

7.50 Head wall in cc-M-15

0.45 6.60 0.45 99.773
0.45 + 99.323

Earth
1.97 1000
F NP3 class pipe

Canal flow
C.B.L + 97.638
0.6 97.353
1.85 96.753 Founation concrete
2.45 in cc-M-15
SECTION

450 mm wide profile wall

A T.B.L 98.588 0.45 A

1.5:1 1.5:1
2.94
C.B.L 2.5 Canal flow
9.00 8.40
1.5:1 1.5:1

T.B.L

1.85 2.45

PLAN
RELATION BETWEEN AREA OF CIRCULAR PIPE AND D/d RATIO

Depth of water /Diameter of the PIPE = D/d

D/d 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09

0.0 0.0000 0.0013 0.0037 0.0069 0.0105 0.0147 0.0192 0.0242 0.0294 0.0350

0.1 0.0409 0.0470 0.0534 0.0600 0.0668 0.0739 0.0811 0.0885 0.0961 0.1039

0.2 0.1118 0.1199 0.1281 0.1365 0.1449 0.1535 0.1623 0.1711 0.1800 0.1890

0.3 0.1982 0.2074 0.2167 0.2260 0.2355 0.2450 0.2546 0.2642 0.2739 0.2836

0.4 0.2934 0.3032 0.3130 0.3229 0.3328 0.3428 0.3527 0.3627 0.3727 0.3827

0.5 0.3930 0.4030 0.4130 0.4230 0.4330 0.4430 0.4530 0.4620 0.4720 0.4820

0.6 0.4920 0.5020 0.5120 0.5210 0.5310 0.5400 0.5500 0.5590 0.5690 0.5780

0.7 0.5870 0.5960 0.6050 0.6140 0.6230 0.6320 0.6400 0.6490 0.6570 0.6660

0.8 0.6740 0.6810 0.6890 0.6970 0.7040 0.7120 0.7190 0.7250 0.7320 0.7380

0.9 0.7450 0.7500 0.7560 0.7610 0.7660 0.7750 0.7750 0.7790 0.7820 0.7840