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    Booth Multiplication

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    Vijay Dubey
    The document discusses how to multiply two 4-bit binary numbers using Booth's algorithm. It works through an example of calculating 5 x -3. The key steps are: 1) converting the numbers to binary, 2) finding the two's complement of the second number, 3) initializing registers, and 4) repeatedly adding or subtracting the second number from the first based on bit values and shifting registers. After 4 passes, the final register values give the product in binary.

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    Booth Multiplication

    Uploaded by

    Vijay Dubey
    746 views5 pages
    The document discusses how to multiply two 4-bit binary numbers using Booth's algorithm. It works through an example of calculating 5 x -3. The key steps are: 1) converting the numbers to binary, 2) finding the two's complement of the second number, 3) initializing registers, and 4) repeatedly adding or subtracting the second number from the first based on bit values and shifting registers. After 4 passes, the final register values give the product in binary.

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    The document discusses how to multiply two 4-bit binary numbers using Booth's algorithm. It works through an example of calculating 5 x -3. The key steps are: 1) converting the numbers to binary, 2) finding the two's complement of the second number, 3) initializing registers, and 4) repeatedly adding or subtracting the second number from the first based on bit values and shifting registers. After 4 passes, the final register values give the product in binary.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as TXT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as txt, pdf, or txt
    746 views5 pages

    Booth Multiplication

    Uploaded by

    Vijay Dubey
    The document discusses how to multiply two 4-bit binary numbers using Booth's algorithm. It works through an example of calculating 5 x -3. The key steps are: 1) converting the numbers to binary, 2) finding the two's complement of the second number, 3) initializing registers, and 4) repeatedly adding or subtracting the second number from the first based on bit values and shifting registers. After 4 passes, the final register values give the product in binary.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as TXT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as txt, pdf, or txt
    of 5

    How to Multiply Using Booth s Algorithm

    By Tom S. Lee

    In this tutorial, I will discuss how to multiply two numbers using Booth s algorit hm. We will use the following problem as our example:

    Calculate 5 x -3 using four bit numbers and Booth's algorithm. Show all steps ne atly in a table.

    First, convert both numbers to binary.

    5 = 0101 -3 = 1101

    We see that if we add 0 to the right of both binary conversions, there are four 0 to 1 or 1 to 0 switches in 0101, and only three switches in 1101. Since three is the smaller of the two, we use 1101 as our x value and use 0101 as out y value. The next step is to find the tw o's compliment of our y value so that we can do subtraction of y from x. We do this by keeping all 0's up until, and including, the first 1 the same. We then flip all the remaining bits. So two's c ompliment of 0101 becomes 1011.

    The next step is to set two registers, which we name u and v, to be zero. These are going to be the registers where we store our product throughout the working of the problem. We t hen place these registers into a table along with two additional registers x and x-1. Register x is initially set to be the predetermined value of x, and x-1 is initially set to be zero.

    u v x x-1

    0000 0000 1101 0

    The next step is to look at the LSB of x and the number in the x-1 register. If the LSB of x is one, and x-1 is zero, we subtract y from u. If LSB of x is zero, and x-1 is 1, then we ad d y to u. If both LSB of x and x-1 are equal, you do nothing and skip to the shifting stage. In our case, the LSB of x is one, and x-1 is zero, so we subtract y from u. We then do an arithmetic right shift o n u and v, and a circular right shift on x, also copying the LSB of x into x-1. This gives the ta ble:

    u v x x-1

    0000 0000 1101 0 1011 1011

    1101 1000 1110 1

    We then go through the process again using the same rules. This time we see that the LSB of x is 0 and x-1 is 1. We must now add y to u. Once added, we then do an arithmetic rig ht shift on u and v, with the last bit of v dropping off, and a circular right shift on x, also co pying the LSB of x into x-1. This gives the table:

    u v x x-1

    0000 0000 1101 0 1011 1011

    1101 1000 1110 1 0101 0010

    0001 0100 0111 0

    Again, we repeat the process again. This time LSB of x is 1 and x-1 is zero. So like we did on the first pass, we subtract y from u. We then do an arithmetic right shift on u and v, and a circular right shift on x, also copying the LSB of x into x-1. This gives the table:

    u v x x-1

    0000 0000 1101 0 1011 1011

    1101 1000 1110 1 0101 0010

    0001 0100 0111 0 1011 1100

    1110 0010 1011 1

    Now on the fourth and final pass, we see that the LSB of x is 1 and so is x-1. T his makes it easier for us because now we don't have to add the numbers. We only have to do an arith metic right shift on u and v, and a circular right shift on x, also copying the LSB of x into x-1.

    This gives the table:

    u v x x-1

    0000 0000 1101 0 1011 1011

    1101 1000 1110 1 0101 0010

    0001 0100 0111 0 1011 1100

    1110 0010 1011 1 1111 0001 1101 1

    And we are finished. The result is u followed by v, and we get 11110001. Now to easily check our calculations, we take the original question, 5 x -3. This becomes -15. -15 is th e two's compliment of 15. 15 in eight bit binary is 00001111. Taking the two's compliment by the metho d previously described, we get the result 11110001, which is exactly the same as our Booths a lgorithm answer.

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