4 COORDINATE

GEOMETRY

BASIC CONCEPTS A FLOW CHART

Coordinate Geometry
To locate the position of a point in a plane, we require two perpendicular lines. One of them
is horizontal, and the other is vertical. The plane is called the Cartesian, or coordinate plane
and the lines are called the coordinate axes.

The horizontal line is caled the x -axis and the vertical

line is called the yaxis.

The coordinate axes divide the plane into four parts

called quadrants.

The point of intersection of the axes is called the origin

Abscissa
Ordinate
axis ll quadrant quadrant
Coordinates (+) (+)
of a point

(O,0)0
Ill quadrant V quadrant
axis
Origin (0, 0)

The x-c0ordinate of every point on y axis is zero. So, the coordinates of any point on y-axis
are (0,)
The ycoordinate of every point on xaxis is zero. So. the coordinates of any point on a-axis
are (x, 0)
An equation of the typey ms represents a straight ine passing through the origin
The coordinate of origin is (0,0)

75 COordinate
Geometry
 MORE POINTSTO REMEMBER
Cartsian coordinates of a point: From P, PL and
be point in plane of paper.
x-axis and y-axis and P any i.e., distance of p
Let XOX and YOY be the
respectively. The distance OL,
drawn to x and y-axis ofP along y-axis is calledy
Mare perpendiculars or abscissa and distance OM, i.e., distance
x-coordinate is called coordinate of the
along x-axis is coordinates when written in pair together
cOordinate o r ordinate.
Both

point. x-coordinate and 3 is y-coordinate.

3) in which 4 is
Here, coordinate ofP is (4,

y-axis
5

3:
M
P(4,3)

X
x-axis

Fig. 4.1
XOY and YOX
coordinate axis then the region XOY, XOY,
Conversion of signs: If XOX' and YOY are The ray OX is
are known as the first, the second,
the third and the fourth quadrants respectively.
OY as positive y-axis and Of as negative y-axis.
assumed as positive *-axis, OX' as negative x-axis, axis
axis is positive and distance moved along negative
Therefore, the distance moved along positive
IS negative.

y-axis

(++)

X
X-axis

()

Fig. 4.2
Thus we have x0, y> 0 in lst quadrant.
x <0, y > 0 in 2nd quadrant.

x<0, y<0in 3rd quadrant.

x0, y < 0 in 4th quadrant.

Kam tdeas- 76
Mathematics-1X
Plotting of points:
To plot a point in a plane, we may proceed according to following steps:
Step I: Draw x and y-axis as two vertical line X'OX and YoY respectively with origin O.

Step I1: Label both with zero at

axes starting origin in both positive and negative
directuo with
proper sign + or - as Fig. 4.3 given below.

Y y-axis

X-axis
X 3

Fig. 43
Step Ill: Obtain the coordinates of the point which is to be plotted. Let the point be Pla, b). To
plot this point, start from the origin and move 'a units along OX or OX depending upon
sign of a. From this point on x-axis, move vertically upward or downward through b units
depending upon sign of b. The point where we reach finally is the required point Pla, b).
For example, we plot P(2, -3) as follows:

YY-axis

X-axis
X

P(2-3)

Fig. 4.4

77 Coordinate
eometry
 VERY SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS [1 mark
1.fy-coordinate ofa point is zero, then where will
this point lie in the coordinate plane?
Sol. On the x-axis.
2. In which quadrant(s), the abscissa of a point is negative?
Sol. II and IlI quadrants.
3. Where does the point (-2, 4) 1lie in the coordinate plane?
Sol. II quadrant.
4 . n which quadrant does a point both of whose coordinates
are positive lier
Sol. I quadrant.
5. Find the point whose ordinate is -3 and which lies on y-axis.

Sol. (0,-3).
will lie in which quadrant (s)?
6. The point in which abscissa and ordinate have different signs
Sol. II and IV quadrants.
7. Find the perpendicular distance of the point P(5, 7) from the y-axis.

Sol. 5.
8. Find the point which lies on the line y =-3x having abscissa 3.

Sol. Whenx = 3 theny = -9, thus the point is (3,-9).

SHORTANSWER QUESTIONS- [2marks]

1. Write the coordinates of a point on x-axis at a distance of 6 units from the origin in the positive
direction of x-axis and then justify your answer.
Sol. As, any point on x-axis has coordinates (x, 0) where x is the distance from origin, so required

coordinates are (6, 0).

2. Which axis is parallel to the line on which the two points with coordinates (4, 3) and (4,-2) lie?
Sol. As x-coordinate of both points is 4.
So, both points lie on the line x = 4 which is parallel to y-axis.
3. Two points with coordinates (3, 4) and (-5, 4) lie on a line parallel to which axis? Justify your
answer.

Sol. y-coordinate of both the points is 4.

So, both points lie on the line y = 4 which is parallel to x-axis.

4. Ifthe coordinates oftwopoints areP -2,3) and Q-3,5), then find (abscissa ofP)- (abscissa ofQ)
Sol. Abscissa ofP - Abscissa ofQ= (-2)--3)=-2 +3 = 1.

5. Without plotting the points indicate the quadrant in which they will lie, if
() Ordinate is -3 and abscissa is-2
(ii) Abscissa is 5 and ordinate is -6

Sol. () III quadrant

i') IV quadrant
6. Plot the points A (5, 5) and B (-5, 5) in cartesian plane. Join AB, OA and OB. Name the type of
triangle so obtained.

amtdea 78
Mathematics-IX
 (-5, 5)
B

Fig. 4.5
Sol. The obtained triangle is an isosceles triangle.
7. In Fig. 4.6, if ABC and ABD are equilateral triangles then find the coordinates of C and D.

Ka
X B

Fig. 4.6

Sol. Here, AC 2a and A0 =a

OC= AC-AO = 4a-a = 3a2
OC = av3
Therefore, coordinates of C are (0, a 3)
Coordinates of D are (0, -ay3).

79 Coordinate
Geometry
 [3 marks
SHORTANSWER QUESTIONS-I
1. Find the coordinates of the point
[NCERT Exemplar
)which lies on both x and y-axis.
whose abscissa is 5 and lies on x-axis.
(ii)
iii) whose ordinate is -4 and lies on y-axis.

Sol. ) (0, 0)
(i) (5, 0)
(ii) (0, 4)
a distance of 2 units.
is line parallel to the y-axis at
2. In Fig. 4.7, LM a

(i) What are the coordinates of the points P, R and Q?

M?
(i) What is the difference between the
abscissa of the pointL and

OP

ORH

Fig. 4.7

Sol. ) Coordinates of the points P, Q and R are

P
=(2, 2), Q= (2,-1), R =
(2,-3)
) 2-2 =0
3. From the Fig. 4.8, write the following:
) Coordinates of A, B and C.
(i) The point identified by the coordinates (-1, 1).
(ii) The abscissa of the point E.
(iv) The ordinate of the point F.

Xam fdea 80
Mathematics-IX
 4OC

OA

X-5 5X

Fig. 4.8
Sol. ) A = (3, 2), B = (4, 0), C = (0, 4)

) D ()2 (iv)-3
4. Write the coordinates of the vertices of a rectangle whose length and breadth are 7 and 4 units
respectively, one vertex at the origin, the longer side lies on the x-axis and one of the vertices
lies in the third quadrant.
Sol. (0, 0), -7,0), (-7, -4), (0, -4) [Fig. 4.9].

A-7,0) (0, 0)
4 3X

4
B-7,-4) C(o 4)

Fig 49

81 Coordinata
Geometry
 [4 marks]
LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS breadth are 6 and 3 units
rectangle whose length and
the coordinates of the
vertices of a and o n e of the
vertices
side lies o n the y-axis
Write

vertex at the origin, the longer

eSpectively, o n e
lies in the second quadrant.
4.10)
Sol. (0, 0), (0, 6), (-3, 6), (-3, 0) (See Fig.

6) D A(0, 6)

O,0)
x -7

Fig. 4.10

2. From Fig. 4.11, answer the following:

() Coordinates of point C.

(i) point identified by the coordinates (-3, -7).

The

(iit)The abscissa of the point E.

(iv) The ordinate of the point F.

(v) Coordinates of point O.

(vi) quadrant in which point G lies.

The
A from the x-axis.
(vii) The perpendicular distance of the point
(vii) The perpendicular distance of the point B from the y-axis.

am idea
Mathematics-IX
82
 X6-54 5

Fig. 4.11
Sol. ) (-5,3) (i) D izi) 0 (tu)-5
(u) (0, 0) (vi) Fourth (vi) 6 units (vii) 7 units
3. Plot the following points and check whether they are collinear or not:
) (2,3), (3, 2), (1, -5)
(ii) (-1, 1), (-3, 3), (-5, 5)
Sol. )

A(2,3)

B(3. 2)

X-3

Oc(1-5)

Fig. 4.12

non-collinear.
The points a r e

83 COordinate
Geometry
 ()

C-6,5) f

B-3,3)

-1, 1A O

-2

-3

Fig. 4.13
Yes, the points are collinear.

HOTS (Higher Order Thinking Skills)

1. Plot the points A (2, 0), B (5, 0) and C
(6, 3). Find the
that ABCD is a square. coordinate of the point D such
Sol.

3 D(2,3) CI5,3)

X
A(2.0) B(5,0)
3 4
6X
Y

Fig. 4.14
Coordinates of point D (2,3)

da 84
 2. Plot the and B (5, 4).
points A (1,-3)
(0) Draw a line segment with these points. Write the coordinates of a point on this line
Segment AB.
(i) Extend this line segment and write the coordinates of a point on this line which
lies outside the line segment AB.
Sol. The point C (2.7, 0) lies on the line segment AB.
The point D (0, -4.7) lies on the same line but outside the line segment AB.

B (5,4)

(2.7.9)
X-1O 3 4

OA(1 3)

OD(0. 4.7)

Fig. 4.15

PROFICIENCY EXERCISE
(1 mark)
Very Short Answer Questions lie?
1. quadrant does the point (4, 3)
In which
lie in the coordinate plane?
2Where does the point (0, -5)
I n which quadrants is
the ordinate ofa point positive?
distance of a point P from the y-axis
is 4 units and the foot of the
f the perpendicular ofP?
perpendicular lies on the negative
direction
ofy-axis, then what is the y-coordinate
5 and lies on x-axis.
5 Pind the point whose abscissa is
S Find the perpendicular distance point A (-3, -6) from the x-axis.
of the
the points (other than origin) for which abscissa is equal to
the ordinate lie.
7. Find the quadrants where
are plotted on the graph paper, then which of
8. IfA (3, 5), C(-4,-4), D-4,-2) and E(-2, 3)
(2, 5), B
third quadrant?
the point(s) will lie in the
ordinate is 6 and which lies on y-axis.
9. Find the point whose
distance of the point P(7, 2) from the y-axis.
10. Find the perpendicular

85 Loordinate
Geometry
 (2 marks)
Short Answer Questions-
of a and b.

the straight line with equation y

=
4x, find the values
. It the points (-3, a) and (b, 4) lie on
the value of a.
the graph ofthe equation 3y
= ax + 7, find
.if the point (3, 4) lies on
answer.
13 Does the point (-3, -3) lie on the line x y? Justify your
=

where do they lhe?

If
14. Are there any points which do lie in any of the quadrants? yes,
not
to the
x-axis at a distance
of 5 units from the y-axis
l. What are the coordinates of a point which ies on
the x-axis
coordinates if it lies on y-axis at
a distance of 5units from
lett of the origin? What will be the
above the origin?
ofB) (abscissa of A).
-

A (-7, 8), then find (abscissa

(-2, 5) and B
It the coordinates of the two points are third
units. If the point lies in
b.

units and from y-axis is 5

of a from *-axis is 3
The distance point
quadrant, find the coordinates of the point.
(3 marks)
Short Answer Questions-I lie.
quadrant in which the following points will
indicate the
18. Without plotting the points,
and abscissa is -1.
) Point whose ordinate is -7
and ordinate = -4.
Point whose abscissa 4
-

()
and ordinate is 5.
(ii) Points whose abscissa is 2
line is to the x-axis at a
parallel
distance of 2 units.
19. In Fig. 4.16,

=2

Fig. 4.16

() What are the coordinates of the point A, B and C?

(i) What is the difference between the ordinates of the point A and C
(iti) Find (abscissa of B) -(abscissa ofA).
20. Find the coordinates of the point

) whose abscissa is -5 and ordinate is 4.

(i) whose ordinate is -7 and lies on y-axis.

(i) whose abscissa is 1 and lies on x-axis.

(to) whose abscissa equals the ordinate and whose distance from y-axis is 3 units in the positive
direction ofx-axis.

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Mathematics-IX
21. From the Fig. 4.17, write
) coordinates of A, D, G.
(t) the point identified by the coordinates (2, -2) and (0, 6).
(it) the abscissa of the point F.
(iv) the ordinates of the points B and C.

6QH

OC
OB
A

X 4 3 2 1012 3 4 5 6 X
E

GO

Fig. 4.17

22. Plot the following points and check whether these are collinear or not:
() (2,-4), (8, -6) and (1,2) i) (4,-4) and (3,-3), -2, 2) and (-1, 1)
ii) (1, 1), (2,-3), (-1,-2) iu) (0,0), (2, 2), (5, 5) ENCERT Exemplar)
28. Plot the point P (4,-6) and from it draw PM and PNperpendicular toxaxis andy axis respectively
Write the coordinates of the points M and N.
breadth are 8 and 5 units
24. Write the coordinates of the vertices of a rectangle whose length and
and of the vertices lies in the
respectively, one vertex at (1, 0), the longer side lies on the x-axis
one

second quadrant.
and write the name of the figure thus obtained.
25. Plot the points P (-2, 1), 2(2, 1), R (3, 2) and S (-1,2)
26. Plot the points (x, y) given by the following table. Use scale 1 cm = 0.25 units. [NCERT Exemplar]

1.25 0.25 1.5 -0.7

-0.5 1.5 -0.25
27. Plot the points (-3, 0), (5, 0) and (0, 4) on Cartesian plane. Name the figure formed by joining
these points and find its area.

28.Jn which quadrant or on which axis does

each of the following points lie?
-4,2),(3,-2), (4, 0), 3, 3), (-4,-5)
distance of 7 units from they-axis. What are its coordinates? What will be
29.A point lies on the x-axis at a distance of-7 units from x-axis? [NCERT Exemplar]
uhecoordinates if it lies on y-axis at a
30. Plot the points (x, y) given by the following table:
3
2 5
6 -5
3 -2 -2

87 COordinate
Geometry
 (4 marks)
Long Answer Questions
write
31. From the Fig. 4.18,
and F.
) the coordinates of the points B
the coordinates (1, 1).
(ü) the point
identified by
and H.
( i ) the ofthe points D
abscissa
A and C.
.(v) the ordinates ofthe points
and I lie.
which points B
() the quadrant in from the x-axis.
distance of the point G
(vi) the perpendicular
I from the y-axis.
distance of the point
(vi) the perpendicular
units.
distance from y-axis is 2
whose perpendicular
'(vii) the point

5T
4O H

X-7 6-54-3 1 2 3 45 67 X

Fig. 4.18

32. Plot the points P (1, 0), Q(4, 0) and S (1, 3). Find the coordinates ofthe point R such that PORS is a
square. [NCERT Exemplar)
33. From the Fig. 4.19, write the points whose
(a) abscissa = 0

6) ordinate = 0

(c) abscissa = -3

d) ordinate = 4

amtdea 88
Mathematics-IX
 sO
OLT

3OT
OR

X4-3 -2 O
3 4 X

3P

Fig. 4.19
34. Three vertices of a rectangle are (-1, 1), (5, 1) and (5, 3). Plot these points and find the coordinates of
the fourth vertex.
35. Find some ordered pairs (x, y) such that x +3 = 6 and plot them. How many such ordered pairs can
be found and plotted?
36. Write the coordinates of the vertices of a square whose each side is 5 units, one vertex at (2, 1) and all
the vertices lie in the same quadrant.
37. Draw the quadrilateral with vertices (-4, 4), (-6,0), (-4,-4), (-2,0). Name the type ofquadrilateral
and find its area.

SELF-ASSESSMENT TEST
Time: 45 minutes Maximum marks: 25

1. In which quadrants abscissa and ordinate have same signs?

2. Mark the point on y-axis at a distance of four units in the negative direction of y-axis.
3. Find the perpendicular distance of the point P (4, 6) from the *-axis.
1
Write the equation ofline passing through origin.
5. Plot the point P(2, -6) on a graph paper and from it draw PM and PN perpendiculars to r-axis and

Write the coordinates of the points M and N. 2

y-axis, respectively.
6. (-4, 4) is a point in the IV quadrant. Write True or False and justify your answer. 2

7. Find the coordinates of the point

() which lies on both the axes.

(i) whose abscissa is -4 and lies on x-axis.

(i) whose ordinate is 5 and lies on y-axis.

89 Coordinate
Geometry
 units.
y-axis at a
to
distance of 3
line parallel
Fig. 4.20, LM is 3
a
8. In and Q?
the coordinates ofthe
points P, R L and M?
)What are
the abscissa of
the point
difference between
() What is the

OP

4X
1
3
X
OQ

OR

Fig. 4.20

9. Points A(5, 3), B(-2, 3) and D(5, -4) are three vertices of a square ABCD. Plot these points on a
graph paper and hence find the coordinates of the vertex C. [NCERT Exemplar) 3
10. Plot the points A(4, 0) and B (0, 4). Join A, B to the origin 0. Find the area of AAOB. 4
11. In
Fig 4.21, PQR is anequilateral triangle with coordinates of Q and R as (-2, 0) and (2, 0)
respectively. Find the coordinates of the vertex P. 4

X
-2.0 N2.0)
R

Fig. 4.21

Kam tdea
Mathematics-1X 90