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Simplified ML Algorithms

The document outlines simplified algorithms for various machine learning techniques, including Candidate-Elimination, ID3 Decision Tree, ANN with Backpropagation, Naive Bayes Classifier, Document Classification, Bayesian Network for COVID Diagnosis, EM Algorithm for Clustering, k-Nearest Neighbors, and Locally Weighted Regression. Each algorithm is broken down into a series of steps that detail the process from initialization to prediction. These algorithms provide foundational methods for classification, regression, and clustering tasks in machine learning.

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8 views

Simplified ML Algorithms

The document outlines simplified algorithms for various machine learning techniques, including Candidate-Elimination, ID3 Decision Tree, ANN with Backpropagation, Naive Bayes Classifier, Document Classification, Bayesian Network for COVID Diagnosis, EM Algorithm for Clustering, k-Nearest Neighbors, and Locally Weighted Regression. Each algorithm is broken down into a series of steps that detail the process from initialization to prediction. These algorithms provide foundational methods for classification, regression, and clustering tasks in machine learning.

Uploaded by

b47527680
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Simplified Machine Learning Lab Algorithms (7-8 Steps)

1. Candidate-Elimination Algorithm

1. Initialize S (most specific) and G (most general).

2. For each training example:

3. If positive: Generalize S, remove inconsistent G.

4. If negative: Specialize G, remove inconsistent S.

5. Remove overly specific G or overly general S.

6. Keep only hypotheses consistent with all data.

7. Final hypothesis lies in version space (between S and G).

2. ID3 Decision Tree Algorithm

1. If all samples have same class, return class.

2. If no attributes left, return majority class.

3. Calculate entropy of dataset.

4. Compute information gain for all attributes.

5. Choose attribute with highest gain.

6. Create decision node based on that attribute.

7. Recurse for each branch using remaining attributes.

3. ANN using Backpropagation

1. Initialize weights randomly.

2. For each training input, do forward pass.

3. Compute output and calculate error.

4. Apply backpropagation to compute gradients.

5. Update weights using gradients and learning rate.

6. Repeat for all inputs and multiple epochs.

7. Stop when error is minimized.

4. Naive Bayes Classifier

1. Calculate prior probability for each class.

2. Compute likelihood for each feature per class.

3. For new input, apply Bayes' Theorem.


4. Multiply feature probabilities with prior.

5. Compute posterior for each class.

6. Choose class with highest posterior.

7. Predict that class as output.

5. Document Classification (Naive Bayes)

1. Preprocess text (stopwords, stemming).

2. Convert to TF or TF-IDF format.

3. Calculate prior and likelihood per class.

4. Compute posterior for each class.

5. Predict class with highest probability.

6. Evaluate with accuracy, precision, recall.

7. Improve model with tuning if needed.

6. Bayesian Network for COVID Diagnosis

1. Define variables (symptoms, test results).

2. Create DAG showing dependencies.

3. Assign conditional probability tables (CPTs).

4. Collect observed data (symptoms).

5. Use Bayes' Theorem for inference.

6. Compute probability of infection.

7. Diagnose based on highest probability.

7. EM Algorithm for Clustering

1. Initialize means and variances randomly.

2. E-step: Estimate soft assignments (probabilities).

3. M-step: Update cluster parameters.

4. Compute log-likelihood.

5. Repeat E and M steps until convergence.

6. Assign points to most probable cluster.

7. Return final cluster parameters.

8. k-Nearest Neighbors (k-NN)

1. Store training data.


2. For each test point, compute distance to all training points.

3. Sort distances and pick k closest.

4. Count class labels among k neighbors.

5. Choose most frequent class.

6. Assign this class to test point.

7. Repeat for all test data.

9. Locally Weighted Regression (LWR)

1. Choose a kernel and bandwidth.

2. For test point, compute distance to all training points.

3. Assign weights using kernel function.

4. Fit weighted linear regression.

5. Predict output using regression model.

6. Repeat for all test points.

7. Return all predicted outputs.

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