Abbreviation and Functions:

1. CPU - Central Processing Unit

2. HDD - Hard Disk Drive
3. SATA – Serial Advanced Technology Attachment
4. PSU – Power Supply Unit
5. RAM – Random Access Memory
6. ROM – Read Only Memory
7. PCI - Peripheral Component Interconnect
8. PCIE - Peripheral Component Interconnect Express
9. AVR - Automatic Voltage Regulator
10. UPS - Uninterruptible Power Supply
11. VGA – Video Graphics Accelerator
12. USB - Universal Serial Bus
13. BIOS - Basic Input/Output System
14. BSOD – Blue Screen Of Death
15. UTP - unshielded twisted pair
16. LAN – Local Area Network
17. WAN – Wide Area Network
18. P2P - peer-to-peer
19. IP – Internet Protocol
20. WWW – World Wide Web
21. WAP – Wireless Access Point
22. PC – Personal Computer
23. DCHP - Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
24. GPO – Group Policy Object
25. DNS – Domain Name Server
Parts of Computer Systems and Functions

1. CPU (Central Processing Unit) – Brain of the Computer, A hardware that

interprets\process instructions from a computer programs
2. Motherboard – Logical Foundation of a Computer, The motherboard offers the
connections that help all the components of a computer work together.
3. RAM (Random Access Memory) – Temporary storage of a computer, Saves data
temporarily while working and processing on a computer.
4. Video Card – A hardware that allows computer to load images quickly.
5. HDD (Hard Disk Drive) – The Permanent Storage of a computer, All data, files, programs
is Permanently save in the HDD.
6. CD ROM – Allows computer to read or record from CD or DVD.
7. Power Supply Unit – A hardware that distributes power supply for the internal
components of a computer.

Parts of Motherboards and their functions

1. Back Panel Connectors - is the portion of the motherboard that allows you to connect
external devices such as your monitor, speakers, keyboard, and mouse.

2. PCI Slots – Was used to attach PCI Components to a computer.

3. PCIe Slots – Was used to attach PCIe types of Video Card.

4. CPU Sockets – is what allows CPU to be inserted into motherboard

5. RAM slots - is what allows computer memory (RAM) to be inserted into the
motherboard.
6. SATA Bus - is what allows SATA Cable to be inserted into motherboard.

7. Main Power Connector - is what allows Power Supply Unit to be inserted into
motherboard.
Definitions of Terms:

1. Operating Systems – is General software that manages computer hardware. Example:

Windows 7, MAC OS, Linux.
2. AVR - Short for Automatic Voltage Regulator, AVR is a hardware device used to maintain
a voltage to electronic devices.
3. UPS - (Uninterruptible Power Supply) A device that provides battery backup when the
electrical power fails or drops to an unacceptable voltage level.
4. VGA Cable – Cable that connects motherboard video port to computer Monitor.
5. Power Cable - connects a computer to a power source, usually a cable from AVR to
Computer.
6. Device Drivers - A device driver is a program that controls a particular type of device
that is attached to your computer. Example. Printer Driver, LAN Driver, Video Driver
7. Partition - a partition is a logical division of a hard disk created so that you can have
different Local Drives in the same Hard Disk.
8. Computer electronic device that can be programmed to carry out a set of arithmetic or
logical operations automatically.
9. Hardware - Computer hardware is the collection of physical parts of a computer system.
Example: Motherboard, Hard Disk Drive, Etc.
10. Software - Computer software or simply software is any set of instructions that directs
a computer to perform specific operations. Example: Office Applications, Antivirus etc.
11. BIOS - is a type of firmware used to perform hardware initialization during the booting
process
12. Boot Sequence - specifies in which order those devices should be read by a computer
first.
13. Anti-Virus - Antivirus (anti-virus) software is a class of program that will prevent, detect
and remediate malware infections on individual computing devices and IT systems.
Example: AVAST, ESET, AVG, Microsoft Security Essentials
14. UTP Cable - a popular type of cable that consists of 8 wires twisted around each other
used in computer communicatons.
15. Network Switch - network switch is a computer networking device that connects
Computer together on a network.
16. Router – is a computer networking device for wireless connection.
17. Patch Panel - is a device or unit featuring a number of jacks, Patch panels are commonly
used in computer networking, recording studios, radio and television.
18. Wireless - A wireless network is any type of computer network that uses wireless data
connections
19. Crossover Cable – is used to connect PC to another PC.
20. Straight Through Cable - is used in local area networks to connect a computer to a
network hub and other networking devices.
21. Peer to Peer Network is when two or more PCs are connected and share resources
without going through a separate server computer.
22. Ping - is a computer network administration software utility used to test the reachability
of another computer through its Internet Protocol (IP).
23. IPConfig - is a console application that displays all current TCP/IP network configuration.
24. I.P Address - is a numerical label assigned to each device (e.g., computer, printer)
participating in a computer network.
25. File Sharing – is a process of sharing a file over the network to be access by other
computer.
26. Printer Sharing - Printer sharing is the process of allowing multiple computers and
devices connected to the same network to access one or more printers.
27. LAN - A local area network (LAN) is a computer network that interconnects computers
within a limited area such as a residence, school, laboratory, or office building.

28. Active Directory Users and Computers - An administrative tool designed to Directory
administration tasks. These objects include organizational units, users, contacts, groups,
computers, printers, and shared file objects.

29. Client - Any computer or program connecting to, or requesting the services of, another
computer or program.

30. DHCP server - A computer running the Microsoft DHCP service that offers dynamic
configuration or scope of I.P Address that will automatically assign to client.

31. computer administrator - A user who manages a computer.

32. domain name - The name given by an administrator to a collection of networked
computers that share a common directory.

33. organizational unit - An Active Directory container object like users used within
domains.

34. Scope - A range of IP addresses that are available to be leased or assigned to DHCP
clients by the DHCP service.
35. Server - In general, a computer that provides shared resources to network users.
36. User - A person who uses a computer.
Troubleshooting

1. What is BSOD? What is the common cause of this problem?

Answer: Blue Screen of Death. This is cause by a hardware failure such as RAM, HDD.

2. What maybe the causes why computer displays black screen but the power indicator is
on? How to solve it?
Answer: The possible cause is your RAM. Remove your RAM from RAM slot and put it
again make sure that it’s properly placed and lock.

3. If RAM is not the cause, what maybe another cause?

Answer: It can be also cause of another hardware failure like Video Card, CPU,
Motherboard or power supply. Try to replace 1 hardware at a time and try again.
4. What maybe the cause why computer won’t turns on? How will you troubleshoot it?
Answer: First, check power source such as AVR, Outlet and Power cord if properly
connected or working.
If working, Test your Power Supply or check if Power Switch and Main Power
Connector is Attached Properly.
5. After assembling your computer, What maybe the cause why computer failed to detect
the Hard Disk Drive? How to solve it?
Answer: Maybe your HDD power connector or SATA cable is not connected properly.
Open computer and unplug power HDD Power Connector and SATA cable then connect
Attached it again properly.

6. During OS installation, Installation process stops and appears an error file corrupt or
missing. What would you do?
Answer: If you are using CD installer replace your CD installer or your CDROM. If using
USB as installer tries to transfer your USB in other USB port then retry installation. If still
error, change your USB installer. If problems still continue, try to check or replace your
hard disk drive.
7. During establishing a connection, ping failed to transmit. What maybe the cause of the
problem and how to solve it?
Answer: Cable, I.P Address, Firewall. Make sure that cables are properly attached.
Double check your I.P address make sure that both computer are using the same
standard of I.P address then make sure that firewall is turn off in both computer.
8. During File sharing, when trying to access a shared folder computer is asking for a
username and password. What may be the cause and how to solve it?
Answer: Password protected sharing is on. From your file server go to network
properties and turn off password protected sharing.
9. How would you protect your computer from viruses and malwares?
Answer: install Antivirus software and schedule a scan for your computer.
10. How would you protect your computer from overheating?
Answer: Provide a computer proper ventilation and Schedule a hardware cleaning and
removing dust from computer fans.