MID-TERM Schramm modified Shannon-weaver model by

adding field of experience, defined as “life

experience, attitudes, values, and beliefs that
each communicator brings to an interaction
and that shape how messages are sent and
*Media and communication*
received.”
COMMUNICATION AND MEDIA
Communication refers to the process of
conveying or sharing information. Since then,
it is often described as a natural ability of an Known as the mother of all communication
individual to socialize with others. In the 21 st models, the Shannon-weaver model (1949)
century world, communication has become depicts communication as a linear or one-way
“more social” due to the emergence of process consisting of the five elements: a
technology. Media are defined as sources of transmitter (encoder of message into signals;
credible and current information created and a destination. This model has been
through an editorial process determined by originally intended to show radio and
journalistic values. telephone technology function. In 1960, David berlo postulated berlo’s Sender-
To the extent that media become an important Message-Channel-Receiver (SMCR) Model of
part of every society’s communication system, communication from Shannon weaver’s model
their institutional make-up can mesh with a OSGOOD-SCHRAMM MODEL OF of communication (1949). He described factors
variety of non-media information provides, COMMUNICATION (1954) affecting the individual components in the
such as libraries, museums, archives, internet communication making the communication
information providers, other information more efficient.
organizations and citizens who produce their
own content.

The Schramm model of communication (1954),

which seeks to explain how meaning is
transferred between individuals, corporation,
and others, is the most commonly taught and
widely used theory of communication,
Aristotle(384-322 B.C) was a Greek - Any information or anything the *Conversation, Public Speaking, Images, Music
philosopher and writer in stagira, Northen speaker/sender wants to communicate Videos, etc.
Greece. While exploring the human nature by using a medium.
EXAMPLE OF COMMUNICATION CHANNEL:
scientifically, developed a linear
MEDIUM
communication. This is considered as the *Phone calls, Emails, Video Conferencing, Text
model of communication and was proposed - Is the form in which the messages, etc.
before 300 B.C. It is also the most widely speaker/sender conveys the message.
ENCODING
accepted among all communication models. A system or channel through which a
speaker or writer addresses their - The process of converting the messages
audience. It's an outlet that a sender into words, actions or other forms that
*Elements of Communication* uses to express meaning to their the speaker understands.
COMMUNICATION - is the way we audience, and it can include written,
LISTENER/RECEIVER
verbal or nonverbal elements.
exchange our thoughts, ideas and points - The recipient or the one who receive
of view with others through a common the message.

system of symbols, signs, or behavior. FEEDBACK

CHANNEL
Different Components/Elements of - Is the receiver’s reaction or response
communication influence the interaction - Is the method or means of sending or
CONTEXT
between two or more people. Once you expressing the messages.
understand these components/elements of - Is the situation or environment where
communication, you'll be able to communication takes place.
communicate effectively. You can master DIFFERENCE BETWEEN MEDIUM AND
BARRIER
effective communication by understanding CHANNEL:
these different elements of the - The factors that affect the flow of
communication cycle. Medium serves as the Means of communication. (It can be Noise).
communication, while Channel refers to the
SPEAKER DECODING
Means of Transmission of the message
- Also known as the SENDER. The source between a sender and a receiver (or - The process of interpreting the
of information or message. audience)... Hence, Medium is a broader term encoded message of the speaker by the
including appropriate Channel to succeed. receiver.
MESSAGE Nowadays, with communication
EXAMPLE OF COMMUNICATION MEDIUM:
becomes highly technological, flow of
 information dissemination increased its communicate with each other and *Intro to Media and Info Literary*
effectivity. make informed decisions
2. Facilitate informed debates between MIL STANDS FOR MEDIA AND INFORMATION
diverse social actors LITERACY, AND REFERS TO THE ESSENTIAL
Based on the image, communication 3. Provide us with much of what we learn COMPETENCIES AND SKILLS THAT ALLOW
about the world beyond our immediate CITIZENS TO ENGAGE WITH OTHER
becomes more productive and interactive INFORMATION PROVIDERS EFFECTIVELY AND
experience
due to media and information. Message 4. Are means by which a society learns DEVELOP CRITICAL THINKING AND LIFE-LONG
about itself and build a sense of LEARNING SKILLS TO SOCIALIZE AND BECOME
was shared through variety of social ACTIVE CITIZENS.
community
media accounts and is shared by a number 5. Function as a watchdog of government
in all its forms, promoting transparency
of people proving how influential media in MEDIA
in public life and public scrutiny of
the communication process. those with power through exposing - REFERS TO THE COMBINATION OF
corruption, maladministration and PHYSICAL OBJECTS USED TO
Media and Information Literacy recognizes the
corporate wrong-doing COMMUNICATE OR MASS
primary role of information and media in our
6. Are essential facilitators of democratic COMMUNICATION THROUGH PHYSICAL
everyday lives. It lies at the core of freedom of
processes and one of the guarantors of OBJECTS SUCH AS RADIO, TELEVISION,
expression and information- since it
free and fair elections COMPITERS, OR FILM, ETC.
empowers citizens to understand the
7. Are a vehicle for cultural expression - ARE A SOURCE OF CREDIBLE
functions of media and other information
and cultural cohesion within and INFORMATION IN WHICH CONTENTS
providers, to critically evaluate their content,
between nations; and ARE PROVIDED THROUGH AN
and to make informed decisions as users and
8. Function as an advocate and social EDITORIAL PROCESS DETERMINED BY
producer of information and media content.
actor in its own right while respecting JOURNALISTIC VALUES AND
pluralistic values. THEREFORE EDITORIAL
So how communication is affected by media ACCOUNTABILITY CAN BE ATTRIBUTED
and information? TO AN ORGANIZATION OR A LEGAL
PERSON
Let us take a look on the multiple roles of
media in the society… MEDIA SERVES AS A CHANNEL IN
COMMUNICATION
1. Act as channels of information and
knowledge through which citizens
MEDIA AND OTHER INFORMATION PROVDERS - REFERS TO THE ACT OR PROCESS OF - THE ABILITY TO USE DIGITAL
PLAY A CENTRAL ROLE IN INFORMATION AND USING WORDS, SOUND, SIGNS, OR TECHNOLOGY, COMMUNICATION
COMMUNICATION PROCESSES. NOWADATS, BEHAVIORS TO EXPRESS OR EXCHANGE TOOLS OR NETWORKS TO LOCATE
MEDIA BECOME THE COMMON OUTLET OF INFORMATION OR TO EXPRESS YOUR EVALUATE, USE AND CREATE
WELL-EXPRESSION AND CREATIVITY. IDEAS, THOUGHTS FEELINGS, ETC., TO INFORMATION
SOMEONE ELSE - ALSO REFERS TO EH ABILITY TO
UNDERSTAND AND USE INFORMATION
IN MULTIPLE FORMATS FROM A WIDE
MEDIA LITERACY RANGE OF SOURCES WHEN IT IS
INFORMATION
PRESENTED VIA COMPUTERS AND TO A
- THE ABILITY TO DECODE, ANALYZES,
- REFERS TO THE PROCESSED DATA, PERSON’S ABILITY TO PERFORM TASK
EVALUATE AND PRODUCE
KNOWLEDGE FROM A STUDY, EFFECTIVELY IN A DIGITAL
COMMUNICATION IN A VARIETY OF
EXPERIENCE, INSTRUCTION AND ENVIRONMENT
FORMS
SUMBOL - IT INCLUDES THE ABILITY TO READ AND
- IT AIMS TO EMPOWER CITIZENS BY
INTERPRET MEDIA TO REPRODUCE
PROVIDING THEM WITH THE
SATA AND IMAGES THROUGH DIGITAL
COMPETENCIES (KNOWLEDGE AND
LITERACY MANIPULATION AND TO EVALUATE
SKILLS) NECESSARY TO ENGAGE WITH
AND APPLY NEW KNOWLEDGE GAINED
- THE ABILITY TO IDENTIFY, TRADITIONAL MEDIA ANG NEW
FROM DIGITAL ENVIRONMENTS
UNDERSTAND, INTERPRET, CREATE, TECHNOLOGY
COMMUNICATE, USING PRINTED AND ACCESSING INFORMATION FROM MEDIA
WRITTEN MATERIALS ASSOCIATED REQUIRES AMPLE KNOWLEDGE; BEING
WITH VARYING CONTEXTS. INFORMATION LITERACY LITERATE WITH MEDIA USE WILL BE OF GREAT
- INVOLVES A CONTANINUUM OF BENEFIT TO EVERYONE
- REFERS TO THE ABILITIES TO
LEARNING, WHEREIN INDIVIDUALS ARE
RECOGNIZE WHEN INFORMATION IS
ABLE TO ACHIEVE THEIR GOALS,
NEEDED AND TO LOCATE, EVALUATE
DEVELOP THEIR KNOWLEDGE AND
POTENTIAL, AND PARTICIPATE FULLY IN
EFFECTIVELY USE, AND COMMUNICATE *Responsible Use of Media and
INFORMATION IN IT’S VARIOUS
THEIR COMMUNITY AND WIDER Info*
FORMATS
SOCIETY.
KEY PRINCIPLES WITH ELEMENTS OF DIGITAL
-
CITIZENSHIP
COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY (DIGITAL) LITERACY
RESPECT YOURSELF/ RESPECT OTHERS
  DIGITAL ETIQUETTE - HAVING FULL ACCESS TO TECHNOLOGY THOSE FREEDOMS EXTENDED TO EVERYONE
 DIGITAL ACCESS REQUIRES CONTINUOUSLY IN A DIGITAL WORLD
 DIGITAL LAW DEVELOPING NORMS OF
8. DIGITAL SAFETY (SECURITY)
APPROPRIATE, RESPONSIBLE, AND
EMPOWERED TECHNOLY USE . ELECTRONIC PRECAUTIONS TO GUARANTEE
EDUCATE YOURSELF/ CONNECT WITH OTHERS
SAFETY
 DIGITAL LITERACY
9 ELEMENTS OF DIGITAL CITIZENSHIP 9. DIGITAL HEALTH AND WELFARE
 DIGITAL COMMUNICATION
 DIGITAL COMMERCE 1. DIGITAL ETIQUATTE PHYSICAL & PSYCHOLOGICAL WELL-BEING IN
DIGITAL WORLD
PROTECT YOURSELF/ PROTECT OTHERS ELECTRONIC STANDARDS OF CONDUCT OR
 DIGITAL RIGHTS AND RESPONSIBILITY PROCEDURE
 DIGITAL SAFETY MY RESPONSIBILITY AS A MEDIA CONSUMER
2. DIGITAL ACCESS
 DIGITAL HEALTH AND WELFARE
-WHO CREATED THIS MESSAGE?
FULL ELECTRONIC PARTICIPATION IN SOCIETY
WE DEFINED DIGITAL LITERACY/ TECHNOLOGY
-WHAT CREATIVE TECHNIQUES ARE USED TO
LITERACY AS THE ABILITY OF AN INDIVIDUAL, 3. DIGITAL LAW
ATTRACT MY ATTENTION?
ETHIER WORKING INDEPENDENTLY OR WITH
ELECTRONIC RESPONSIBILITY FOR ACTIONS
OTHERS, TO RESPONSIBLY, APPROPRIATELY , -HOW MIGHT OTHER PEOPLE UNDERTAND
AND EFFECTIVELY USE TECHNOLOGICAL AND DEEDS THIS MESSAGE DIFFERENTY THAN ME?
TOOLS.
4. DIGITAL LITERACY -WHAT VALUES, LIFESTYLE, ANG POINTS OF
TEACHING AND LEARNING ABOUT VIEW ARE REPRESENTED IN , OR OMITTED
DIGITAL ACCESS
TECHNOLOGY AND ITS USE FROM, THIS MESSAGE
- REFERS TO THE ABILITY TO FULLY
5. DIGITAL COMMUNICATION -WHY IS THIS MESSAGE BEING SENT?
PARTICIPATE IN DIGITAL SOCIETY.
ELECTRONIC EXCHANGE OF INFORMATION
6. DIGITAL COMMERCE MY RESPONSIBILITY AS A MEDIA CONSUMER
ELECTRONIC BUYING AND SELLING OF GOODS -GIVE CREDIT WHERE CREDIT IS DUE
DIGITAL CITIZENSHIP
7. DIGITAL RIGHTS AND RESPONSIBILITY -AVOID SHARING RAW AND UNVERIFIED
INFORMATION INTERNET. easier to adopt and to manipulate.
-THINK ABOUT WHO CAN SEE WHAT YOU The Following are the different
HAVE SHARED
tools that were used in various
-BE OPEN TO LEARNING AND CONSTRUCTIVE
RULES OF NETIQUETE eras in the history of
CRITISMS
- REMEMBER THE HUMAN communication.
-RESPECT OTHER PRIVACY
- KNOW WHERE YOU ARE IN THE
-ALWAYS BE RESPECTFUL DIGITAL SPACE
- ONLINE LIFE REFLECTS REAL LIFE Pre-Industrial Age(Before 1700s)
- RESPECT TIME AND BANDWIDTH
People discovered fire,
DIGITAL CITIZENSHIP ALSO - MAKE YOURSELF LOOK GOOD ONLINE
- SHARE EXPERT KNOWLEDGE developed paper from plants,
INCLUDES DIGITAL ETIQUETTE
- CHECK YOUR OPINIONS AND
and forged weapons and
WHICH PERTAINS TO EMOTIONS
- RESPECT OTHER’S PRIVACY tools with stone, bronze,
ELECTRONIC STANDARDS OF
- DON’T ABUSE YOUR POWER
copper and iron.
CONDUCT OR PROCEDURES - FORGIVE MISTAKES
 Cave paintings(also known as “parietal
AND HAS TO DO WITH THE
art”) are numerous paintings and
PROCESS OF THINKING ABOUT engravings found on cave walls or
ceilings around 38 000 BCE.
OTHERS WHEN USING DIGITAL
DEVICES. *Evolution of Tradition to New
 Clay tablets are used as a writing
Media* medium especially for writing in
WHAT IS NETIQUETTE ? As media and information evolve cuneiform. Cuneiform is one of the
oldest forms of writing. This means of
A SET OF RULES ABOUT THE throughout the history, it provided communication was used for over 3000
PROPER AND POLITE WAY TO people with a better and faster years in 15 different languages

COMMUNICATE WITH OTHER access to information that is

PEOPLE WHEN USING THE
  Papyrus is made from pith of papyrus  Motion picture (also known as film or use of microelectronics with the
plant. It is used in ancient times as movie) is series of still photos on film,
invention of personal computers, mobile
writing surface to designate documents projected in rapid succession onto a
written on its sheets, rolled up to screen by means of light. devices, and wearable technology.
scrolls
Moreover, voice, image, sound and data
SAMUEL MORSE (1791 – 1872) are digitalized. We are now living in the
information age
Industrial Age(1700s-1930s)
EADWEARD MUYBRIDGE
People used the power of steam,
developed machine tools,
Electronic Age (1930s-1980s) Traditional Media
established iron production, and
The invention of the transistor *Media Experience is
the manufacturing of various
ushered in the electronic age. People limited
products (including books
harnessed the power of transistors *one-directional
through the printing press).
that led to the transistor radio, *Sense Receptors used
 Printing Press for mass production(19th
century) electronic circuits, and the early are very specific
- A printing press is typically used for
computers. In this age, long distance
texts. It is a device that applies
pressure to an inked surface resting communication became more New Media
upon a print medium (like paper or
efficient. *Media Experience is
cloth).
more interactive
New Age or Information Age(1900s-2000s) *audiences are more
 Telegraph is used for long-distance
communication by transmitting The Internet paved the way for faster involved and can send
electrical signals over a wire laid
communication and the creation of the feedback simultaneously
between stations.
social network. People advanced the *Integrates all the
aspects of old media newspaper. Although there have been Alfred Harmsworth(later lord north cliffe)
claims by many to be decorated as first develops the first tabloid newspaper, the daily
newspaper like Mixed News in China in mirror, in London.
710, Notizie Scritte, a monthly
*Types of Media* newspaper for which readers pay a
MAGAZINE

Accessing information becomes very much “gazetta”, or a small coin by venetian - A magazine is a periodical publication
convenient in today’s time due to information government in 1556 etc. The world containing a variety of articles,
sources that surrounds us. Information association of newspaper held generally financed by advertising,
sources refer to various means by which “Relation”, as the first newspaper purchased by readers, or both.
information is recorded for use by an published in France in 1605. By this Magazines are typically published
individual and organization. The commonly reckoning the newspapers’ history is weekly, biweekly, monthly, bimonthly
known types of media are print, broadcast, 400 years old. The relation followed a or quarterly, with a date on the cover
and new media. list of newspapers’ from all around the that is later than the date it is actually
world. published. They are often printed in
color on coated paper and are bound
PRINT with a soft cover.
Here is a brief account of some popular
- Media is consist of paper and ink, TYPES OF MAGAZINE
papers:
reproduced in a printing process that is  Art magazines
traditionally mechanical In an article  1621-- In London, the newspaper
 business Magazines
published by ZeePedia.com titled Courante is published.
 computer magazines
“Types of Print Media: Newspaper,  1631– The Gazette, the first French
 Health and fitness magazines
Magazines, Books” newspaper, is founded.
 History magazines
 1639– First American colonial printing
 Inspirational Magazines
press.
 Men’s magazines
 1645– World’s oldest newspaper still in
 Women’s magazines
NEWSPAPERS circulation.
 Luxury magazines
 1690– Public Occurrences is the first
- It took about 150 years from the  News magazines
newspaper published in America when
invention of printing press in the  Online magazines
it appears in Boston.
middle of the 15th century that the  Pulp magazines
 1844– Telegraph is invented.
world witnessed first regular  Pornographic magazines
publication which could be defined as a  Regionals Magazines
 Satirical magazines
  Teen magazines - media are content-organized and
 Consumer magazines distributed in digital platforms (e.g.
TELEVISION
Social media). Another concept that
- The principal source of information and arises with accessing information is the
entertainment for people exposed to transformation of various media into a
mass media. It is believed to be the digital code known as media
most authoritative, influential, exciting convergence.
BOOK medium for reaching very large
audience. It combines visual images,
- is a collection of paper, parchment or Cinema and Video advertising
sound, motion and coluor to achieve
other material with a piece of text
viewer’s empathy. It allows - Cinema is a popular source of
written on them, bound together along
development of creative and entertainment comprising of audience
one edge, usually within covers. Each
imaginative ad messages in a unique from all classes and socio-economic
side of a sheet is called a page and a
way. It is considered intrusive in nature groups of society. Films are watched by
single sheet within a book may be
as the audience have no control over a significant number of people
called a leaf. A book is also a literary
the nature and pace of advertisement. everyday. It involves use in cinema
work or a main division of such a work
halls and video tapes to deliver the ad
books became part of the mass media RADIO
message. Similar to TV, it also
after the printing process was
- is a premier mass medium for users combines sight, sound, color and
invented.
and advertisers. It has a wide spread movement to deliver a creative
reach and delivers the ad message to a message.
BROADCAST large number of people across the
length and breadth of a country.
- media refer to media such as radio and
Commercial broadcasting is undertaken
television that reach target audiences
in major cities even rural areas. It is
using airwaves as the transmission
one of the personal medium and offer
medium. BBA/MANTRA 2019, Internet
selectively, cost efficiency and
published an article titled “Media-
flexibility advantages over the media. - A worldwide medium that provides
Types of Media, Characteristics,
Efficiency of radio ad depends upon the means of exchanging information
Advantages and Disadvantages” that
precision of script, accompanying through a series of interconnected
discussed the following.
sounds and level of distortion. computers. It is a rapidly growing
medium which offers limitless
NEW
advertising opportunities. It involves
 use of world wide wed to showcase a *MEDIA AND INFORMATION • Information exchange is face-to-face
website or e-commerce portal to the
world. It provides a sophisticated
SOURCES* • Information are contain within the border
of the community
graphic user interface to user interface Media and other information providers play a
to users and is accessible to anyone central role in information and communication Indigenous communication refers to transmission
of information through local channels or forms. It
with a computer and broadband processes. Nowadays, media become the common
outlet of self-expression and creativity. Its huge is a means by which culture is preserved, handed
connection. With the existence of
influence spreads speedily across the globe down, and adapted.
various media platforms, information
becomes readily accessible to anyone. I INFORMATION SOURCES Indigenous media and information refer to the
n today’s time, bringing together the original information created by a local group of
Traditional knowledge are reflection of one’s people. This also refers to content about indigenous
old and new form of media is becoming
culture. These information serve as a foundation peoples that may be distributed through dominant
a trend which refers to media
of communication and survival among our forms of media or through forms of communication
convergence.
ancestors way back then. Hence, the term unique to their people group.
Indigenous was associated.
The following are the importance of indigenous
Media convergence Sources of Information media and information.
- is the co-existence of traditional and 1. Indigenous knowledge • Indigenous media and information are highly
new media; the co-existence of print credible because they are near the source and are
2. Library
media, broadcast media, the Internet, seldom circulated for profit.
mobile phones, a well as others, 3. Internet
• Indigenous media are channels for change,
allowing media content to flow across
education, and development because of its direct
various platforms creating a digital access to local channels.
communication environment. Indigenous refers to native; local; originating or
produced naturally in a particular region. Library

Knowledge that is unique to a given culture or - is a place set apart to contain books, periodicals,
society refers to Indigenous knowledge (IK). and other material for reading, viewing, listening,
study of reference, set of rooms, or building where
Indigenous Knowledge
books may be read or borrowed.
• Most often is not written down.
As to its characteristics, libraries are known for
• Oral tradition of communication their reliability, accuracy and value - Libraries of
published books are often considered highly
• Store information in memories reliable, accurate, and valuable.
Library is divided into different sections with their -Users are not allowed to enter this section; they Handbooks are handy reference sources
own functions. Periodical, Archive, Reference, seek the assistance of the library staff or library that provide miscellaneous
Circulation, Filipiniana, Internet section, etc. are assistants. information such as addresses,
some of the sections in the library. telephone numbers, etc.
Library Sections
D. Reference Section Other contain books covering all
A. Circulation Section Reference major field divisions that are
This section houses a collection of extensive
general reference materials, which are intended to Sources reference in nature for
-This section houses and circulates the major library
be consulted for a particular question or query, consultation and information
collection covering the different areas of discipline.
rather than read thoroughly purposes, rather than for
-This section adopts the “open shelf” system, where circulation. the “open shelf
users can go directly to the shelf and choose the Collections: system” is practiced in this
books they would like to browse or use. section. Books are for room use
Dictionaries gives information about words, only.
-All books in this section may be borrowed for spelling, pronunciation, derivation,
overnight use. usage, meaning, syllabication, current
status, synonyms and antonyms,
historical information etc.
B. Filipiniana Section
E. Periodical Section
-The Filipiniana Collection consists of publications Encyclopedia provide background information in all
about the Philippines, in all its aspects-cultural, s fields of knowledge. -This section houses journals, magazines,
political, social, religious, economic, and others newspapers, and other serial literature..
regardless of author and imprints. Geographical are described as tools to provide
Sources information about geography, like the -Collections in this section are for room use
-The collection covers a range of reading materials atlases, maps, gazetteers, and only; bound periodicals maybe borrowed for
designed to meet the instructional and research guidebooks. overnight. Current issues are displayed on the
needs of library users display shelves.

C. Reserve Section Yearbooks are annual compendium of

F. Archive Section
and dates and statistics of a given
-This section houses books, which are in demand Almanacs year, while almanacs are This section houses materials which depict the
and limited in copies. Also, in process books and annual publication of statistics history of the university and researches made
newly acquired books. and other information of the by faculty and staff. Also, accreditation
-It adopts the “close shelf system”. previous years. documents of the University Library.
 - This collection comprised of materials will aid the end-user in locating
pertaining to customs and traditions of the materials in the collection
G. Internet Section
Kalinga people, Cordillera literature and about
5. Preparation: labeling, binding,
This section enables students to have access indigenous peoples.
repairing, conservation, and otherwise
information through the internet.
b. Gender and Development Collection Corner making items ready for (and
maintained during) storage in a
- This collection comprised of materials on
manner that allows for easy retrieval
H. AVR Section women and children.
and maintenance of what is in a
This section provides an audio-visual support c. Knowledge Resource Network-BSP Corner collection
service to facilitate the teaching and learning
- This collection comprised of materials
activities of the university through non-print
pertaining to fundamental economic concepts
collections. Internet
and issues affecting the economic
development of the Philippines. - is a vast computer network linking smaller
computer networks worldwide. It includes
I. E-Library Section
commercial, educational, governmental, and
This section enables students to have access to L. Technical Section other networks, all of which use the same set
e-resources from authorized databases which of communications protocols.
This section is where the processing and
the university has subscribed.
maintenance activities of a library's collection - Information found on the Internet may be
are being done; it involves the following quite varied in form and content. Thus, it is
processes: more difficult to determine its reliability and
J. Law & Graduate Studies Library
accuracy.
1. Identification: locating potentially
This section houses the Law and Graduate
worthwhile items to add to the Skills in determining the reliability of
Studies collection which specifically cater to
collection information.
the Law and GS students.
2. Selection: deciding which of the Check the author
identified items to add to the collection
K. Special Collections:
3. Acquisitions: securing the items for the
a. Kalinga Indigenous Culture and Knowledge collection Check the date of publication or of update
Resource Center & Cordillera Collection
4. Organization: indexing and cataloging
the items acquired in a manner that
 Check for citations indicate the meaning of media
messages to an audience.
*Media and Info Languages (The
Check the domain or owner of the site or Language of Media)*
page Information
THE LANGUAGE OF MEDIA
 Various forms and various ways.
Check the design and the writing style
 Verbs, phrases and sentences. - Media products can be classified according to
 Pictures, images and videos. its categories or genre. Each genre uses codes
and conventions to easily convey a message.
Information Sources
Codes
Skills in determining accurate information.  Means of accessing and sharing
 information. - Codes are systems of signs that when
Look for facts  Indigenous knowledge. put together creates meaning.
 Library and internet. CATEGORIES
Media and Information languages 1. TECHNICAL CODES
 Play a central role in information and 2. SYMBOLIC CODES
Cross-reference with other sources to check
communication process. 3. WRITTEN CODES
for consistency
 Media
 Common outlet of self expression and
creativity. Technical Codes
Determine the reason for writing and Language - Are the ways in which equipment is used to
publishing the information tell the story.
 Method of human communication.
 Spoken or written. -Technical codes include sound, camera angles,
 Use of word in structured and types of shots and lighting. They may include,
Conventional way. for example, ominous music to communicate
Check for advertising
danger in a feature film, or high-angle camera
Media Language shots to create a feeling of power in a
- Are codes, conventions, formats, photograph.
symbols and narrative structure that Symbolic Codes
 - Show what is beneath the surface of – The group of consumers for a whom a media - A legal term used to describe the rights
what we see (ex. Objects, setting, body message was constructed as well as anyone
that creators have over their literary and
language, clothing, color, etc.). else who is exposed to the message.
artistics works.
Written Codes Producers
-refer to the use of language style and textual - People engaged in the process of creating an
layout (headlines, captions, speech bubbles, putting together media content make a Creative commons
language style, etc.) finished media product.
- Is an American non-profit organization
CONVENTION Other stakeholders devoted to expanding the range of creative
works available for others to build upon
- Convention is the genetically accepted - Libraries, archives, museums, internet and
legally and to share.
ways of doing something, a standard or other relevant information providers.
norm that acts as a governing
behaviour.
Fair use
- There are general conventions in any
medium, such as the use of interviewer - The use of copyrighted material without a
quotes in a print article, but *Intellectual Property – sources
license only for certain purposes.
conventions are also specific. not cited*
- Convention is repeated ways of
constructing media works, using codes, DEFINITION OF TERMS
Infringement
over time, have become accepted by
audiences. - Refers to the violation of a law or right.
- Conventions are closely connected to Intellectual Property
the audience expectations of media - Refers to creations of the mind, such as
product Industrial design
inventions; literary and artistic work;
Other concepts related to media language are - Constitutes the ornamental or aesthetic
the following: designs; and symbols, names, and images
aspect of an article.
Messages used in commerce.

– The information sent from a source to a

Patent
reciever. Copyright
- Is an exclusive right granted for an
Audience
invention. the world take into account public and copyright range from books,
development needs.
music, paintings, sculpture and
Plagiarism films, to computer programs,
WHAT IS IT?
- An act or instance of using or closely databases, advertisements,
imitating the language and thoughts of - World Intellectual Property Organization
maps, and technical drawings.
another author without authorization; the (WIPO) defined intellectual property as
representation of that author’ work as one’s creations of the mind, such as inventions,
own, as by not crediting the original author. literary and artistic works; designs; and
REPUBLIC ACT 8293
symbols, names, and images used in
Piracy
commerce. These creations were protected by INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY CODE OF
- The unauthorized reproduction or use of a law for inventors to be recognized and
THE PHILIPPINES
copyrighted book, recording, television provided with financial benefits.
program, patented invention, trademarked
- In the Philippines, to ensure the protection of
production, etc.
one’s work/invention, Republic ACT 8293 also LITERARY WORKS
known as the Intellectual Property Code of
- DURING THE LIFETIME OF THE AUTHOR
The Philippines was created to combat illegal
Trademark PLUS 50 YEARS AFTER DEATH
use and owning or original work without legal
- Is a sign capable of distinguishing the permission. This law covers the following ART
types of Intellectual property:
goods or services of one enterprise from - 25 YEARS FROM THE DATE OF
copyright,patent, trademark, industrial design,
CREATION
those of other enterprises. and geograohical origin.
PHOTOGRAPHIC WORK
- 50 YEARS FROM PUBLICATION
WORLD INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY (WIPO) COPYRIGHT
AUDIO-VISUAL WORK
- Global forums for intellectual property - Is a legal term used to describe
services, policy, information, and cooperation. - 50 YEARS FROM PUBLICATION
the rights that creators have
UN agency is responsible for treaties involving
SOUND RECORDING
copyright, patent, and trademark laws. WIPO over their literary and artistic
can be a free for progressive change, helping - 50 YEARS FROM YEAR RECORDING
works. Works covered by
TOOK PLACE
BROADCASTING RECORDING - IS A SIGN CAPABLE OF DISTINGUISHING - THE WRITER COPIES FROM SEVERAL
THE GOALS OR SERVICES OF ONE DIFFERENT SOURCES, TWEAKING THE
- 20 YEARS FROM DATE OF BROADCAST
ENTERPRICE FROM THOSE OF OTHER SENTENCES TO MAKE THEM FIT
TRADEMARK ENTERPRISES TOGETHER WHILE RETAINING MOST OF
THE ORIGINAL PHRASING
- VALID FOR 10 YEARS AND MAY BE
4. THE POOR DISGUISE
RENEWED FOR A PERIODS OF 10 YEARS
PLAGIARISM IS CLASSIFIED INTO 2 TYPES: - THE WRITER ALTERED THE PAPER’S
INVENTION PATENT APPEARANCE SLIGHTLY BY CHANGING
1. INTENTIONAL
KEY WORDS AND PHRASES
- VALID FOR 20 YEARS FROM FILING 2. UNINTENTIONAL
DATE APPLICATION
Furthermore, another conern raised on
INDUSTRIAL DESIGN
the violation of Intellectual Property is *PLAGIARISM-CREATIVE
- CONSSTITUTES THE ORNAMENTAL OR
Plagiarism. Auraria (2020), defines
COMMONS*
AESTHETIC ASPECT OF AN ARTICLE.
MAY CONSIST OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL Plagiarism as “one of academic Auraria Library (2020), defines Plagiarism as
FEATURES, SUCH AS THE SHAPE OR "one form of academic dishonesty. It is
dishonesty. It is claiming, or appearing claiming, or appearing to claim, another's
SURFACE OF AN ARTICLE
to claim, another’s work as your own work as your own by not acknowledging it.
GEOGRAPHICAL INDICATIONS
by not acknowledging it.” •Copying media (especially images) from
- ARE SIGN USED ON GOODS THAT HAVE other websites to paste them into your own
A SPECIFIC GEOGRAPHICAL ORIGIN INTENTIONAL papers or websites. •Making a video using
AND POSSES QUALITIES, A REPUTATION footage from others' videos or using
1. THE GHOST WRITER
OR CHARACTERISTICS THAT ARE copyrighted music as part of the soundtrack.
- THE WRITER TURN’S IN ANOTHER’S
ESSENTIALLY ATTRIBUTABLE TO THAT •Performing another person's copyrighted
WORK, WORD-FOR-WORD, AS HIS OR
PLACE OF ORIGIN music (i.e., playing a cover). •Composing a
HER OWN
PATENT piece of music that borrows heavily from
2. THE PHOTOCOPY
another composition.
- THE WRITER COPIES SIGNIFICANT
- IS AN EXCLUSIVE RIGHT GRANTED FOR
PORTIONS OF TEXT STRAIGHT FROM A •A photograph or scan of a copyrighted image
AN INVENTION
SINGLE SOURCE, WITHOUT (for example: using a photograph of a book
TRADEMARK ALTERATION cover to represent that book on one's website)
3. THE POTLUCK PAPER •Recording audio or video in which
copyrighted music or video is playing in the The writer copies from several different THETOO-PERFECTPARAPHRASE
background. • Re-creating a visual work in the sources, tweaking the sentences to make
The writer property cites a source, but
same medium. (for example: shooting a them fit together while retaining most of the
neglects to put in quotation marks on text that
photograph that uses the same composition original phrasing.
has been copied word-forword, or close to it
and subject matter as someone else's
THEPOOR DISGUISE
photograph) •Re-creating a visual work in a THE RESOURCEFUL CITER
different medium (for example: making a The writer has altered the paper ' s
The writer properly cites all sources,
painting that closely resembles another appearance slightly by changing key words
paraphrasing and using quotations
person's photograph). •Re-mixing or altering and phrases.
appropriately. The catch? The paper contains
copyrighted images, video or audio, even if
THELABOROF LAZINESS almost no original work!
done so in an original way" .
The writer takes the time to paraphrase most THEPERFECT CRIME
of the paper from other sources and make it
The writer properly quotes and cites sources
Types: all fit together.
in some places, but goes on to paraphrase
SOURCES NOT CITED THESELFSTEALER other arguments from those sources without
citation.
SOURCES CITED The writer "borrows " generously from his or
her previous work. INFRINGEMENT
Violation of intellectual property law.
SOURCES CITED: PIRACY
SOURCESNOT CITED:
THEFORGOTTEN FOOTNOTE Refers to the unauthorized use, copying,
THE GHOST WRITER
reproduction or distribution of products that
The writer mentions an author ' s name for a
The writer turns in another ' s work, word-for- have IP rights protection. It may include
source, but neglects to include specific
word, as his or her own. stealing, transmitting, selling, and copying
information on the location of the material
without the express consent and/or written
THE PHOTOCOPY referenced.
approval. It may also involve not paying
The writer copies significant portions of text THE MISINFORMER royalties to the rights owned..
straight from a single source, without
The writer provides inaccurate information FAIRUSE
alteration.
regarding the sources, making it impossible to
It refers to the use of copyrighted material
THEPOTLUCK PAPER find them.
without a license only certain purposes. These
include: Commentary. Criticism, Reporting,
Research and Teaching.

GUIDELINES:
-A majority of the content you create must be
your own.
-Give credit to the copyright holder.
- Don 't make money off of the copyrighted
work.
CREATIVE COMMONS
An American non-profit organization devoted
to expanding the range of creative works
available for others to build upon legally and
to share. They released several copyright-
licenses known as Creative Commons licenses
free of charge to the public.

Attribution : You mist credit the creator. Non

Commercial : You can't make a profit.
No Derivative Works : You can't change the
content. Share Alike : You can change the
content, but you have to let other people use
FINAL TERM
your new work with the same license as the
original. (GROUP 1)
Opportunities and challenges in media
and information
 sexual freedoms based on social and cultural
● Connectivity ● Cyberbullying
identities.
1. Power of media to affect change ● Educate ● Hacking
1. Economy
In April 2016, The world economic forum, ● Information ● Addiction
published an article titled “6 ways social media is Economic actors need accurate and timely
and updates
changing the world” that discussed 6 observations ● Fraud and information to allocate resources efficiently,
and predictions for the way social media is ● Promotion scams investors and other groups increasing value
changing the world from experts from the Global governance monitoring role from the media.
● Noble cause ● Security issues
Agenda Council 2. Education
● Awareness ● Ruin
1. Across industries, Social media has gone In Sites Using Video, As we know from the recent
reputation
from a “nice to have” to an essential ● Help ubiquity of online digital video, the video has
component of any business strategy government ● Cheating and become a compelling tool for educational
employees relationship representation.
2. Social media platforms may be the banks fight crime issues
of the future 3. Social
● Improve ● Health issues
3. Social media is shaking up healthcare and In today's world, media becomes as essential as
business
public health ● Social media our daily needs. Media of today is playing an
reputation
causes death outstanding role in creating and shaping of public
4. Social media changing how we govern and ● Helps in opinion and strengthening of society. Media is the
are governed ● Glamorizes
building sword arm of democracy. Media acts as watchdog
drugs and
5. Social media is helping us better communities to protect public interest against malpractice and
alcohol
respond create public awareness.
6. Social media is helping us tackle some of 4. Political
the worlds biggest challenges, from human
rights violations to climate change The political landscape has changed quite a bit in
2. Opportunities of media and the last couple of decades. The internet has played
Another article from TECHMAISH.com by Bilal a large role in this transformation. Social media, in
Ahmad updated in march 2016, published an information
particular, is now a serious factor in political
article titled “10 advantages and disadvantages of In an article of Prezi.com, titled "Opportunities, campaigns and in the way people think about
social media for society” enumerated the Challenges and Power of Media" by Flores, A. issues.
following: (2018) discussed the "The spread of new
freedoms and extent of frontiers of freedom that
ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES the public authority have often attempted to 5. News Around the Clock
control; religious, freedoms, gender, ethnicity and
One of the ways that social media has transformed Targeting is used throughout the advertising
politics is the sheer speed at which news, poll industry to make sure that ads and messages reach
3. Copyright Infringement
results and rumors are shared. Whereas in the pre- the right audience. Politicians do this as well. In
internet days, people had to wait for the next the age of social media, politicians and people - It is the use of works protected by
newspaper or TV news show to get the latest running for office are able to target their copyright law without permission,
information, online news is a 24/7 phenomenon campaigns. infringing certain exclusive rights granted
to the copyright holder, such as the right to
Social media has taken this a step further. While
reproduce, distribute, display or perform
you can access news on many websites at any
3. Challenges of media and information the protected work, or to make derivative
hour, most people spend more time on sites such
works.
as Facebook and Twitter than they do on serious It is something new and difficult which requires
news or political websites. This means that you get great effort and determination. It includes Illegal 4. Identity Theft
all of the latest trending news stories and opinions Content, Cybercrime, Copyright, Infringement,
shared by your friends whenever you log on. - It is the deliberate use of someone else's
Identity Theft.
identity, usually as a method to gain a
6. The Impact of Polls 1. Illegal Content financial advantage or obtain credit and
other benefits in the other person's name,
Political polls are an important part of every - Its any type of content that could be
and perhaps to the other person's
campaign. They are often confusing, because you damaging to young people, including:
disadvantage or loss.
can often find multiple polls with contradictory
results posted on the very same day. ● Real or simulated violence sexually
Power of media
explicit content illegal images of child
As with other types of political news, the internet sexual abuse, Media power' means here the concentration of
has greatly increased the number of poll result as symbolic power in media institutions, particularly
we see each day. Social media has accelerated this ● Content promoting hate based on race,
those of television, radio and the press (the
even more. Not only do social media sites report religion or sexual preference, content
common-sense definition of the media'), although
the results of polls, you can actually participate in instructing or promoting crime or violence,
the long-term impact of new media on media
Facebook polls. ● Content promoting violent extremism power is considered.
7. Direct Interaction With Politicians content that advocates unsafe behavior
1. Business Strategy
like extreme dieting or drug taking the use
One of the positive effects that social media has on of a computer as an instrument to further - It's a trend that is already spreading to
politics is the opportunity for voters to interact illegal ends. businesses beyond the newsroom,
more easily with candidates and elected officials. whether it be because of digital marketing
Traditionally, if you wanted to meet a politician or 2. Cybercrime
or new customer service communication
candidate, you'd have to attend a live event. - Criminal activity or a crime that involves channels.
8. Demographics and Targeting the Internet, a computer system or a
2. Banks of the Future
computer technology.
 - Social media is transforming banking communication processes. Nowadays, media - Most MOOC’s are free, unless a form of
relationships in very significant ways, from become the common outlet of self expression accreditation is involved, and open to
improving customer service to allowing and creativity. It’s huge influence spreads anyone who is interested.
users to send money to others via online speedily across the globe. The connection - All that required is computer and an
platforms. New financial technology
between technological advances and people’s internet connection.
companies are using social media to help
connectivity created a huge impact on the - Work can be shared, viewed and
people simply open a bank account. Social
media can even impact your ability to get a
lives of today’s generation. critiqued by all participants.
loan. - MOOC providers can currently offer
Media offers a handful of functions to
courses for free, but not idenfinitely.
3. Health Care & Public Health humans, a number of them were evident in
- Students aren’t able to engage in real-
the various sectors such as politics, business,
- Social media has been responsible for world socializing or experiences.
economy, personal, and social, most especially
relevant changes in both personal and - Academic dishonesty may become an
in the education.
community health, especially by making it issue due to lack of supervision.
easier for large numbers of people to Media as one of the fastest in education and
rapidly share information. Massive Open Online Courses and Its
innovate. A known example is the massive
Implications
open access via internet or (MOOC).
MOOC is defined by Edu cause as a model for
Looking back on the opportunities and power of
delivering learning content online to any
media presented above, we can conclude that
What’s a MOOC? person who wants to take a course, with no
technology becomes a very powerful in almost all
limit on attendance. It can be characterized by
aspect of human living and society. However, An online course that offers open access via
challenges in regards with its use are also lurking the following:
the internet for free or at low cost. With the
in every corner . With these, responsible use continuous growth of media, modernization is a. A revolutionary approach to education
media should always be taken into consideration
anywhere, learning becomes more accessible. that veers away from the physical to
the virtual
MOOC respects certain technical specification
b. A kind of learning that happens online,
and four characteristics:
breaking the norm of traditional
(GROUP 2) 1. Using web formats schools or universities for higher
2. Collaborative learning education.
Current and Future Trends in Media and 3. Assessing knowledge c. Utilizers information technologies like
Information 4. Time limits analytics to help instructors gauge their
Media and other information providers play a students lering.
Benefits
central role in nformataion and d. Emphasis on connectedness.
The Implications perform the same functios as smart Ubiquitous Learning
phones.
• By taking learning into virtual space, • Ubiquitous learning is common in the
attendance is no longer a determining Smart Watches afe of information. Since the
factors in one’s education. This makes information in the digital age can be
• As a wearable are developed for
MOOC learning a popular alternative accessed by anyone, at any given time
convenience, but its inability to
for those whose life situations make and place, ubiquitous or an ever-
function as an independent gadget
them inable to attend regular schools. present type learning of learning is
puts it at a distinct disadvantage.
• Managing MOOC is relatively cheaper possible.
than running educational institutions. Virtual Reality (VR)
By taking out the experiences of
• Wearable technology is gradually
Universities which are passed down to
growing in popularity among
students in exorbitant fees- MOOC
enthusiasts. Oculus, a high-end VR (GROUP 3)
addresses the high cost of education.
headsets intended for entertainment
• Analytic provides information about MEDIA AND INFORMATION LITERATE
has been released to the public on
the learning process of students.
March 28, 2016. INDIVIDUAL
Through the use of data collected
through analytic, MOOC provides a The Concept of 3D Environment Definition of terms
means to improve learning.
• 3D or three dimensional in its literal INFORMATION LITERACY
• Since it focuses on connectedness as
sense refers to anything that has width, -refers to the abilities to recognize when
part of the learning process, MOOC
height, and depth. The physical world information is needed and to locate, evaluate,
allows education to take place on a
is an example of 3D environment. effectively use and communication information in
global scale. Connecting learners and
its various formats.
instructors all over the world to one The Paperless Society
another to maximize education.
• The paperless society is a society
• Is seen to be up and coming technology
where communication is done
of the future.
electronically and all forms of printed
Wearable Technology communication have become obsolete.
It is characterized by the shift from Political participation
• Wearable technologies today are smart
letters to e-mails, newspapers to news -Derives from the freedom to speak out, assemble
watches. These watches are worn as a
web pages, books to e-books, and so and associate, the ability to take part in the
typical wristwatch but do more than
on. conduct of public affairs.
just tell time. Modern smart watches
 -The opportunity to register as a candidate, and producers of information and media content." a. Improved quality of life
to campaign, to be elected, and to hold office at (UNESCO).
PERSONAL/ EDUCATIONAL
levels of government.
With the flooding information that technology
• Doing research have become very
Social Cohesion offers, weighing the validity, accuracy, and
convenient.
reliability become a burden to an individual who
-The set of characteristics that keep a group able to
doesn't know how to use it. • Communication has been made easier.
function as a unit.
• Information has become widely accessible.
Who are media literate individuals? GPS (GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSYTEM)- space-
Unit cohesion
based satellite navigation system that provides
• Aufderheide (1992 as cited in Koltay, 2011)
-sterns from a military of bond soldiers. location and time information in all weather
- A media literate person can decode, condition.
evaluate. analyze and produce both print
• Media and other information and electronic media. Emphases in media
-providers play a central role in literacy training range widely, including b. Greater political participation
information and communication informed citizenship, aesthetic
appreciation and expression, social • Media serve the people by informing
processes. Nowadays, media become the
advocacy, self-esteem, and consumer public about subject they need or they
common of self- expression and creativity.
competence. In other words, media want.
Its huge influence spreads speedily across
the globe. The connection between literate individual cannot only use media • Informing the public of the political affairs
technological advances and people's platforms but, able to analyze and in the country Encourage the public to take
connectivity created a huge impact on the evaluate information that was taken from more active role in the government.
lives of today's generation. it.

- Being able to evaluate media information

leads an individual to explore the use of c. Better economic opportunities
MEDIA LITERACY AND ITS IMPACT technologies in various fields such as • Influx of media offerings has led to the
Media and Information Literacy recognizes the businesses, commerce,and creation of more jobs in the media.
primary role of media in everyday lives. It lies at communications. The use of technologies
the core of freedom of expression and 111 promoting these economic aspects • New jobs like social media managers or
information- since it empowers citizens to creates an impact on media users and multimedia specialists have been created.
understand the functions of media and other most especially to society.
information providers to critically evaluate their The components of Media and Information
content, and to make informed decisions as users d. Improvement learning environment
Literate to an Individual are:
• Source of information
 - Made learning a choice. • TEXT - text refers to a simple and flexible format
of presenting information or conveying
• Social Learning Environment - A simple and flexible format of presenting
ideas whether hand-written, printed, or
information or conveying ideas whether hand-
- Equips learners with the tools necessary to displayed on-screen. It is available in
written, printed, or displayed on-screen.
collaborate and participate with teachers different sources whether formal or
and peers both inside the classroom and • TEXT MEDIA informal.
beyond the walls of the school.
- Are publications that disseminate - text refers to a simple and flexible format
e. More cohesive social unit information through media products of presenting information or conveying
ideas whether hand-written, printed, or
• Social technologies -are hanging the way • TYPOGRAPHY displayed on-screen. It is available in
we collaborate and communicate with different sources whether formal or
- The style, arrangement, or appearance of
each other. informal.
printed letters on a page
• Media may play a hand towards holistic  Formal text-based are created and
development of the society. distributed by established institutions and
A media literate INDIVIDUAL MEANS BEING ABLE go through a rigorous process of editing or
TO DECIDE, ANALYZE, AND EVALUATE evaluation.
INFORMATION. IN ADDITION, A MEDIA IS ABLE TO
ANALYZE THE BENEFITS AND CHALLENGES OF  Informal text-based on the other hand,
(GROUP 4) MEDIA TO HIMSELF/HERSELF AND TO THE come from personal opinions or views on
DIFFERENT LOCAL different issues.
TEXT MEDIA and INFORMATION
SECTORS. - Are publications that disseminate
• FORMAL TEXT-BASED MATERIALS information through media products such
Part of the understanding of information from
- Are created and distributed by established media is understanding its content and format. as newspapers, flyers, books, magazines,
institutions (such as publishing companies, news Text media and information offers comprehensive tarpaulins, advertisements, television,
agencies, etc.) and go through a rigorous process knowledge on how to effectively evaluate banners, websites, and posters.
of editing or evaluation and are usually governed information. Furthermore, design elements and
by censorship of the state. principles in text media are effective
means of conveying a message. These
design principles and elements are as
follows:

• INFORMAL TEXT-BASED MATERIALS

Text media
- Information that comes from personal
opinions
 EMPHASIS REFERS TO THE ALIGNMENT REFERS TO HOW THE TEXT
In our exposure to text media and information, we IMPORTANCE OR VALUE IS POSITIONED ON THE
can either be a consumer or a producer of content. GIVEN TO A PART OF THE PAGE. THIS CAN BE LEFT,
TEXT-BASED CONTENT. RIGHT, CENTER OR
 As a consumer, these are the questions JUSTIFIED.
that you need to ask with regards to the
content of text media and information: APPROPRIATENES REFERS TO HOW FITTING
S OR SUITABLE THE TEXT IS ORGANIZATION REFERS TO A CONSCIOUS
• Who or what institution is sending this USED FOR A SPECIFIC EFFORT TO ORGANIZE THE
message? AUDIENCE, PURPOSE, OR DIFFERENT TEXT ELEMENTS
• What techniques are used to attract and EVENT. ON A PAGE.
hold attention?
• What is the language used by the writer? PROXIMITY REFERS TO HOW NEAR REPETITION CONCERNS CONSISTENCY
• What views are represented? Are they OR HOW FAR ARE THE OF ELEMENTS AND THE
balanced? TEXT ELEMENTS FROM UNITY OF THE ENTIRE
• How might the message be interpreted in EACH OTHER. DESIGN.
different ways?
• What is omitted, slurred, or added in the they usually come in file formats such as CONTRAST CREATES VISUAL INTEREST
message? True Type Font. TO TEXT ELEMENTS.
CONTRAST IS ACHIEVED
 As a producer of text media and C. In the absence of images or drawings, the WHEN TWO ELEMENTS
information, we need to review the media text is the easiest way of communicating ARE DIFFERENT FROM
and information design framework: target to your audience. The use of various font EACH OTHER.
audience, author, or sender, key content, types can express different emotions or
purpose, form/style, and format. meanings. • Give a classic or elegant look when used
for title or heading

Text as visual Types of typefaces: • Ex. Times New Roman, Garamond,

Baskerville
A. Typeface (also called font type, or type) Serif
refers to the representation or style of a Sans Serif
text in the digital format. • Connotes formality and readability in large
amount of texts • Brings a clean or minimalist look to the
B. A typeface is usually comprised of text
alphabets, numbers, punctuation marks, • Usually used for the body text of books,
newspapers, magazines and research • Used for clear and direct meaning of text
symbols and other special characters.
publications such as road signage, building directory or
When fonts are installed in the computer,
nutrition facts in food packages
 • Give modern look and is used primarily in (GROUP 5) LINE - A line is a mark that connects two points
webpage design and can vary in thickness, length, direction, and
Visual Information and Media texture, used to create various shapes, forms, and
• Ex. Arial, Helvetica, Tahoma, Verdana,
textures, and to convey different emotions or
Calibri What is the purpose of Visual Information and ideas. Lines may be actual, implied, vertical,
Media: horizontal, diagonal, or contour lines.
Slab Serif
The purpose of visual information and media is to SHAPE - Shape refers to the outline or contour of
• Carries a solid or heavy to text
convey information, ideas, and messages through an object, created by a boundary that encloses a
• Can be used for a large advertising sign on visual means such as images, videos, animations, two-dimensional area, which can be geometric or
billboards and graphics, in order to educate, entertain, organic and used to create patterns, contrast,
market, or communicate in a more engaging and depth, and other visual effects.
• Ex. Rockwell, Playbill
effective way.

What is Visual Information and Media:

Script VALUE - Value refers to the lightness or darkness of
Visual Information and Media refer to the various a color or tone, which can be used to create
• Draws much attention to itself because of forms of visual communication, such as images, contrast, depth, and volume in an image or design,
its brush-like strokes videos, animations, and graphics, used to convey and to convey different moods or emotions.
information, ideas, and messages in an engaging
• Must be used sparingly and not to be used and effective way. Visual media are either formally TEXTURE - Value refers to the lightness or darkness
in large body text or informally produced. of a color or tone, which can be used to create
• Usually used in wedding invitation cards or contrast, depth, and volume in an image or design,
Visual media produced by formal organizations and to convey different moods or emotions.
other formal events such as schools, government, and established Texture can be rough, smooth, bumpy, or any
• Ex. Edwardian, Vladimir, Kunstler media/ publishing outfits are considered formally other quality that can be seen or felt. In visual
produced. Other visual media are considered media, texture can be simulated through the use
Decorative informally produced. of various techniques, such as shading, hatching,
• Caters to a wide variety of emotions (such The primary purpose is to gain attention, create or digital filters, to create the illusion of tactile
as celebration, fear, horror, etc.) or themes meaning, and facilitate retention. qualities.
(such as cowboys, circus, holidays,
Visual media is consist of visual design elements. COLOR - Color refers to the visual sensation
summer, kiddie, etc.)
produced by light, which can be perceived by the
• Ex. Chiller, Jokerman, Curlz MT Visual design refers to the building blocks or basic human eye and processed by the brain. Color can
units in the construction of visual image. be described in terms of hue, saturation, and
DESIGN ELEMENTS: brightness, and can be used to create contrast,
harmony, and emotion in an image or design.
Color can be used to convey different meanings VISUAL DESIGNS PRINCIPLES CONSISTENCY - Visual DIRECTIONAL MOVEMENT - Directional Movement
and associations, depending on cultural, historical, design helps build trust, aids in communication, refers to the use of visual elements such as lines,
and personal contexts, and can be manipulated and enhances user experiences. By adhering to shapes, and colors, to guide the viewer's eye
through various techniques, such as color theory, consistent design principles, designers can create through a design in a specific direction or path,
color grading, or digital filters, to achieve specific visually cohesive and harmonious compositions creating a sense of flow and movement. It helps
effects. that resonate with their target audience and create a dynamic and engaging visual experience.
effectively communicate the desired message. By incorporating techniques that suggest
Color is an essential element in visual information
movement and direction, designers can guide the
and media, and plays a significant role in the CENTER OF INTEREST - Also known as emphasis, is
viewer's attention, establish a visual hierarchy, and
aesthetics and communicative power of visual a visual design principle that directs the viewer's
enhance the overall visual flow of a composition.
messages. attention to a specific area or element within a
composition. The center of interest principle is RHYTHM - Rhythm refers to the repetition of visual
essential in visual design as it helps to create a elements, such as shapes, colors, textures, and
ESSENTIAL COLOUR GUIDE FOR DESIGNERS visual hierarchy, guide the viewer's attention, and patterns, to create a sense of movement, pattern,
communicate the intended message effectively. By and harmony in a design. It adds a sense of
• The Colour Wheel Primary, employing techniques that emphasize the focal organization, movement, and visual interest to a
• Secondary & Tertiary Colours Tints, Shades point, designers can ensure that their design. By applying the principles of repetition,
& Tones compositions have a clear and impactful visual alternation, progression, gradation, and pattern,
Color Harmony: focus. designers can create compositions that engage the
viewer and convey a sense of harmony and
• Complementary BALANCE - Balance refers to the distribution of
dynamism.
• Analogous visual weight in a composition. It can be achieved
• Triad through symmetrical, asymmetrical, or radial PERSPECTIVE - Perspective is the use of techniques
• Split-Complementary arrangements of elements. such as scale, depth, and spatial relationships to
• Rectangle Square create the illusion of three-dimensional space and
HARMONY - Unity or harmony refers to the visual
distance in a two-dimensional design. It is a
FORM - Form refers to the three-dimensional cohesiveness and consistency of a design. It
powerful tool in visual design, allowing designers
shape and structure of an object, which can be involves creating a sense of connection between
to create depth, realism, and a sense of space in
perceived through various visual cues, such as various elements by using consistent colors, fonts,
two-dimensional compositions. By applying the
shading, perspective, and proportion. spacing, and other design elements.
principles of perspective, designers can create
The form can be geometric or organic, and can be CONTRAST - Contrast is the juxtaposition of visually engaging and immersive designs that
used to create volume, depth, and space in an different visual, it involves using differences in mimic the way we perceive the world around us.
image or design. color, size, shape, texture, or other visual elements
COMMON VISUAL MEDIA FILE TYPES JPEG –
to create visual interest and make elements stand
The form can be geometric or organic, and can be out. Contrast helps guide the viewer's attention JPEG (Joint Photographic Experts Group) is a
used to create volume, depth, and space in an and adds depth to the design. commonly used method for compressing digital
image or design.
images. It was created by the Joint Photographic PNG files are typically used for images that require (GROUP 6)
Experts Group, which is a group of experts in transparency, such as logos, icons, and graphics
image compression. with text or other elements overlaid on a Audio Information and Media
background.
JPEG compression works by reducing the amount Definitions of Terms
of information in an image file while still retaining PNG files use a compression algorithm that
a high level of visual quality. This makes JPEG a reduces the size of the file without compromising  Analogous
popular format for storing and sharing digital image quality. Unlike JPEG, which is optimized for Colours lie next to each other on the
images, particularly on the internet. photographs and can result in a loss of detail, PNG colour wheel. They typically combine
compression preserves all of the original data in beautifully and create appealing schemes
JPEG files are typically identified by their file for your designs.
the image.
extension ".jpg" or ".jpeg".  Complementary
PNG files are often identified by their file complementary colours are those that lie
GIF - GIF (Graphics Interchange Format) is a type of
extension ".png" and are commonly used on opposite each other on the colour wheel
image file format that supports both static and
websites and in digital design projects where  GIF
animated images. Unlike JPEG, which is optimized
image quality and transparency are important. Graphics Interchange Format
for photographs, GIF is best suited for simple
Capable of displaying simple animation.
graphics and images with fewer colors, such as Definition of terms:
 JPG
logos, icons, and cartoons.
COMPLEMENTARY - Colours are those that lie Joint Photographic Expert Group. JPEG
GIF files contain a series of frames that are opposite each other on the colour wheel format is virtually synonymous with digital
displayed in succession to create a looping photography
ANALOGUES - Colours lie next to each other on the
animation. The animation can be created by using
colour wheel. They typically combine beautifully Audio Media
specialized software to create each individual
and appealing schemes for your designs. It is rececording , transmission , reception and
frame, or by converting a video clip into a series of
reproduction of sound used for communication ,
frames. TRIAD - Triadic colours are those that are evenly
information dissemination and entertainment.
spaced out around the colour wheel, as through
GIFs have become popular on social media and
you're looking at an equilateral triangle.
messaging apps as a way to convey emotions or Audio podcast
reactions. They are often used as short, humorous SPLIT-COMPLEMENTARY - A variation of the A digital audio or video file or recording , usually
animations that can convey a message or add a bit complementary colour scheme, the split- part of a themed series , that can be downloaded
of humor to a conversation. complementary technique takes a base colour as from a website to a media player or computer.
its main, while the secondary colors should be
PNG - PNG (Portable Network Graphics) is a type
used only for highlights and accents. Principles of Sound Design
of image file format that supports lossless
The techniques for combining the different
compression, meaning that the image quality is
elements or objects.
not compromised when the file size is reduced.
What is Audio Media? Storing audio media transfer and playback of music on most digital
audio players.
Information dissemination is not only delivered Computer Hard drive Secondary storage
through texts and visuals. It can also be heard . devices fro storing • M4A/ AAC
However, hearing alone is not enough to fully Tape Magnetic tape on which
audio files . (MPEG-4Audio/Advanced Audio Coding)
consume the information ,these information from sound can be recorded.
audio media require listening . Listening refers to An audio coding standard for lossy digital audio
something that is consciously chosen to do and compression. Designed to be successor of the
CD A plastic-fabricated,
requires concentration. On the other hand,hearing MP3 format, AAC generally
circularachieves
mediumbetter for
is an act or perceiving sound by ear. sound quality than MP3 at similar bit ratesstoring
.
Internet / Cloud Websites or file recording, and
Audio file type such as; repositories for • WAV playing backaudio, video
retrieving audio files, and computer data.
• Radio broadcast Is a Microsoft audio file format standard for storing
and more precisely
the files are stored in an audio bitstream on PC’s.
USB An It has become aflash
external
live or recorded audio sent through radio waves to
some data center full standard file format for game drive sounds ,among to
,small enough
reach a wide audience.
(UNIVERSAL
others. SERIAL BUS)
of servers that is carryon a key ring, that
• Music connected to the can be used with any
• WMA
vocal and /or instrumental sounds combined in internet. computer that has a USB
(Windows Media Audio) port.
such a way as to produce beauty of form,harmony
, and expression of emotion. Is an audio data compression technology
Memory
developedCard (aka flashandisused
by Microsoft a small storage
with medium
Windows
• Sound recording memory card or storage used to store data such
Media Player.
recording of an interview , or any sound from the card) as text ,pictures ,audio
environment. and video , for use on
small , portable , or
Sound Characteristics and Purposes
• Sound clips / effects remote computing
• Purposes of using sound and audio media;
devices.
any sound other than music or speech , artificially
reproduced to create an effect. File Formats; a. Give instruction or information n
• Audio Podcast • MP3 b. Provide feedback
a digital audio or video file recording , usually part (MPEG Audio Layer 3) c. To personalize or customize
of themed series , that can be downloaded from a
website to a media player or computer. a common format for consumer audio , as well as
a standard of digital audio compression for the
Elements of Sound Design – the objects or things One element stops ,the next begins (“cut” Refers to the materials, programs,
we have to work with in film). applications and the like that teacher and
• Cross-fade students used to formulate new
One element fades out, the next fades in, information to aid learning through the
• Dialogue and they overlap on the way. use, analysis, evaluation and production of
Speech, conversation , voice-over. • V-fade moving text and images.
• Sound Effects First element fades to inaudible before the
Any sound other than music or dialogue. second element begins.
• Music • Fade to Black
Vocal or instrumental sounds (or V- fade with some silence between • Storyboard
both)combined in such a way as to elements. Is a graphic representation of how your
produce beauty of form , harmony ,and • Waterfall video will unfold, shot by shot
expression of emotion. As first element fades out, the second
Motion Media
• Silence element begins at full volume. Better for
Absence of audio or sound . voice transitions ,than for effects . There is no universally adopted definition of
motion media. Motion media in essence is visual
media that gives the appearance of movement. It
Principles of Sound Design-the techniques for
can be collection of graphics, footage, videos. It
combining the different elements or objects.
combined with audio, text and/ or interactive
• Mixing (GROUP 7) content to create multimedia.
The combination , balance and control of
Motion Media and Information In motion media, each picture is a frame and that
multiple sound elements.
motion is created by rendering or showing
• Pace Definition of Terms consecutively several frames per second. Twenty-
Time control . Editing .Order of events :
• Motion four (24) framessecondmakes makes for a smooth
linear , or multi-linear
The action or process of moving or being animation. The series of graphics or images follow
• Stereo Imaging
moved. a sequence to create a story. This sequence is
Using left and right channel for depth.
• Video called storyboard.
• Transitions
How you get from one segment or element A recording of moving visual images made Motion media can be produce formally and
to another. digitally or on video tape. informally.
• Flip book
A small book consisting of a series of • Formally
Types of Transitions: images in different positions that creates Produced motion media are created by
illusion of movement when thumb is professionals.
• Segue
placed so pages flip quickly. • Informally
• Motion information and media
 Produced motion media are created by  Smoothness of the video- This is often • Compared to other forms of visual media,
individuals often for personal use. detected when movements are not the viewer cannot always interrupt the
smooth; when action seems to jump from presentation.
It is also includes formats, types, and sources
one position to another as if some action
• It is often times more costly than other
According to formats was missing.
forms of visual media.
• Animations- animated gifs(Grafic  Lightning coverage matches- one way to
• Other data maybe presented best using
Interchange Formats), Flash, Shockwave, detect lighting matches is to look at the
still images. Example are graphs, diagrams,
Dynamic HTML. shadows; the source of light determines
maps.
the size and direction of the shadow.
• It is subject to misinterpretation
 Scale and size consistent - scale refers to
According to purpose how the size of the objects in reference to
• Education, Entertainment, Advertising one another are near the real thing. If the
picture is reduced or enlarged by a certain Design principles of motion media and information
According to sources percent then all of the objects should be revolve around the following essential elements :

• Person, Social medial, media companies resized by that percent. Objects that are • Speed can be constant or variable. The
far away are usually smaller than objects tone of the movement can be highlighted
According to audience that are nearer. by the speed coupled with music. A fast
• Private or public; directed or general movement gives vigor and vitality
intestifying emotions. A slow movement
Advantages: cannotes lethargy, solemnity or sadness.
Basic methods on determining the credibility of • It captures motion in a manner that can be • Direction can indicate a movement from
motion media: viewed repeatedly one direction to another. It can also refer
• Validity of information - is it peered to the growing or shrinking of an object. As
• It can show processes in detail and in
reviewed and verifiable object moves, the background must
sequence
remain in scale with the object.
• Sources - Primary or secondary source? • Simulation allow for safe observation
Does the video capture the • Motion path refers to the route that object
actual event or does it simply present • It can cut across different cultures and will take. It shows the change of direction
information learned about an event groups of a movement. It is important to note the
triggers to the change in direction of an
• Relationship of the author to the event - • It allows scenes, history, events and
object. These triggers ar often key object
Does he have firsthand knowledge phenomenon to be recreated.
or event in a story.
Technical methods of detecting tampering/fake • It enables learning with emotions
• Timing can be objective or subjective.
videos: Limitations: Objective can be measured in minutes,
 seconds, days, etc. Subjective timing is to sensor information for security or Virtual Reality
psychological or felt. Objective timing is decency.
-Computer-generated timulation of a three-
used to produce subjective timing. Timing
• Always review the movement. Movement dimension image or environment that can be
can be used to clarify or intensify the
is not added for the sake of it. interacted with in a seemingly real or physical way
message or the event. Using a pause can
by a person using special electronic equipment
help time the events.
such as a helmet with a screen inside or gloves
fitted withcensors.

Design principles of creating movement (GROUP 8) Interactive Media is a method of communication in

which the program’s outputs depends on the users
• Speed, direction and timing should depict
natural law of physics. This included
Manipulative Media and Information inputs, and the users inputs in turn affect the
program’s outputs.
trajectories, impact on objects and Definition of Terms
reaction of the environment. Interactive Media engage the user and interact
Interactivity with him or her in a way that non-interactive
• Timing effects recall. Fast movement sends
-The communication process that takes place media do not. Websites and video games are two
much information slow movement provide
between humans and computer software. common types of interactive media. Interactive
emphasis and lasting recall.
websites refers to an Internet page that uses
• Transitions are used to switch between Interactive Media different kinds of software to create a interaction
scenes. Having a clear start and finish in between users and its content.
-A method of communication in which the
your motion paths or scenes. Using neutral program's outputs depend on the user's inputs, Interactive refers to the communication process
colors at the start or end of a scene is a and the user's inputs in turn affect the program's that takes place between humans and computer
good method for creating the right outputs. software. The most constant form of interactivity is
mindset.
typically found in games, which need a continuous
Media Platform
• Sound and colors adds depth and meaning form of interactivity with the gamer. Data base
to movement. -Is a service, site or method that delivers media to application and other financial, engineering and
an audience. trading applications are also typically very
• Cartooning your graphics and text provides interactive.
dynamic movement. This can be done by Social media
using the following movements:
-Websites or online services where users (actual
stretching, rotating, squashing.
people) are the creators and consumers of the Mobile Apps
• Blurring can be used in different ways. In content, and where social interactions
 A software application developed
animation blurring can provide the illusion (commenting, liking, posting, talking) are the main
specifically for use on small, wireless
of fast movement. In videos it is often used features of content.
 computing devices such as smartphones Virtual reality and immersive environments E. News and information- exchange
and tables, rather than desktop or laptop information; give reactions; news on
 The computer-generated simulation of a
computers. demands; monitor views.
three dimensional image or environment
3D TV that can be interacted with in a seemingly F. Videos- choose your own adventure; get
real or physically way by a person using multimedia content; experience game
 A television display technology that
electronic equipment, such as a helmet elements.
enables a three-dimensional effect, so that
with a screen inside or gloves fitted with
viewers perceive that an image has depth
sensors.
as well as height and width, similar to
objects in the real world.
Types of interactivity and their purposes
Video games ( multi-player) Social Media
A. Click on image
 A game played by electronically  Websites or online services where users
manipulating images produced by a (actual people) are the creators and B. Hotspot- a special region to act as a trigger
computer program on a television screen consumers of the content, and where to another web page. The hotspot could be
or other display screen. Multi-player social interactions. a circle, triangle, rectangle, or polygon,
games allow two or more players to play
with one another or play together. C. Rollover- an image or portion of an image
that changes in appearance when the
WAYS OF INTERACTING WITH THE INTERNET
Role-playing games (RPG) mouse cursor moves over it.
A. Online shopping- compare prices; compare
 A game in which players assume the roles D. Tabs- clicking on them displays a relevant
features of similar items; add to cart;
of characters in a fictional settings. Players content with an appropriate graphic.
choose payments type; track delivery; get
take responsibility for acting out these
advise from experts; search products; E. Timeline- a menu slide that branches to
roles within a narrative, either through
check local availability; get product different events.
literal acting or through a process of
recommendations.
structured decision-making or character F. Numbers/ processes- the number of clicks
development. B. Online gaming- choose a game; play with and the time spent in an interactive
computer, play with others; choose a level, function provide data points.
Massively Multiplayer Online Role Playing Game
in game, customization, etc.
( MMORPG) G. Slideshow- non-linear interactive
C. Online classes- interact with content; slideshow where the pathway through the
 Any story-driven online video game in
interact with instructors; interact with show is determine by the user’s interaction
which a player, taking on the persona of a
classmates. with it.
character in a virtual or fantasy world,
interacts with a large number of other D. Chat- group chat; search groups; search H. Frequently ask questions ( FAQs)
player. friends; translate language
 I. Flip cards- a card that when clicked flip to a basic directions, but students should be  Flexible and easy access
display a description and other allowed to explore the materials and ask
 No clean up needed
information. questions before and during the lesson.
DISADVANTAGES
TYPES OF MANIPULATIVE MEDIA
 Not available for everyone
Emerging interactive media  Traditional manipulative media is actually
being used in certain schools, wherein they  Distraction
 Interactive television also known as ITV or
use different materials that the students
iTV. A form of media convergence, adding  Dependence on them
can use to have a hands-on experience
data services to traditional television
regarding the lesson
technology. Throughout its history, these
have included on-demand delivery of  Virtual and Digital Manipulative Media TRADITIONAL MANIPULATIVE MEDIA
content, as well as new users such as With the dawn of the digital age,
online shopping, banking, and so forth. education should keep up with the ADVANTAGES
interests of the 21st century learners. And  Hands on learning
 ITV enables the viewer to issue demands
in order to do so, education have been
and give feedback information through an  Increase confidence & motivation for
merged with technology in such a way that
electronic device called a setup box. The learning
students can learn more with the aid of
viewer can select which program or movies
these devices.
to watch, at what time, and can place  Opportunity for collaboration
orders in response to commercials. New
 Multisensory
setup boxes also allow access to email and
ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF
e-commerce application via internet.  Variation in learning
MANIPULATIVE MEDIA
DISADVANTAGES
VIRTUAL AND DIGITAL MANIPULATIVE MEDIA
WHAT IS MANIPULATIVE MEDIA?  Not available for everyone
ADVANTAGES
 Manipulatives in the context of education  Dis interest on discussion type learning
 Hands on learning
are physical tools of teaching, engaging
 Expensive
students visually and physically with  Increase confidence & motivation for
objects such as coins, blocks, puzzles, learning
markers, etc.
 Plenty of resources
 The use of manipulative is constructivist
because students are actively engage in  Engaging (GROUP 9)
discovery during the learning process. A  Attention grabber
teacher provides the materials along with
MULTIMEDIA INFORMATION AND LIMITATION -the act of controlling the size or
extent of something
MEDIA
MULTIMEDIA INFORMATION AND MEDIA
• Media and other information
providers play a central role in -refers to materials, programs, applications, and
information and communication the like that teachers and students use to
procesesses. formulate new information to aid learning through
the use, analysis evaluation, and production of a
• Media become a common outlet of
combination of different types of media.
self expression and creativity.
STATIC -showing little or no change, action, or
Manipulative/Interactive Media
progress
- focuses on the participants of the media use.
TECHNOLOGY -the use of science in industry,
- it allows every individual to respond and actively engineering, etc., to invest useful things or to solve 5. AUDIO - audio appears as part of
participants in various topics or platforms resulting problems application content and also to aid
in more active sharing and processing of interaction
information 6. Video - digital video appears in many
"Multimedia means that computer information multimedia applications particularly on the
- it has been established that information can be
can be represented through audio, video and web
expressed through text, speech, sound, graphics or
animation in addition to tradtional media. If we 5. ANIMATION - animated video is common
images, animation, and video.
divided the multimedia into its component part, within web and desktop multimedia
- a combination of this media sources is considered we will get multi-meaning more than one, and application
as multimedia. media-meaning of communicaition. 6. IMAGE - appears in many multimedia
application
DEFINITION OF TERMS A field concerned with the computer-controlled
7. INTERACTIVITY - games are usually thought
integration of text, graphics, drawings, still and
ANIMATION -a way of making a movie by using a of as fostering the great amount of
moving images (video), animation, audio, and any
series of drawings, computer graphics, or other media where every type o information can
photographs of objects that are slightly different be represented, stored, transmitted, and
from one another and that when viewed quickly processed digitally". (Dave Marshall, 2001)
one after another creates the appearance of
movement

DYNAMIC -always active or changing ELEMENTS/COMPONENTS OF MULTIMEDIA

INTEGRATION -the act or process or an instance of 4. TEXT - express specific information

integrating
 interactivity even other business • the interface to the final and basically from all things that happen in the
application also interactive presentation of media is usually environment.
interactive
2 categories of media MOTION MEDIA – visual media that gives
In evaluationg a multimedia product, two major appearance of movement.
• STATIC MEDIA - refers to content that
aspects that are prime importance: technology and
doesnt change RIGHT CHANNELS – used to properly and
content
• DYNAMIC MEDIA - content that is appropriately send the message
constantly updated and is interactive. It
appear on websites, online forums, and
social media feed. MEDIA DIMENSIONS

Media as an instrument of information

dissemination influenced the trend of every
generation. Information may be presented in
(GROUP 10-11) various ways depending on the platform it uses.
Media dimensions may be in the form of text,
MEDIA DIMENSIONS visual, audio, motion, manipulative and
multimedia. Information presented through these
Definition of terms platforms may be formally or informally produced
AUDIO – the sound that is heard on a recording or and disseminated……
broadcast

TEXT – a simple and flexible format of presenting 1. Formally produced Information

information or conveying ideas whether
handwritten, printed or displayed on-screen. - Are created by professionals who follow
standards in creating, editing, and producing
VISUAL – something (as a graphic) that appeals to information.
Furthermore, Multimedia System has four
the sight and is used for effect or illustration
characteristics:
INFORMATION – comes from instances, events, - These information are usually produced in
• Multimedia system must be schools, government and established media/
computer-controlled publishing outlets

• multimedia systems are integrated 2. Informally produced Information

• the information they handle must - Are created by individuals for personal use
be presented digitally
- Come from personal or views on different issues,
processes, etc.
- Common examples are blogs, personal emails, EVALUATING CREATIVE MULTIMEDIA FORM museums, theatre, and electronic portfolio. The
SMS, online messengers and other social media above mentioned forms were first used in the 20th
platforms Definition of terms century as a platform of information delivered in a
ARCHIVES – a place in which public records or creative way. As time passed by, bringing
historical materials are kept. technology allows people to experience first-hand
• Media Resources information.
- Formally produced by/through: DIGITAL LIBRARY – a special library with a focused
- Informally produced by / through: collection of digital objects that can include text,
visual material, audio material, stored as ELECTRONIC PORFOLIO (E-portfolio)
electronic media formats along with means for
organizing, storing and retrieving the files and Is a record of things that the owner has done over
• Text
media contained in the library collection. a period of time. (UNESCO, 2011). CLEMSON
- News articles, published books,
University published an article titled “The What,
newspapers, magazines, advertisements , DIGITAL MUSEUM – a collection of digitally Why and How of ePortfolios” (2020), which states
research works, etc. recorded images, sound files, text documents, and the following: an ePortfolio is a collection of work
- Blogs, personal e-mails, SMS, online other data of historical, scientific, or cultural (evidence) in a n electronic format that showcases
messengers, social media platforms. interest that are accessed through electronic learning overtime.
media

ELECTRONIC PORTFOLIO – record of things that the

owner has done over a period of time in an
electronic format.
An ePortfolio may contain all or some of the
• Visual/ Audio MUSEUM – a building in which interesting and following:
- Produced by formal organizations: schools, valuable things are collected and shown to the
• Files of various formats (text, pictures,
government, established media/ public.
video, etc.)
publishing outlet
THEATRE – a building or outdoor area in which • Evidence related to courses taken,
- Other output which are not produced by
plays and other dramatic performances are given. programs of study, etc.
formal organization
• Writing samples (which might include
several drafts to show development and
MULTIMEDIA FORM improvement)
• Motion/ Manipulative • Projects prepared for class or
- Produced by professionals who follow Multimedia is a combination of text, graphic, extracurricular activities
industry standards in creating, editing and audio, animation and video that is delivered • Evidence of creativity and performance
production interactively to the user by electronic or digitally • Evidence of extracurricular or co-curricular
- Created by individuals for personal use. manipulated means. However, other forms can activities, including examples of leadership
also be used to present an information such as
 • Evaluations, analysis and media scholars have categorized into two: science, technology, natural history, and art. [1]
recommendations misinformation or "false information which is For the most part, museum directors and curators
unintentionally disseminated on online platforms", have embraced new interactive technologies for
and disinformation or "information intended to their promise to democratize knowledge, to offer
TYPES OF ePortfolios convince online users to favor a group or individual contextual information on exhibits, and to boost
political perspective" (Quilinguing, 2019). If fake museum attendance. Corporate sponsors and
● Showcase/Professional ePortfolios news goes viral, it becomes relevant information, donors of museum technology are interested in
- A way to demonstrate (showcase) the highlights which, when left unguarded, becomes false truths. new media for their own reasons; with their logos
of a student’s academic career. emblazoned on interactives kiosks and published
gallery guides, corporations have been increasingly
● Learning ePortfolios Filtering content may be seen as a massive active in sponsoring shows, specific gallery spaces,
- Created by a student as part of a course as a way endeavor, but this is not impossible if critical or donating equipment. [2] Museum visitors,
to demonstrate learning and the learning process. evaluation is done right at the very start by the especially children and young adults, [31 have
These portfolios are often shared with other information user. Coiro (2017) presents four frequently responded enthusiastically to
students to elicit peer feedback. Learning dimensions of critical evaluation: interactive exhibits, even coming to expect them
portfolios support the idea of formative media as as an integral part of the museum experience. [41
• Relevance: the information's level of Curators supporting the new technology argue that
an essential part of the learning process. importance to a particular purpose or interactive CD-ROM stations offers flexibility and
explicitly stated need for that information new solutions to the problem of representing
• Accuracy: the extent to which information complex ideas and processes; as Kathleen McLean
contains factual and updated details that argues: 'They can activate an otherwise static
Another creative media form in today’s time is the can be verified by consulting alternative exhibition with sound and movl.ng Images;
Digital museum, a platform that utilizes computer and/or primary sources provide a variety of view points; engage visitors in
and information technology on which cultural • Bias/Perspective: the position or slant multi-layered activities; and encourage and
relics and historical collections can be preserved toward which an author shapes support interaction among people in an exhibition.
and displayed in digital format. information "
• Reliability: the information's level of
trustworthiness based on information
about the author and the publishing body
Dimensions of Critical Evaluation Digital technologies have found a home in the
An article titled "Media Technology and Museum modern museum in the forms of interactive touch-
Coiro (2017) stressed the need for adolescents to
Display: A Century of Accommodation and screen kiosks, CD-ROMs, computer games, large-
be critical in viewing online information, having
Conflict" {n d} by Alison Griffiths included the screen installations and videowalls with multiple
noticed that more students are concerned with
following information on digital museums. images, digital orientation centers, "smart badge"
content relevance than content credibility. This is
information systems, 3-D animation, virtual reality,
alarming because doing so, students become Since the mid-1980s, electronic media have and increasingly sophisticated museum web sites.
agents in spreading fake news, a concept which assumed an ever greater presence in museums of [6] Such technologies have changed the physical
character of the museum, frequently creating, and the user's inputs, in turn, affect the program's Media referred to the sources of information
striking juxtapositions between 19th – century outputs. produced and shared across the globe. Information
monumental architecture and the electronic glow can be accessed and presented through various
MOTION
of the 21st – century computer screen. Via the media sources such as text, visual, audio, motion,
World Wide Web, the museum now transcends the — The action or process of moving or being interactive as well as a combination of new and
fixities of the time and place, allowing virtual moved. traditional media- multimedia.
visitors to wander through its perpetually deserted
MOTION INFORMATION AND MEDIA Media sources may include text, visual, audio,
galleries and interact with objects in ways
motion, interactive as well a combination of new
previously unimagined. — Refers to materials, programs, applications and and tracitional media- multimedia.
the like that teachers and students use to
formulate new information to aid learning through
the use, analysis, evaluation, and production of
STAGES OF PRODUCTION IN MULTIMEDIA
moving text and images.
Basically, production of multimedia has three
TEXT MEDIA
stages, pre-production, production and post-
— Are publications that disseminate information production. If you are a creator, you must pass
through media products through these stages to ensure the quality of your
content and maximize your time and resources.
VISUAL MEDIA AND INFORMATION
Smith (2019) explained the stages of production in
— Materials, programs, applications and the like multimedia in the context of small business. The
(GROUP 12) that teachers and students use to formulate new six steps she enumerated are practical because it is
information to aid learning through the use, close to what you can actually do, given all the
PRODUCING CREATIVE MEDIA-BASED analysis, evaluation, and production of visual limitations that we have. As you read along,
PRESENTATION images. consider the situation of content creators working
for a client.
Definition of Terms

AUDIO MEDIA CREATIVE MEDIA PRESENTATION

MIL stands for media and information literacy and PRE-PRODUCTION STAGE
— It is the recording, transmission, reception, and
reproduction of sound used for communication, refers to the essential competencies and skills that — It refers to the planning and preparation stage
information dissemination, and entertainment. allow citizens to engage with media and other before filming or recording begins. It involves tasks
information providers effectively and develop such as scriptwriting, casting, location scouting,
INTERACTIVE MEDIA critical thinking and life-long learning skills to budgeting, and storyboard development.
socialize and become active citizens
— A method of communication in which the
Planning Meeting
program's outputs depend on the user's inputs
— This kicks-off the multimedia production A storyboard panel for a scene includes a sketch of 5. Review and Editing
process. The main goal of this stage is to unify the the visual elements, the voiceover or title text, and
— This is also called the post-production stage,
project team members in a common vision for the any production notes. it guides the process, keeps
and it is the most complex of the multimedia
project and to lay out the lines of action each everyone in check and gives structure to the
development process. All the sound and visual
member must do. project. (Smith, 2019)
components are combined in a logical sequence.
2. Creative Brief and Script Writing — Production is the stage where filming or
Editing a one-minute content can even take hours
recording takes place. It involves the actual
— A creative brief is a short, yet detailed depending on the requirements specified in the
creation of visual and audio content, such as
summary of a company's background and the storyboard. Creators who specialize on same-edit
shooting a movie, recording a podcast, or
campaign goals it aims to achieve (Turits, 2019). videos such as those done in weddings and other
capturing footage for a video game.
This may be used for any type of project and may social occasions need intensive planning and
serve as a blueprint for all creative content 4. Production and Designing the Visual Aspects technical preparations to produce the required
projects needed. product. The client always has the final say on the
— During the design stage, designers take over the
look of the content, that is why rounds of client
Since most multimedia projects entail a story, visual aspects of the project to determine how it
review and editing may also happen.
scriptwriting comes next in the process. looks and feels. Aided by the storyboards, the
production staff create graphics, shoot photo stills 6. User Testing
A good script will serve as an outline for content
or videos, record sound, and collect all necessary
creators to convey the prescribed message to the — During this stage, test members ol the audience
images. Design is always done with an eye toward
specified audience within the definite time. Scripts use the multimedia piece whue team members
the audience.(Smith, 2019)
may be full detailed or may come in the form of observe. Depending on the goals of the project,
sentence outline. In my team's experience in making short films, the staff Imene observe users' project hits the right
proper planning results to a well-executed marks. After user testing, there are usually further
3. Storyboarding to Tie the Elements Together
production stage, allowing us to economize our adjustments to the project. Once the team and
— The ideas laid out in a script needs to be time and resources in the process. Documentaries chents are satished, the project goes out for
concretized through images and sound. Thus, to normally take a longer time for shoots, because distribution.
accomplish this, content creators need a story the script only serves as guidelines and the
For instance, the chidren's TV show "Sesame
board. creators rely on actual, unrehearsed and
Street" has been a proponentearly childhood
spontaneous footage that characterizes the
A storyboard is a visual representation of film develoomentworldwide, and many countries nave
documentary genre.
sequence and breaks down the action into obtained franchise for this show to come up witn
individual panels. It sketches out how a video — Post-production is the final stage in the their national versions, like "Batibot,” its Filipino
sequence will unfold. A storyboard is similar to a production process. It involves tasks such as video counterpartwhich came out in the 1980s. Before
trial-run for your finished film, video, or and audio editing, special effects creation, color airing an episode, the producers must test it with a
commercial, laid out in a comic book-like form. correction, and sound design. The goal is to ensure group of preschoolers to gauge its formative
(Studiobinder, 2019) that the content is polished, cohesive, and ready aspect. As a result, stories and characters change,
for distribution. such as Cookie Monster, the character to eats
anything. To educate preschoolers on healthy
eating habits, episodes were created under the
"Healthy Habits for Life" curriculum, with Cookie
Monster learning about “sometimes and "anytime
food" (Merrill. 2019)