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Energy Work and Power1

The document explains the concepts of work, power, and energy, detailing how work is calculated and the different types of energy, including chemical, potential, and kinetic energy. It also discusses the principle of energy conservation and its application in various devices, as well as the major energy sources in Botswana and their socio-economic and environmental impacts. Key examples illustrate the conversion of energy between forms, emphasizing the importance of understanding energy dynamics in machines and natural processes.

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kelathilweaobakwe87
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12 views6 pages

Energy Work and Power1

The document explains the concepts of work, power, and energy, detailing how work is calculated and the different types of energy, including chemical, potential, and kinetic energy. It also discusses the principle of energy conservation and its application in various devices, as well as the major energy sources in Botswana and their socio-economic and environmental impacts. Key examples illustrate the conversion of energy between forms, emphasizing the importance of understanding energy dynamics in machines and natural processes.

Uploaded by

kelathilweaobakwe87
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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WORK

Work is done when a force moves an object. The amount of work done is defined as the force F
multiplied by the distance s moved in the direction of the force.

i.e.

W = Fs

Where: W is work (J)

F is force (N)

S is the distance moved in the direction of the force (m)

The work done is a measure of the amount of energy transferred. E.g. when you lift a stone of mass m to
a vertical height h, the work done is mgh. This is the amount of chemical energy transferred to potential
energy of the stone.

POWER

It is the rate at which work is done or transferred.

Power =

i.e

P=

Where: P is power (watts)

W is work (J)

t is time (s)
ENERGY: It is the ability to do work.

TYPES OF ENERGY

(a) Chemical Energy: Sources include food, fossil fuels (coal, oil, and natural gas).
(b) Potential Energy: It depends on the raised position (gravitational potential) and strained
condition (elastic potential) of an object.
(c) Nuclear Energy: This is energy released from the nuclei of atoms.
(d) Sound Energy: This is energy produced by vibrating objects.
(e) Electrical Energy: It involves the flow of charges.
(f) Light Energy: Sources are the sun, lamps, candles, e.t.c.
(g) Kinetic Energy: Energy a body has because of its motion.
(h) Heat Energy: Sources are fires and the sun.

MECHANICAL ENERGY

Examples of mechanical energy are kinetic and potential.

(a) KINETIC ENERGY: This is the energy a body has because of its motion.

Ek =

Where: Ek is kinetic energy (J)

m is mass (kg)

v is velocity (m/s)

(b) POTENTIAL ENERGY: Energy a body has because of its position or condition.

Ep = mgh

Where: Ep is potential energy (J)

m is mass (kg)

g is gravitational field strength (N/kg or m/s2)


ENERGY CONSERVATION

The principle of energy conservation says, “energy cannot be created or destroyed, but it is
always conserved”. This means that energy can be changed from one form to another.

EXAMPLES

(a) MICROPHONE: Sound Electrical


(b) CATAPULT: Chemical Potential Kinetic
(c) HYDRO ELECTRIC POWER: Potential Kinetic Electrical
(d) BURNING CANDLE: Chemical Light + Heat
(e) ELECTRICAL KETTLE: Electrical Heat

CONSERVATION OF MECHANICAL ENERGY

In many machines, there is a constant interchange between kinetic and potential energy. In a
frictionless machine, the total of the kinetic and potential energy would remain constant.

(a) ENERGY CHANGES OF A FALLING OR RISING OBJECT

If the total mechanical energy is conserved:

LOSS OF Ep = GAIN OF Ek OR GAIN OF Ep = LOSS Ek


(b) ENERGY CHANGES OF A SIMPLE PENDULUM

The kinetic energy Ek is great when v is greatest at C. Ep is greatest where bob is at its greatest
height h.

Efficiecy =
(c) ENERGY CHANGES IN SOME DEVICES

(i) MICROPHONE: Sound Electrical

(ii)CATAPULT: Chemical Potential Kinetic

(iii)HYDRO ELECTRIC POWER: Potential Kinetic Electrical

(iv)BURNING CANDLE: Chemical Light + Heat

(v) ELECTRICAL KETTLE: Electrical Heat

(vi) SOLAR CELL: Light Electrical

(vii) LOUDSPEAKER: Electrical Sound

MAJOR ENERGY SOURCES IN BOTSWANA

(a) FOSSIL FUELS: These include coal, oil, and natural gas.
(b) BIOMASS: These include crops, crop residue, animal dung, and natural vegetation.
(c) SOLAR: Energy from the sun
(d) WIND: used to turn windmills (turbines)

THE SOCIO–ECONOMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF EACH ENERGY SOURCE LOCALLY


AND GLOBALLY

(a) FOSSIL FUELS


- Emits Sulphur Dioxide, therefore causes acidic rain
- Emits Carbon Dioxide, so it increases the greenhouse effect
- Limited fuel available(non-renewable)
(b) NUCLEAR
- Nuclear waste must be disposed off safely
- Risks of big accidents
- Limited fuel available (non-renewable)
(c) SOLAR
- Unreliable because it depends on the weather
- Solar cells are expensive
(d) HYDROELECTRIC
- Acts as a barrier to shipping routes
- Impossible in flat regions
- Floods large areas
- Affects the ecology of an area when building the dam
- Expensive to build a dam
(e) BIOMASS
- Cutting down trees leads to desertification
- Continual use of fertilizers and irrigation results in salination, i.e soil becomes salty
(f) WIND
- Needs many large turbines over a large area.
- Noisy and unsightly
- Unreliable because the wind does not blow every day
(g) GEOTHERMAL
- Expensive
- Used where plates are stable

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