Unit 2-Vector Calculus
Unit 2-Vector Calculus
f
Unit vector normal to the given surface 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧) is given by nˆ
| f |
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Dept. of Maths., BMSCE Unit 2: Vector Calculus
̂
3𝑖̂+4𝑗̂ −6𝑘
(v) the surface 𝑥 2 𝑦 − 2𝑧𝑥 + 2𝑦 2 𝑧 4 = 10 at the point (2,1, −1). Ans:
√61
Directional derivative
a
Directional derivative of in the direction of a at a point P is given by P a P .
a
Geometrically, the directional derivative of in the direction of a at a point P is the rate of change
of at a point P in the direction of a .
1. Find the directional derivatives of f x, y, z xy 2 yz 3 at the point 2, 1,1 in the direction
of:
11
a. the vector i 2 j 2k . Ans:
3
15
b. the normal to the surface x log z y 2 4 at 1, 2,1 . Ans:
17
2. Find the directional derivative of f x, y,z 4e 2 x y z at the point 1,1,1 in the direction
towards the point 3, 5, 6 .
3. Find the directional derivative of x 2 y 2 z 2 at the point 1,1, 1 in the direction of the tangent to
𝟒
the curve x et , y 1 2sin t and z t cos t , where 1 t 1 . Ans:
√𝟔
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Dept. of Maths., BMSCE Unit 2: Vector Calculus
6. In which direction from 3,1, 2 is the directional derivative of x, y, z x 2 y 2 z 4 maximum?
Also find the magnitude of this maximum. Ans: 96(𝑖̂ + 3𝑗̂ − 3𝑘̂ ); 96√19
7. Find the values of the constants a, b and c so that the directional derivative of
f axy 2 byz cz 3 x3 at 1, 2 , 1 has a maximum of magnitude 64 in a direction parallel to the
16 64 64
z -axis. Ans: 𝑎 = ,𝑏 = ,𝑐 =
3 3 9
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B.M.S. COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, BENGALURU – 560 0 19
Autonomous college, affiliated to VTU
DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS
b. . 2 x 2 ziˆ xy 2 zjˆ 3 yz 2 kˆ at the point 1,1,1 .
c. . e sin x cos z iˆ e sin y cos z ˆj z e kˆ .
y x 2 z
divergences. Find the curl of the above vector which has zero divergence.
Ans: a 2 , 4 x z xy i y 2 yz 4 xy 2 j 2 x 2 2 y 2 z 2 z k .
n
7. If r xi y j zk and r r , show that r r is solenoidal for n 3 and irrotational for all
n.
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Dept. of Maths., BMSCE Unit 2: Vector Calculus
9. Find f , given
a. f 2 xyz 3 ˆi x 2 z 3 ˆj 3x 2 yz 2 kˆ if f 1, 2 , 2 4 .
b. f y 2 2 xyz 3 ˆi 3 2 xy x 2 z 3 ˆj 6 z 3 3x 2 yz 2 kˆ if f 1, 0 ,1 8 .
c. f 2 xiˆ 4 yjˆ 8 zkˆ .
1
d. f 2 zyiˆ xzjˆ xykˆ .
z
e. ∇𝑓 = 𝑥𝑦𝑖̂ + 𝑥 2 𝑦𝑗̂
10. A vector field is given by F x 2 y 2 x i 2 yx y j . Show that the field is irrotational and
x3 x2 y 2
find its scalar potential. Ans: xy 2 .
3 2 2
11. A vector field is given by F 6 xy z 3 i 3x 2 z j 3xz 2 y k . Show that the field is
irrotational and find its scalar potential.
12. A fluid motion is given by V y z i z x j x y k . Is this motion irrotational? If so,
find the velocity potential. Ans: Yes. xy yz zx .
13. If F 2 xyz 2 i x 2 z 2 z cos yz j 2 x 2 yz y cos yz k , show that F is a potential field or
conservative field and hence find its scalar potential
14. A vector field is given by F x 2 y 2 x i 2 yx y j . Show that the field is irrotational
x3 x2 y 2
and find its scalar potential. Ans: xy .
2
3 2 2
15. A fluid motion is given by V y z i z x j x y k . Is this motion irrotational? If so,
find the velocity potential. Ans: Yes. xy yz zx .
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