CHAPTER Statistics [Mcasurea of central Tendaney| Mean, Median] Mode Methods to find mean, median, mode a ~%s Step Deviation “ method, For Short cut (wpe intno J deta For ungroup Data Grouped Mathematies-XKEY POINTS: 1. Mean (x) (a) For raw data, X sum of observations & * “number of observations (b) For Grouped data (i) For small calculation, we apply Direet method LAs LS (ii) If calculations are tedius or observations are large, then we apply short cut/ Assumed Mean method or step Devi Short cut/Assumed Mean Method _ Eid, ame a> SEF a assumed mean jon method Step Deviation Method 4 “We A class size 2. Median (a) For ungrouped data, we first arrange data in ascending or descending order. +1 i Count number of times say ‘n’. If mis odd, then Median = () observation If n is even, then Median = \ 2 obsevation Mathematics-X. —(b) For grouped data Median fi= So (3) Mode =/ + ot (For grouped data) For ungrouped data mode is the most frequent observation, NOTES: 1. om Empirical relationship between three measures of central tendency: mode = 3 median ~ 2 mean. If class interval is discontinuous, then make it continuous by subtracting 0.5 from Lower Limit and adding 0.5 to upper | Upper Limit + Lower Limit ass mark = 7 h= class size = Upper Limit — Lower limit Modal class —> A class interval having maximum frequency. Median class > A class interval is which cumulative frequency is greater than A and nearest to 5 ( xf) Imean of x1, xy, «5%, is = then (a) Mean of kx, kx, mx Mean of “1, “2 (b) Mei ok (©) Mean of x, + kx +h, « (d) Mean of x, —k, xk, ak, this ¥ +k mo kis ¥ —k If mean of n, observation is ¥ , and mean of n, observation is ¥ then their combined nF tm % Mean = Tony Mathematics-X.10. Uxj=n¥ 11. Range = Highest observation — Lowest observation VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS 1, Whatiis the mean of first 12 prime numbers? 2. The mean of 20 numbers is 18. If 2 is added to each number, then what is the new mean? 3. The mean of 5 observations 3, 5, 7, x and 11 is 7, find the value of x. 4. What is the median of first 5 natural numbers? 5. What is the value of x, if the median of the following data is 27.5? 24, 25, 26, x +2,x+3, 30, 33, 37 6. What is the mode of the observations 5, 7, 8, 5, 7, 6, 9, 5, 10, 6? 7. The mean and mode of a data are 24 and 12 respectively. Find the median 8. Write the class mark of the class 19.5 — 29.5 9. Multiple Choice Question (i) Ifthe class intervals of a frequency distribution are 1 - 10, 11-20, 21-30, 51-60, then the size of each class is: (a9 (b) 10 @u (@ 55 (ii) If the class intervals ofa frequency distribution are 1 ~ 10, 11~20, 21 ~30....., 61 —70, Then the upper limit of 21 — 30 is: (a) 21 (b) 30 (©) 30.5 (@) 20.5 (iii) Consider the frequency distribution. Class 0-5] 6-11] 12-17] 18-23 | 24-29 Frequene 13 | 10 15 8 in The upper limit of median class is : (a) 17 () 175 © 18 (@) 18.5 (iv) Daily wages of a factory workers are recorded as: {Daily wages (in ®) | 121 — 126 |127— 132 [133-138 139 — 144 [145 - 150 [ No. of workers 3 Pl 2 | 18 2 The lower limit of Modal class is: (a) 8127) F126 (e) & 126.50 (@) %133 Mathematics-X.w) (vi) 10. i 12. 13. 14. 15. For the following distribution Class 0-5 | 5-10] 10-15 | 15-20 | 20-25 Frequency 10 15 12 20 9 The sum of Lower limits of the median class and modal class is:(CBSE 2020) (a) 15 (b) 25 (©) 30 (d) 35 The median and mode respectively of a frequency distribution are 26 and 29. Then, its mean is (CBSE 2020) (a) 27.5 (b) 24.5 (© 284 @) 258 Find the class-marks of the classes 10-25 and 35-55. (CBSE 2020) SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS (I) The mean of 11 observation is 50. If the mean of first Six observations is 49 and that of last six observation is 52, then find sixth observation. Find the mean of following distribution: x | 12 | 16 | 20 | 24 | 28 | 32 fis {f[7{[s fs Find the median of the following distribution: x [10 [12 | 4 [16 [18 | 20 713 [3 [6 4 ]4]3 Find the mode of the following frequency distribution: v Class 0-5 | 5-10 | 10-15 | 15-20) 20-25| 25-30 Frequency | 2 [| 7 | 18 | 10 | 8 5 Convert the following deistribution in frequency distribution No. of students 66 82 92 100 Mathematics-X16. Write the following data into less than cummulative frequency distribution table Marks 0-10 | 10-20] 20-30] 30-40 | 40-50 No. of students 7 9 6 8 10 17. Find mode of the following frequency distribution Class Interval | 25—30 | 30—35[35—40] 40-45] 45-50] 50-55 Frequency 25 34 | 50 42 | 38 14 (CBSE 2018 - 19) 18. What is the median of the following data? (CBSE 2011) x 10 | 20 30 | 40 | 50 f 2 3 2 3 1 19. Mean of a frequency distribution (=) is 45. If ¥/, = 20 then find ¥Y,x, (CBSE 2011) 20. Find the mean of the following distribution (CBSE 2020) Class s | s-7]7-9 | 9-ju-13 Frequency 5 10 | 10 1 8 21. Find the mode of the following data (CBSE 2020) Class 020 |20—40 | 40— 60 | 60— 80 | 80 — 100 | 100 — 120 | 120-140 Frequency 6 8 10 12 6 5 3 22. Compute the mode for the following frequency distribution: (CBSE 2020) Size ofitems] 0-4 | 4—8 | 8-12 [12-16] 16-20 | 20-24 [24-28 (in em) Frequency | 5 7 9 7 12 10 6 SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS (II) 23. Ifthe mean of the following distribution is 54, then find the value of P. Class 0-20 | 20-40 | 40-60 | 60-80 | 80-100 Frequency 7 Pp 10 9 | B Mathematics-X ep24, 25. 26. 27. 28. Find the median of the following frequency distributio 4 2 The median of following frequency distribution is 24 years, Find the missing 30-40 | 40-50) 18 7 Find the median of the following data: Below 10 | Below 20 Below 40 | below 50] Below 60 33 40 Find the mean weight of the following data: 45-50 | 50-55 | 55-60 INo. of Students Find the mode of the following data: [Height (In em) |Above 30 [Above 60 [Above 70 [Above 80] 19. 8 2 29, The following table represent marks obtained by 100 students in a test: 30. 50 ~ 55] 55 — 60] 60 — 65 Is 8 3 Find mean marks of the students. mean pocket allowance is € 18, Find the missing frequency. 1113 ]13—15 [15-17 allowance (in 8) (CBSE 2018 -19) The following table represent pocket allowance of children of a colony. The 19 —21]21 — 23] 23 25 k 5 4 (CBSE - 2018) Mathematics-X.31. 32. 33. 34. 38. 36. 37. Find mode of the following frequency distribution: Class Interval_| 0-20] 20-40 | 40-60 | 60-80 | 80-100| No. of Students | 15 18 21 29 17 The mean of above distribution is 53. Use Empirical formula to find approximate value of median LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS The mean of the following data is 53, Find the values of f, and f ci] 0-20 | 20-40 | 40-60 | 60-80] 80-100] Total f 15 fi 21 fh 7 100 the median of the distribution given below is 28.5, find the values of x and y. c1_| 0-10 | 10-20 | 20-30 | 30-40 | 40-so | so-60 | Total f 5 8 x 15 y 5 60 The median of the following distribution is 35, find the values of a and b. C1 _| 0-10 | 10-20 | 20-30 | 30-40 | 40-50 | 50-60 | 60-70 | Total f {10 | 20 a 40 b 25 15 170 Find the mean, median and mode of the following data: C1 | 1-15] 16-20 | 21-25 | 26-30| 31-35 | 36-40] 41-45 | 46-50 f 2 3 6 7 14 12 4 2 The rainfall recorded in a city for 60 days is given in the following table: Raifall (incm) | 0-10 | 10-20 | 20-30 | 30-40 | 40-50 | 50-60 No. of Days 16 10 8 15 5 6 Calulate the median rainfall. Find the mean of the following distribution by step- deviation method: Daily Expenditure | 100-150 | 150-200 | 200-250) 250-300] 300-350) (ind) No. ofHouscholds| 4 5 12 2 2 Mathematics-X.38, The distribution given below show the marks of 100 students of a class: Marks 0-5 | 5-10 | 10-15 | 15-20 ] 20-25 | 25-30 | 30-35 | 35-40 Noof | 4] 6 10 10 25 22 18 5 Students Find the median marks of the above distribution. 39. The annual profit earned by 30 factories in an industrial area is given below: No. of Factories Profit (& in lakh) More than or equal to 5 30 More than or equal to 10 28 More than or equal to 15 16 ‘More than or equal to 20 14 More than or equal to 25 10 More than or equal to 30 1 More than or equal to 35 3 More than or equal to 40 0 Find the median of the above data. 40. Find the mean and median of the following distribution: (CBSE 2018 -19) Class Interval BO — 40 | 40-50 | 50-60] 60-70 [70-80 | 80 —90]90 — 100 Frequeney | 7 5 8 10 6 6 8 41. Ifmean of the given distribution is 65.6, then find the missing frequencies (CBSE 2017) Classinterval] 10-30] 30-50 | s0-70| 70-90 | 90-11o|to~130[ Taal Frequency 5 8 f 20 2 50 Jo | ff | 42. The mode of the frequency distribution is 36. Find the missing frequency (/). (CBSE 2020) Chass 0-10 | 10-20} 20-30] 30-40 | 40-50 ]50-60 [60— 70 Frequency | 8 10 7 16 2 | 6 7 Mathematics-X43. 44. 45. The mean of the following frequency distribution is 18. The frequency f in the class interval 19-21 is missing. Determine f. (CBSE 2020) ClassInterval] 11-13 | 13-15] 15-17] 17-19 | 19-21 23-25 Frequency 6 9 B f 4 The following table gives production yield per hectare of wheat of 100 farms of a village Production Yield | 40-45 | 45-50 | 50-55 | 55-60 | 60-55 65-70 Frequeney 4 6 16 20 30 4 Find the mode of the above data. Find the unknown entries a, b, c, d, e, fin the following distribution of heights of students in a class: Height (inem) [150-155 | 155-160 | 160-165 | 165-170 | 170-175 | 175-180 Frequency 2 b 10 a e 2 ‘Cummulative a 5 © 8 8 ¢ Frequency Find the mode of the above data ANSWERS AND HINTS 10. 1. 16.4 approx. 2. 20 3.9 4.3 5. x=25 6.5 7. Median = 20 8. 24.5 9. (i) _b First make intervals continuous, Then find class size) (i) ¢ (iii) b (ye Modal class 15 — 20 ©) ) Median class 10-15 (wid 17.5 and 45 Mathematies-X1. 13, 15. 16. 17. 56 12. 20 4 14, 12.89 approx. Marks No. of students 20-30 4 30-40 12 40-50 4 50-60 16 60-70 20 70-80 16 80-90 10 90-100 8 Marks No. of students less than 10 7 less than 20 16 less than 30 22 less than 40 30 less than SO 40 Class Interval Frequency 25-30 25 30-35 34=f, 3540 50=f, 40-45 42=f, 45-50 38 50~55 14 Mathematics-X.18, 19. 20. 22. 24. 26. 28. 29. © Qf - (ih), a) = 35 +3.33 = 38.33 approx. (50-34) =35+ (90-34-42) 16x5 24 X 10 20 30 40 50 Total N=11 (odd) Median = (* > ! J observation = 6th observation = 30 z- FM sy 4s- 2a i > 3fx, = 900 815 21. 65 14.46 em 23. 11 27 28, 25 30 27. 46 63.75.em Mark a d, 4 t fi; 30-35 | 325 15 -3 14 -42 35-40 | 375 -10 -2 16 -32 40-45 | 42.5 -5 -1 28 -28 45-50 | 475=a | 0 0 2B 0 50-55 | 52.5 5 1 18 18 35-60 | 57.5 10 2 8 16 60-65 | 625 15 3 3 9 110 -59 Mathematics-XBit 59 ¥ =at yh = 47.5 — ——x5 = 47.5 2.68 =44.82 10 30, (Make Table just like Q. 29) shy ¥ wat Lh xn fi (k-8) 5 40+k 2k-16=0 k=8 18=18+ (fi-f) “Qh-f~h) (9-21) = 60* x29-21-17) 31. Mode = xh 0 = 68 Mode = 6 Median - 2 mean 3 Median — 2 53 68 +106 3 Median = 58 32. f,=18,f,=29 33. x=20,y=7 34. a=35,b=25 38. Mean =32, median = 33, mode = 34.39 approx, = Median 36. Median=25 em 37. Mean=% 211 38. Median=24 39, Median =% 17.5 lakhs. 40. Mean = 65.6, Median = 65 Mathematics-X41. CA fi | x» | I; 10-30 5 20 100 30-50 8 40 320 50-70 f 60 60, 70-90 20 80 1600 90-110 5 100 Loot, 0-130 2 120 240 B+hth 2260 + 60 f, + 100 f, 35+ h+h=50 = fth=15 a) Bfixi Bf 2260+ 60 f, +100 65,6 — 2260* 60.4 +100 fo 30 Bf t 5-51 Q Solve (1) &(2) = 12.473 42. f=10 43. f=8 44, Mode = 63.125 48. a=12,b=13,¢ 5, d=8,e=5,f=50 Mathematies-XPRACTICE-TES Stat Time : 45 Minutes MM. : 20 SECTION-A Find the mean of first 10 natural numbers. 1 The range of the data 14, 27, 29, 61,45,15, 9,18 is 1 (a) 61 (b) 52 47 (@) 53 In a continuous frequency distribution, the median of the data is 24. If each item is increased by 2, then find the new median. 1 For a frequency distribution, mean, median and mode are connected by the relation. 1 (a) mode=3 mean—2median —_(b) mode = 2 median ~3mean (©) mode =3 median -2mean (d) mode = 3 median + 2 mean SECTION-B The mean of 10 observations is 42. If each observation in the data is decreased by 12, then find the new mean of the data. 2 The mean of 10 numbers is 15 and that of another 20 number is 24.Find the mean of all 30 observations. 2 The mileage (km per litre) of 50 cars of the same model was tested by a manufacturer and details are tabulated as given below: 2 Mileage (in km//) 10-12 12-14 14-16 16-18 No. of cars 7 12, 18 13, Find the mean mileage. SECTION-C Life time of 400 fans are given in the following frequency distribution table: Life time _| 2000-2400 | 2400-2800] 2800-3200 | 3200-3600 [3600-4000 No.of fans| 5 15 20 23 17 Find the median number of fans. 3 Mathematics-X —9, The mode of the following data is 36. Find the value of x. 3 Class _|o-10 | 10-20 | 20-30 | 30-40 | 40-50 | 50-60 | 60-70 Frequency| 8 10 x 16 ml 6[7 SECTIO! 10. The median of the following data is 28. Find the values of x and y, if the total frequency is 50. 4 Marks 0-7 7-14 14-21 21-28 28-35 | 35-42 |42-49 No.of | 3 x 7 y | 16 | 9 Mathematics-XSTATIS ICS 25. India meteorological department observes seasonal and annual rainfall every year in different sub-divisions of our country. It helps them to compare and analyse the result. The table given below shows sub -division wise seasonal (monsoon rainfall in mm) in 2018: Rainfall (in mm) 200 - 400 400 — 600 600 - 800 800 - 1000 1000 ~ 1200 1200 - 1400 1400 — 1600 1600 ~ 1800 Based on the above information answer the following questions: 2 4 7 4 2 (i) Write the modal class (ii) Find the median of the given data. (iii) Find the average rainfall in this season OR If sub-division having atleast 1000mm rainfall during monsoon season, is considered good rainfall sub division-, then how many sub divisions had good rainfall? Mathematics-X —26. The men's 200 m race event at the 2020 Tokyo Olympic took place on 3rd and 4th August. A stopwatch was used to find the time taken by a group of Athletes torun200 m, Time (in seconds) | 0-20 20-40 40-60 60-80 80-100 No. of Athletes | & 10 B 6 Based on the above information answer the following questions: (i) Number of athletes who finished the (a) 10) 8 Ou @ B (ii) Average of lower limits of median class and modal class is : (a) 30 (b) 50 @) 60d) 40 (iii) Find the mean time taken by a athlete to finish the race. e Within 1 min: (iv) Find the mode of the above data. Mathematies-X.