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Chapter 11 Force and Pressure Notes

Chapter 11 discusses the concepts of force and pressure, defining force as the effort needed to change an object's motion or shape, with the SI unit being Newton (N). It explains resultant forces, effects of force, types of forces (contact and non-contact), and introduces pressure as force per unit area with its unit being Pascal (Pa). The chapter also covers factors affecting pressure, properties of liquid pressure, and atmospheric pressure, along with practical applications and examples.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
29 views9 pages

Chapter 11 Force and Pressure Notes

Chapter 11 discusses the concepts of force and pressure, defining force as the effort needed to change an object's motion or shape, with the SI unit being Newton (N). It explains resultant forces, effects of force, types of forces (contact and non-contact), and introduces pressure as force per unit area with its unit being Pascal (Pa). The chapter also covers factors affecting pressure, properties of liquid pressure, and atmospheric pressure, along with practical applications and examples.

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© © All Rights Reserved
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Chapter 11

Force and Pressure


1. What is force? What is S.I. unit of force?
Ans: The effort needed to change the state of motion or change the shape of a body is known as force.
S.I. unit of force is Newton (N).
2. What is the resultant/ net force acting on an object when more than one force acts on it?
Ans: Case 1: Force applied on an object in the same direction adds to one another.
Case 2: If the two forces act in the opposite direction on an object, the net force acting on it is the
difference between the two forces and the object move in the direction of greater force.
Case 3: If two equal forces act on an object in opposite direction then the net force acting on it is
zero.
3. Find the resulting force if 2 forces of 50 N and 60 N act in
a. Same direction
50N+60N=110N
b. Opposite direction:
60 N-50 N= 10N
4. Two engines pull a train in opposite direction. If engine A exerts a force of 6000N and engine B exerts a
force of 8500N, calculate the net force. In which direction will the train move?
Ans: If the two forces act in the opposite direction on an object, the net force acting on it is the
difference between the two forces.
Therefore net force = 8500- 6000= 2500N
The train will move in the direction of engine B.
5. What are the effects of force? Give examples.
Ans: 1) A force can make an object to move from rest.
E. g: Kicking a ball sets a stationary ball in motion.
2) A force can stop a moving body.
E. g: When you catch the ball you stop its motion by exerting a force on it.
3) A force can change the speed of a moving object.
E. g: i) When we apply more force on the pedals of a moving bicycle, it moves faster.
ii) When we push a child in a swing with more force the swing moves faster.
4) A force can change the direction of a moving body.
E. g: i) A batsman can change the direction of a ball by hitting the ball with his bat.
ii) A hockey player can change the direction of ball by striking it with his stick.
5) A force can change the shape of an object.
E. g: i) Stretching a rubber band changes its shape.
ii) Squeezing a toothpaste tube changes its shape.
6. Define contact and Non-contact forces. Give examples.
Ans: i) Contact force: A force that can be applied only when it is in contact with an object is called
contact force. E. g: Muscular force, Frictional force
ii) Non-Contact force: A force that can be applied without any contact between objects is called
Non-contact force. E. g: Magnetic force, Electrostatic force, Gravitational force.
7. Define the following
i) Muscular force: The force resulting due to the action of muscles.
ii) Frictional force: The force which acts at the surface of contact when one body moves or tends to
move on another body is called frictional force. Its direction is always opposite to the direction
of motion.
iii) Magnetic force: The force exerted by magnets on magnetic substances or o another magnet is
called magnetic force.
iv) Electrostatic force: The force exerted by a charged body on another charged or uncharged body
is called electrostatic force.
v) Gravitational force: The force with which earth attracts a body is called gravitational force.
8. Name the type of force involved in the following
a. A horse pulling a cart- Muscular Force
b. A sticker attached to a steel almirah without glue- Magnetic force
c. A coin falling to the ground on slipping form the hand- Gravitational force
d. A plastic comb rubbed in dry hair picking up pieces of paper- Electrostatic force
e. A moving boat coming to rest when rowing is stopped- Frictional force
9. What do you mean by pressure? What is its unit?
Ans: Pressure is the force acting on unit area of a surface.
Force
Pressure=
area
S.I. unit of pressure is N/m2 or Pascal (Pa).
10. On what factors does pressure depend and how?
Ans: The pressure depends on:
i) Force(thrust)
ii) The area on which it acts.
If the area is large, then the pressure experienced is less for the same force.
If the area is small, then the pressure experienced is more for the same force.
11. A force of 400N acts on an area of 4m2.
a) What is the pressure produced?
Force= 400N, Area= 4m2
Force
Pressure=
area
400 N
¿ 2
4m
= 100N/m2
b) What should the pressure be if the same force is acted on double of the area?

Force= 400N
Area=4 x 2 m2
= 8m2
400 N
Pressure= 2
8m
= 50N/m2
12. Give reasons:
i) A camel can walk easily on sand.
A camel has broad and padded feet which increase the area of contact with sand. This reduces
the pressure exerted and prevents it from sinking.

ii) Porters place a round piece of cloth on their heads when they carry heavy loads.
Ans: By doing this the porters increase the area of contact of the load on their head. So pressure on their
head is reduced and they find it easier to carry the load.
13. Write down the properties of liquid pressure.
Ans: i) Liquid exerts pressure in all directions.
ii) They exert equal pressure at the same depth.
iii) Liquid pressure increases with depth.
14. On what factors does liquid pressure depend?
Ans: It depends on the height of column and density.
15. What is atmospheric pressure?
Ans: The pressure exerted by the atmosphere is known as atmospheric pressure.
16. Why is it difficult to pull out a rubber suction cup once it is pressed to a surface?
Ans: When you press the sucker, most of the air between its cup and the surface escapes out. The
sucker sticks to the surface because the pressure of atmosphere acts on it. To pull the sucker off the
surface, the applied force should be large enough to overcome the atmospheric pressure.

ASSIGNMENT
1. Calculate the pressure exerted by a force of 700N on an area of 9m2.
2. Calculate area of contact, if the force exerted on an object is 120N and the pressure on it is 40 Pa.
3. Give reasons:
i. Tools are meant for cutting and piercing have sharp edges.
ii. It is more comfortable to carry school bags with wide strap than thin strap.
4. How is it possible to suck up a lemon soda through a straw?
5. Why does a fountain pen start leak at higher altitudes?
WORKSHEET-1
IDENTIFY THE TYPE OF FORCE
1 An apple falls from a tree branch

2 A person uses a rope to pull a friend on a sled

3 A magnet holds a picture on a fridge

4 A person pulls a bow back and shoots the arrow

5 A sock is stuck to a sweater as it comes out of


the dryer

6 When a person stops pedaling, the bicycle


slows down

7 A meteor travelling through space moves faster


and faster as it approaches Earth

8 Your hands become warmer as you vigorously


rub them together

9 Rivers flow downward

10 When combing your hair, you notice hairs move


outward from your head toward the comb

WORKSHEET - 2

I. OBJECTIVE TYPE QUESTIONS


1. What is state of motion?
A. Position of rest B. Position of motion C. Both the state of rest or motion
D. None of these
2. When does a body float on water?
A. When no force is acting on it.
B. When the net force acting on the body is zero.
C. When there is a gravitational pull.
D. When there is friction between body and water.
3. Observe the following figure.
Volume of water in each level is shown above. Arrange them in the order of decreasing
pressure at the base of each vessel.
A. B>D>A>C B. D>B>A>C C. A>B>C>D
D. C>B>A>D
4. A deep sea diver’s ears get hurt when he is inside the water.What’s the cause for it?
A. Lack of oxygen. B. Decrease in atmospheric pressure.
C. Increase in water pressure. D. All of the above.

5. The pressure produced by 20N force on a floor measuring 1m wide and 4m long is
A. 5Pa B. 80Pa C. 24Pa D. 10Pa

II. ASSERTION AND REASONING


1. Assertion(A): The weight of atmosphere exerts a pressure on the surface of the earth.
Reason(R): When we go upwards, the magnitude of atmospheric pressure decrease
gradually.
A. Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation for A.
B. Both A and R are correct but R is not the correct explanation for A.
C. A is true but R is false.
D. A is false but R is true.
2. Assertion (A): The gravitational force makes the earth move around the sun and also makes
the moon go around the earth.
Reason (R): Every objects in the universe exert a force on other objects.
A. Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation for A.
B. Both A and R are correct but R is not the correct explanation for A.
C. A is true but R is false.
D. A is false but R is true.
3. Assertion (A): Raindrops falls to the ground due to gravitational force.
Reason (R): Gravitational force is a contact force.
A. Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation for A.
B. Both A and R are correct but R is not the correct explanation for A.
C. A is true but R is false.
D. A is false but R is true.
III. ANSWER THE FOLLOWING
1. Compare the actions in the following figure and explain what happens in both cases and
why?

Ans: It is easier to hammer the nail as nail is having pointed end. Because when area is less
pressure applied will be more.
2. Why do Magdeburg hemispheres stick together?
Ans: This is due to the fact that since there is no air inside or a vacuum is created, the
atmospheric pressure acting over the whole surface of the hemispheres from outside presses
them very hard and does not allow them to be separate.
3. Two persons are applying forces to the two opposite sides of a moving cart. The cart still
moves with the same speed and in the same direction.What do you understand about the
magnitude and direction of the forces applied?
The forces applied is equal in magnitude in the opposite directions. Hence the cart moves in
same speed and direction.

A
B

C
What do the following activities prove
Ans: [A-Liquid exerts pressure on the walls of the container. B- Pressure exerted by the water
at the bottom of the container depends upon the height of the water column. C- Liquid exerts
equal pressure at the same depth.]
IV. CASR STUDY
Read the following passage and answer the questions:
In our daily life, we perform or observe activities such as opening or shutting a door, lifting or
pushing a weight, squeezing a bottle of ketchup, cutting vegetables, and making different
shapes with clay. All these activities require us to apply some kind of push or pull. A push or
pull is also used to hit the striker in a game of carom, kick a football, catch a ball, etc., A push
or pull that tends to affect an object in some way is called a force and a force arises only when
two objects interact. Force has magnitude as well as direction. Force can make a stationary
object move, change the shape, increase or decrease the speed of the object, change the
direction or even bring a moving object to rest.
a. What is force?
[The effort needed to change the state of motion or change the shape of the body is known as
force.]
b. How does an applied force changes the speed of an object? (If the applied force is in the
direction of motion, the speed of the object increases. But if the force is applied in the direction
opposite to the motion, then it decreases the speed of the object.)
c. In the following situations. State the effect of the force in each case.
(i) Squeezing a piece of lemon between the fingers to extract its juice. (Change in shape).
(ii) Catching a ball (Change in state of motion).
(iii) A load suspended from a spring while its other end is on a hook fixed to a wall. (Change in
shape).
(iv) An athlete making a high jump to clear the bar at a certain height. (Change in state of
motion).

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