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Problem Statement

The policy paper outlines the energy crisis in Pakistan, highlighting the country's reliance on costly fossil fuels and the underutilization of its hydropower potential. It identifies key challenges such as outdated infrastructure and regulatory inefficiencies, and proposes a mixed research methodology to inform policy recommendations. The paper aims to explore how hydropower can be better integrated into Pakistan's energy mix to promote sustainability and reliability.

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Sameer Bin Sadaqat
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12 views3 pages

Problem Statement

The policy paper outlines the energy crisis in Pakistan, highlighting the country's reliance on costly fossil fuels and the underutilization of its hydropower potential. It identifies key challenges such as outdated infrastructure and regulatory inefficiencies, and proposes a mixed research methodology to inform policy recommendations. The paper aims to explore how hydropower can be better integrated into Pakistan's energy mix to promote sustainability and reliability.

Uploaded by

Sameer Bin Sadaqat
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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National Institute of Public Administration, Islamabad

Submitted by: Mr. Muhammad Owais


Service Group: MOD/ NHQ
Sponsor DS/ADS: …
Date: 25.04.2025

Policy Paper Outline

Topic: ENERGY CRISIS IN PAKISTAN; ISSUES AND WAY FORWARD

The energy crisis in Pakistan is a multi-dimensional issue, deeply intertwined with


the country’s economic growth, societal development, and environmental
sustainability. The primary issue is the persistent energy deficit, exacerbated by the
over-reliance on non-renewable energy sources such as fossil fuels, which are
costly, environmentally damaging, and increasingly scarce. Despite Pakistan’s
abundant renewable resources, particularly hydropower, these resources have not
been fully exploited. This paper explores the potential for hydropower to address
Pakistan’s energy challenges, with a focus on overcoming the barriers to its
development and suggesting key policy interventions to enhance its role in the
country’s energy mix.

Statement of the Problem

Pakistan is currently facing an acute energy crisis characterized by significant


power shortages, reliance on costly and polluting fossil fuels, and an inefficient
energy sector. Despite having considerable hydropower potential, the country
remains heavily dependent on thermal power plants, which are both expensive and
environmentally harmful. According to the Pakistan Energy Yearbook (2023),
thermal power accounts for 59% of the country’s total energy production, while
hydropower contributes only 25%. This situation is compounded by outdated
infrastructure, financial mismanagement, regulatory inefficiencies, and a lack of
coordination between government agencies.

There is a need to address these challenges, Pakistan can harness its vast
hydropower potential and move toward a more sustainable and reliable energy
future.

Research Methodology

This policy paper will adopt a mixed research approach. The methodology will include:

i. Document/Data Analysis:

A review of documents, reports, and official publications will be conducted to examine


the historical context and current situation analysis.

ii. Stakeholder Interviews:

Some interviews will be conducted with officials from Ministry of Energy stakeholders

iii. Literature Review:

The research will build upon the International best practices.

Analysis and Findings:

The role of following and other relevant departments will be analyzed.

a. Ministry of Energy
b. National Energy Efficiency and Conservation Authority (NEECA)
c. Water & Power Development Authority (WAPDA)
d. National Electric Power Regulatory Authority (NEPRA)

Issues and Challenges:

In the first instant, the challenges regarding demand and supply of clearly viz-a-viz
stakeholder will be highlighted. After that, questionnaires will be prepared to get insights
of the officials of relevant Ministry/Organizations which would then inform the policy
recommendations for a successful policy program.

Policy Recommendations:
Working Bibliography

 Alternative Energy Development Board. (2024). Renewable energy integration


report. https://www.aedb.org

 Business Recorder. (2024, June). Surge in capacity drives up electricity


production cost.

 Finance Division, Government of Pakistan. (2024). Pakistan economic survey


2023-24: Energy chapter. https://finance.gov.pk/survey/chapter_24/14_energy.pdf

 Ministry of Energy (Power Division), Government of Pakistan. (2023). Annual


performance report. https://www.mowp.gov.pk

 National Electric Power Regulatory Authority. (2024). State of industry report


2023-24. https://nepra.org.pk/publications

 Natel Energy. (2024). Fish-safe turbines case study.

 Our World in Data. (2024). Pakistan energy profile.


https://ourworldindata.org/energy

 Planning Commission, Government of Pakistan. (2021). Pakistan energy outlook


2021–2030. https://www.pc.gov.pk/uploads/report/

 Siddiqui, R. (2023). Renewable energy transition in South Asia: Opportunities


and challenges for Pakistan. The Pakistan Development Review, 62(1), 103–120.
https://doi.org/10.30541/v62i1pp.103-120

 Stanford University. (2024). Hydroelectricity in Pakistan: Policy paper.

 SDPI. (2024). Hydropower engineering assessments and community projects.

*****

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