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Practical Electric Circuitry Notes Final

The document outlines the practical uses of electricity in daily life, including heating, lighting, and communication, while also explaining the concepts of electrical power, energy, and cost. It highlights the dangers associated with electricity, such as damaged insulation and overloading sockets, and provides safety guidelines for its use. Additionally, it covers essential components like fuses and plugs, emphasizing the importance of proper connections and the role of double insulation in preventing electric shocks.

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5 views3 pages

Practical Electric Circuitry Notes Final

The document outlines the practical uses of electricity in daily life, including heating, lighting, and communication, while also explaining the concepts of electrical power, energy, and cost. It highlights the dangers associated with electricity, such as damaged insulation and overloading sockets, and provides safety guidelines for its use. Additionally, it covers essential components like fuses and plugs, emphasizing the importance of proper connections and the role of double insulation in preventing electric shocks.

Uploaded by

kelathilweaobakwe87
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PRACTICAL ELECTRIC CIRCUITRY

Appreciate the use of electricity in everyday life situation.

Uses of Electricity

1. Heating- Current has a heating effect, which is used in electric Iron, Kettle,
Heater, water boiler etc.
2. Lighting- In electric circuits.
3. Machines- Electrical energy is converted into kinetic energy, which causes
machine parts to move, e.g. drill machine
4. Security- Electrical fence, alarms etc.
5. Communication- Telephone cables can carry messages as electrical signals.

Electrical Power and Energy

Power is the rate of energy conversion.

Power = energy converted / time

P = E / t.

E, is equivalent to work done, W

W = Q * V =ItV, therefore E = I t V

E = I t V= P t. (J)

Therefore Power, P = I V =I2 R = V2 / R (W)

Teachers to give examples on the use of the formulas.

Cost of electricity

We pay for the energy used or converted in our homes. The amount of energy
converted depends on the power of the appliance and the time for which they are
switched on.
Energy converted = Power * time.

The unit of energy for which we pay is Kilo-watt hour ( kWh ).


The number of units used or converted by an appliance is given by the relation:

Number of = number of * number of


KWh units kilowatts hours

hence the cost of electricity used by an appliance is given by:

cost = number of kWh units * price per kWh unit.

1
Understand the dangers of electricity.

Electricity can be dangerous if not used properly; the following are some of the
dangers of electricity.

1. Damaged Insulation – this can result in short circuit if the wires come in contact,
or a person can be shocked if they touch the bare wires.

2. Overloading of sockets- plugging so many appliances on one socket could result


on the cables overheating, because the current will be high, this could result into
fire.

3. Damp condition- Holding sockets with wet hands is dangerous, because water is a
good conductor of electricity.

Some Do’s and dont's with electricity.

 Do switch off and disconnect appliances when not in use, and always before
starting any repair work.
 Do learn how to fit plugs correctly and safely
 Do not expose any wiring unless it is disconnected or unplugged.
 Do not overload circuits and sockets with too many appliances plugged into
multiway adaptors.
 Do not take main appliances, for example hairdryers, into bathrooms where
holding with wet hands can be dangerous,
 Do not use appliances requiring an earth lead onto a 2- pin socket or lighting
circuit
 Do not replace a fuse until the fault in the circuit or appliance has been found
and removed or replaced.
 Do not leave long cables trailing across a room.

Acquire knowledge on the safe use of electricity in the home.

The FUSE:

Fuses are fitted in all circuit to prevent a dangerously large current from flowing. To
‘Fuse’ means to melt. A fuse is a short thin piece of wire with a fairly low melting
point, which becomes hot and melts when the current through it exceeds its rated
value. A melted or blown fuse stops the current like a switch and protects against the
fire risk caused by the heat in an overloaded cable or appliance. The fuse is fitted in a
Live wire.

The 3 Pin Plug:

2
Proper connection of the plug.

Live wire (L) - brown


Neutral wire (N) – blue
Earth wire (E) – green and yellow.

The EARTH wire: It is the green and the yellow in a cable. It protects a person who
may touch a faulty or live appliance. The earth wire is connected to the metal case of
an appliance, if there is a fault the current flow through the earth wire, which carries it
to the ground/ earth. (short circuit ), this will result in more current flow which will
blow the fuse, hence cutting the flow of current.

The LIVE wire: It carries the current at a high voltage which alternates between
+ 240V and -240V. i.e Current changes direction 50 times in a
second. (50 Hz). Fuses and Switches are connected to the live wire.

The NEUTRAL wire. It is carries current back to the source.

DOUBLE INSULATION:
Appliances such as vacuum cleaners, hairdryers and food mixers are usually double
insulated. Connection to the supply is by a two core insulated cable, with no earth
wire, and the appliance is enclosed in an insulating plastic case. There is then no risk
of a shock should a fault develop.

Electric shock: Electric current passing through the heart can be fatal. The following
action should be taken in cases of electric shock.

1. Switch off the supply, if the shocked person is still touching live equipment.
2. Send the person for qualified medical assistance.
3. If breathing has stopped apply the kiss of life
4. If the heart has stopped try to restart it by striking the chest smartly three times
over the heart

Circuit in Parallel: Every circuit in the house is connected in Parallel. The


advantages are:
 Each appliance gets the maximum full voltage from the supply
 Each appliance can be switched on and off independently
 Each appliance is connected to a circuit with recommended fuse,

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