Class 10

Biology assignment
Topic- Nutrition and Respiration

SECTION A
1. Haemoglobin and Chlorophyll have similar structures.
- A molecule of haemoglobin is composed of the atoms of four elements- carbon,
hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen, all four organized around iron.
- A Chlorophyll is composed of the same elements, which are organized around
magnesium.
- Considering the above information, which element of Haemoglobin is most likely
responsible for the red color of our blood?
a) Hydrogen
b) Nitrogen
c) Carbon
d) Iron
2. Which row in the table below shows the correct products of anaerobic respiration in
the humans and yeast?

3. Read the following two statements and answer the question.

- Gastroparesis is a disease in which the muscles of the stomach become paralyzed
and cannot contract or relax.
- Foods high in fat can delay the process of digestion and the emptying of the
stomach.
Which of the following food would be advised to a patient suffering from
gastroparesis?
a) Soups and juices only
b) Soups and chicken salads only
c) Fried chicken and fried rice
d) Ice cream and milk only
4. Which row of the table given below correctly gives the movement of gases across the
blood and cells?

a) P
b) Q
 c) R
d) S
5. The image shows the process of making food by a plant.

Which statement can be concluded from the image?

a) Plants absorb CO2 from air and H2O from the soil as raw materials and convert
them into glucose.
b) Plants absorb CO2 from the soil and H2O from air as raw materials and convert
them into glucose.
c) Plants absorb O2 from the air and glucose from the soil as raw materials and
convert them into light energy
d) Plants absorb O2 from air and minerals from the soil as raw materials and convert
them into heat energy
6. A student sets up an experiment to study the importance of nutrition in plants. The
student takes 2 pots, pot 1 and pot 2 each with the same healthy plant. Both the pots
were placed in the garden and watered properly. Pot 1 was kept as such, while pot 2
was kept in air tight glass box with caustic soda. Caustic soda absorbs CO2 present in
the surrounding. After 2 days, the student observes that the plant kept in the garden is
healthy while the plant placed in the container shed leaves and droops. What is the
likely reason for this observation?
a) Lack of nutrients in the soil
b) Absence of oxygen for survival
c) Inability to perform photosynthesis
d) Absorption of light by caustic soda restricting growth
7. The image shows the bread moulds on a bread.

How these fungi obtain nutrition?

a) By eating the bread on which it is growing
b) By using nutrients from the bread to prepare their own food
c) By breaking down the nutrients of bread and then absorbing them
d) By allowing other organisms to grow on the bread and then consuming them
8. Which pathway will occur in the cell of an athlete who is performing 100m sprint?

9. A student setup an experiment to study the human respiratory system. In the

experiment, the student places candle and a living cockroach in the flask A, while a
candle and a dead cockroach in flask B. the burning of candle needs oxygen.

After 10 minutes, the student observes that the student observes that the candle in flask
A extinguish faster while in flask B keeps burning for a longer time. What can be
evaluated from this experiment?
a) Candle produces high amount of carbon dioxide
b) Living beings consume oxygen during respiration
c) Burning of candle decreases the life span of cockroach
d) Water vapours produced by living beings prevent burning of candle
10. In the given diagram of a closed stomata 1,2,3 and 4 respectively are

a) Nucleus, chloroplast, vacuole, guard cell

b) Nucleus, chloroplast, guard cell, vacuole
c) Chloroplast, nucleus, vacuole, guard cell
d) Vacuole, guard cell, nucleus, chloroplast
11. Opening and closing of stomatal pore depends on
a) Atmospheric temperature
b) Oxygen concentration around stomata
c) Carbon dioxide concentration around stomata
d) Water content in the guard cell
12. Observe the diagram of Human Digestive System.
 Match the labeling referred in column-I and correlate with the function in column-II.

13. Which of the following statements are correct in reference to the role of A (shown in
the figure) during a breathing cycle in human beings?

1. It helps to decrease the residual volume of air in lungs

2. It flattens as we inhale
3. It gets raised as we inhale
4. It helps the chest cavity to become larger.
a) 2 and 4
b) 3 and 4
c) 1 and 2
d) 1,2 and 4
14. Respiratory structures of two different animals a fish and a human being are as shown.
Observe a and b and select one characteristics that holds true for both of them

a) Both are placed internally in the body of animal

b) Both have thin and moist surface for gaseous exchange
c) Both are poorly supplied with blood vessels to conserve energy
d) In both the blood returns to the heart after being oxygenated
15. Observe the diagram of an activity given below. What does it help to conclude, when
the person exhales into the test-tube?
 a) Percentage of carbon dioxide is more in inhaled air
b) Fermentation occurs in the presence of oxygen
c) Percentage of carbon dioxide is more in exhaled air
d) Fermentation occurs in the presence of carbon dioxide
SECTION B
1. Why does a piece of bread taste sweet when chewed for some time?
2. Cellulose acts as a roughage in man but serves as a source of nutrients in cow. Justify
your statement.
3. Give the name of the enzyme present in the fluid in our mouth cavity. State the gland
which produces it. What would happen to the process of digestion if this gland stops
secreting this enzyme?
4. In the process of digestion of food in human being, two protein digesting enzymes are
secreted. Name the enzymes along with the glands that secrete them.
5. Give two reasons, why bile juice is considered to be an important secretion of liver in
the process of digestion.
6. Name the movements that occur all along the gut in human digestive system. How do
they help in digestion?
7. What function is served by 1) pyloric sphincter 2) anal sphincter.
8. A) Why are cramps caused in our muscles during sudden excess activity?
b) Name the type of respiration that takes place in Yeast during fermentation.
9. Breathing cycle is rhythmic whereas exchange of gases is continuous. Justify the
statement.
10. Why is respiratory pigment needed in multicellular organisms with large body size?
11. Why rings of cartilage are present in throat?
12. What will be the consequences of deficiency of haemoglobin in our body?
13. Sweet tooth may lead to tooth decay. Explain why? What is the role of tooth paste in
preventing cavities?
14. Out of goat and tiger which one will have longer small intestine? Justify your answer.
15. Why the rate of breathing in aquatic organisms is much faster than in the terrestrial
organisms?
SECTION C
1. a) Name the process by which autotrophs prepare their own food.
b) List the main events which occur during this process
c) State two sources from which plants obtain nitrogen for synthesis of protein and
other compounds.
2. a) Draw diagram to show nutrition in Amoeba and label the parts used for this
purpose. Mention a purpose served by this part other than nutrition.
b) Name the glands, associated with digestion of starch in human digestive tract and
mention their role.
c) How is required pH maintained in the stomach and small intestine?
3. A) A gas is released during photosynthesis. Name the gas and also state the way by
which the gas is evolved?
b) What are stomata? What governs the opening and closing of stomata?
4. Give reasons
a) Lungs always contain a residual volume of air.
b) The diaphragm flattens and ribs are lifted up when we breathe.
c) Walls of alveoli contain an extensive network of blood vessels.
5. Explain the following
a) State the role of ATP in cellular respiration
b) What ensures sufficient exchange of gases in plants?
c) State the conditions on which the direction of diffusion of gases in plants depends
upon.
6. A variegated leaf with green and yellow patches is used for an experiment to prove
that chlorophyll is required for photosynthesis. Before the experiment the green
portions (A) and pale yellow portions (B) are marked. What will be the colour of A
just before and after the starch test? Also write the equation of photosynthesis and
mark as well as validate from which molecule the byproduct is obtained.
7. In each of the following situations what happens to the rate of photosynthesis? (a)
cloudy day (b)no rainfall in the area (c) good manuring (d) stomata get blocked due to
dirt.
8. Leaves of a healthy plant were coated with Vaseline. Will the plant remain healthy for
long? Give reason for your answer.

SECTION D
1. A) During photosynthesis, light energy is converted into chemical energy.
R) There is reduction of CO2 to form carbohydrates.
2. A) Stomata function as turgor operated valves.
R) On becoming turgid, guard cells create a pore in between them.
3. A) Food from stomach passes into duodenum in small amounts through a sphincter
muscle in pylorus.
R) It helps in quick neutralization of acidity of the food coming from stomach.
4. A) ATP functions as energy currency of living beings.
R) It picks up energy where available and deposits the same where required.
5. A) The surface area for respiration is thin, delicate and very large.
R) A quicker exchange of gases is possible only through a large surface area.
6. A) Oxygen is transported by haemoglobin of RBCs.
R) CO2 is mostly transported in dissolved form.
 SECTION E

CASE STUDY 1
Reeta conducted an experiment to examine photosynthesis in aquatic plants kept in a
tank by measuring dissolved oxygen. She plotted her results in the following graph X:

She repeated the experiment while covering the tank with an opaque black cloth. She
plotted the results in the following graph Y:

Answer questions 1 to 4 based on your understanding of above data and related

studied concepts.
1) What could be the aim of her experiments?
2) Apart from photosynthesis, what other cellular process can be observed by the
experiment?
3) Why does the oxygen level rise I graph X?
4) Explain the downward slope of graph Y.

CASE STUDY 2
Human digestive system is a tube running from mouth to anus. Its main function is to
breakdown complex molecules present in the food which cannot be absorbed as such
into smaller molecules. These molecules are absorbed across the walls of the tube and
the absorbed food reaches each and every cell of the body where it is utilized for
obtaining energy.
Answer questions 1 to 4 based on your understanding of above paragraph.
1) Name the glands present in buccal cavity and write the components of food on
which the secretion of these glands act upon.
2) Two organs have the sphincter muscle at their exit. Name them.
3) What will happen if mucus is not secreted by the gastric glands?
4) What will the consequences if villi are absent in the small intestine?