SOM PRACTICE SET

1. A mild steel bar of length 450 mm tapers uniformly. The diameters at the ends are 36 mm and 18
mm, respectively. An axial load of 12kN is applied on the bar. E = 2×105 N/mm2. The elongation of
the bar will be---.
a) 1/3Π b) 1/6 Π c) 3 Π/2 d) 2/3 Π
2. The longitudinal strain of cylindrical bar of 25 mm diameter and 1.5 m length is found to be 3
times its lateral strain in a tensile test. What is the value of Bulk Modulus by assuming E = 1×105
N/mm2 ?
a) 2 x105 b) 1.1 x105 c) 1 x105 d) 2.1 x105
3. The state of stress on an element is as shown in the figure. If E = 2×105 N/mm2 and Poisson’s
ratio = 0.3, the magnitude of the stress σ for no strain in BC is ----.
80 Mpa
A B
σ σ

D C
80 Mpa

(a) 84 N/mm2 (b) 64 N/mm2 (c) 34 N/mm2 (d) 24 N/mm2

4. Consider the following statements :

1. In the infinitesimal strain theory, dilatation is taken as an invariant.
2. Dilatation is not proportional to the algebraic sum of all normal stresses.
3. The shearing modulus is always less than the elastic modulus.
Which of the above statements is/are correct ?
(a) 1 only (b) 1 and 2 only (c) 2 only (d) 1, 2 and 3

5. A square element of a structural part is subjected to biaxial stresses as shown in the figure. On a
plane along BD, the intensity of the resultant stress due to these conditions will be
100 Mpa
B C

300 Mpa 300 Mpa

A D
100 Mpa
(a) 25√ 5N mm2 (b) 50√ 5N mm2 (c) 75√ 5N mm2 (d) 100√ 5N mm2

6. Principal stresses at a point are 80 N/mm2 and 40 N/mm2, both tensile. The yield stress in simple
tension for this material is 200 N/mm2. The values of factors of safety according to maximum
principal stress theory and maximum shear stress theory, respectively, are
(a) 2.5 and 2.5 (b) 2.5 and 5 (c) 5 and 5 (d) 5 and 1.67

7. A thin steel ruler having its cross-section of 0.0625 cm × 2.5 cm is bent by couples applied at its
ends so that its length l equal to 25 cm, when bent, as a circular arc, subtends a central angle of 600 .
Take E = 2×106 kg/cm2. The maximum stress induced in the ruler and the magnitude is
(a) 2618 kg/cm2 (b) 2512 kg/cm2 (c) 2406 kg/cm2 (d) 2301 kg/cm2

8. A circular shaft rotates at 200 rpm and is subject to a torque of 1500 Nm. The power transmitted
would be
(a) 10πkW (b) 15πkW (c) 20πkW (d) 30πkW

9. A closed coil helical spring is subjected to a torque about its axis. The spring wire would
experience a
a) Bending stress b) Direct tensile stress of uniform intensity at its cross section.
c) Direct shear stress d)Torsional shear stress

10. Identify the erroneous statement.

Mild steel has
a) Two yield points b) Is a ductile material c) Has small percent elongation at failure d) Shows strain
hardening

11. The ratio of flexural rigidity of a beam (b × d) to another one (b × 2d) of similar material will be
a) ½ b) ¼ c) 1/8 d) 1/16

12. A beam of length L is pinned at both ends and is subjected to an unlike bending couple of M at
both ends. The rotation at support of the beam is
a) ML/2EI b) ML/6EI c) ML2/2EI d) ML/EI

13. The shear stress at any section of a shaft is maximum

a) at the centre of the section b) at a distance r/2 from the centre c) at the top of the surface
d) at a distance 3/4 r from the centre

14. For a simply supported beam of length L, the bending moment M is described
as M = a(x – x2/L2), 0 ≤ x < L; where a is a constant. The shear force will be zero at
a) the supports b) x = L2/2 c) x = L/√3 d) x = L/3

15. In a simply supported beam (l + 2a) with equal overhangs (a) and carrying a uniformly
distributed load over its entire length, B.M. at the middle point of the beam will be zero if
a) l=2a b) l=4a c) l<2a d) l>a

16. The number of points of contra-flexure in a simply supported beam carrying uniformly
distributed load, is
a) 1 b) 2 c) 3 d) 0

17. During a tensile test on a ductile material

a) nominal stress at fracture is higher than the ultimate stress b) true stress at fracture is higher than
the ultimate stress c) true stress at fracture is the same as the ultimate stress d) none of these.

18. An open-ended cylinder of radius r and thickness t is subjected to internal pressure p. The
Young's modulus for the material is E and Poisson's ratio is μ. The longitudinal strain is
a) Zero b) Pr/tE -µ Pr/2tE c) Pr/2tE d) None of these

19. The section modulus of a rectangular section is proportional to

a) area of the section b) square of the area of the section c) product of the area and depth
d) product of the area and width

20. The B.M. diagram of the beam shown in below figure, is

a) a rectangle b) a triangle c) a trapezium d) a parabola

21. A member which is subjected to reversible tensile or compressive stress may fail at a stress
lower than the ultimate stress of the material. This property of metal, is called
a) plasticity of the metal b) elasticity of the metal c) fatigue of the metal d) workability of the
metal.
22. In a bar of large length when held vertically and subjected to a load at its lower end, its own-
weight produces additional stress. The maximum stress will be
a) at the lower cross-section b) at the built-in upper cross-section c) at the central cross-section
d) at every point of the bar.

23. If the depth of a beam of rectangular section is reduced to half, strain energy stored in the beam
becomes
a) 1/4 time b) 1/8 time c) 4 times d) 8 times

24. What is the power transmitted by a rotating shaft ?

(Where: P = power in hp, N = Speed in rpm and T = Torque transmitted in Kg-cm)
a) NT/71600 b) N2T/71600 c) NT/716 d) 2πNT/60000

25. The moment of inertia of the quarter circle given in the following figure about ‘X’ axis (through
centroid), is

Y
h

X
h

a) 0.0249 r4 b) 0.0349 r4 c) 0.0449 r4 d) 0.0549 r4

26. In a square beam loaded longitudinally, shear develops

(A) On middle fibre along horizontal plane (B) On lower fibre along horizontal plane
(C) On top fibre along vertical plane (D) Equally on each fibre along horizontal plane

27. If the stress in each cross-section of a pillar is equal to its working stress, it is called
(A) Body of equal (B) Body of equal section (C) Body of equal strength (D) None of these

28. Maximum deflection of a cantilever due to pure bending moment M at its centre, is
(A) ML²/3EI (B) 3ML²/8EI (C) ML²/6EI (D) ML²/2EI

29. A rectangular log of wood is floating in water with a load of 400 N at its centre. The maximum
shear force in the wooden log is
(A) 200 N at each end (B) 200 N at the centre (C) 400 N at the centre (D) None of these

30. The tension coefficient of any member is

(A) Force divided by the length (B) Tension divided by the length (C) Tension per unit area
(D) Tension in the member

31. The rise of a parabolic arch at quarter points, is equal to

(A) 1/3 times the rise of the crown (B) 1/4 times the rise of the crown (C) 1/2 times the rise of the
crown (D) 3/4 times the rise of the crown

32. Columns of given length, cross-section and material have different values of buckling loads for
different end conditions. The strongest column is one whose
(A) One end is fixed and other end is hinged (B) Both ends are hinged or pin jointed
(C) One end is fixed and the other end entirely free (D) Both the ends are fixed
33. A uniform girder of length L is simply supported at its ends and subjected to a uniformly
distributed load over its entire length and is propped at the centre so as to neutralise the deflection.
The net B.M. at the centre will be
(A) WL (B) WL/8 (C) WL/24 (D) WL/32

34. A column is said to be of medium size if its slenderness ratio is between

(A) 20 and 32 (B) 32 and 120 (C) 120 and 160 (D) 160 and 180

35. A member is balanced at its end by two inclined members carrying equal forces. For equilibrium
the angle between the inclined bars must be
(A) 3° (B) 45° (C) 90° (D) 120°

36. Frictional force encountered after commencement of motion is called

(A) Post friction (B) Limiting friction (C) Kinematic friction (D) Dynamic friction

37. A simply supported beam carrying a uniformly distributed load over its whole span, is propped
at the centre of the span so that the beam is held to the level of the end supports. The reaction of the
prop will be
(A) Half the distributed load (B) 3/8th the distributed load (C) 5/8th the distributed load
(D) Distributed load

38. Center of percussion is

(A) The point of C.G. (B) The point of metacentre (C) The point of application of the resultant of
all the forces tending to cause a body to rotate about a certain axis (D) Point of suspension

39. The width b and depth d of a beam cut from a wooden cylindrical log of 200 cm diameter for
maximum strength are:
(A) b = 57.73 cm d = 81.65 cm (B) b = 81.65 cm d = 57.73 cm (C) b = 115.47 cm d = 163.299 cm
(D) b = 40.00 cm d = 80.00 cm

40. A simply supported beam is subjected to a couple at centre. The rotation at support will be ---
a) ML/24EI b) ML/2EI c) Zero d) ML/EI

41. When a body is subjected to two equal and opposite pushes, as a result of which the body tends to
reduce its length, then

(A) The stress and strain induced is compressive (B) The stress and strain induced is tensile

(C) Both A and B is correct (D) None of these

42. A thin cylindrical shell of diameter (d) and thickness (t) is subjected to an internal pressure (p). The
ratio of longitudinal strain to volumetric strain is

(A) (m - 1)/ (2m - 1) (B) (2m - 1)/ (m - 1) (C) (m - 2)/ (3m - 4) (D) (m - 2)/ (5m - 4)

43. In the torsion equation T/J = τ/r = Gθ/ L, the term J/R is called
(A) Shear modulus (B) Section modulus (C) Polar modulus (D) None of these

44. Modulus of rigidity is defined as the ratio of

(A) Longitudinal stress to longitudinal strain (B) Volumetric stress to volumetric strain

(C) Lateral stress to Lateral strain (D) Shear stress to shear strain

45. Strain re-setters are used to

(A) Measure shear strain (B) Measure linear strain (C) Measure volumetric strain

(D) Relieve strain

46. When a rectangular beam is loaded transversely, the maximum compressive stress is developed on
the
 (A) Top layer (B) Bottom layer (C) Neutral axis (D) Every cross-section

47. In a uniform bar, supported at one end in position, the maximum stress under self weight of bar
shall occur at the

(A) Middle of bar (B) Supported end (C) Bottom end (D) None of these

48. When both ends of a column are fixed, the effective length is

(A) Its own length (B) Twice its length (C) Half its length (D) 1/√2 × its length

49. Slenderness of a column is zero when

(A) Ends are firmly fixed (B) Column is supported on all sides throughout the length

(C) Length is equal to radius of gyration (D) Length is twice the radius of gyration

50. Resilience is the

(A) Energy stored in a body when strained within elastic limits

(B) Energy stored in a body when strained up to the breaking of the specimen maximum strain

(C) Energy which can be stored in a body

(D) None of the above

51. A shaft revolving at ω rad/s transmits torque (T) in Nm. The power developed is

(A) T.ω watts (B) 2π. T.ω watts (C) 2π. T.ω/75 watts (D) 2π. T.ω/4500 watts

52. The buckling load for a given material depends on

(A) Slenderness ratio and area of cross-section (B) Poisson's ratio and modulus of elasticity

(C) Slenderness ratio and modulus of elasticity (D) Slenderness ratio, area of cross-section and
modulus of elasticity

53. When a beam is subjected to a bending moment, the strain in a layer is __________ the distance
from the neutral axis.
(A) Equal to (B) Directly proportional to (C) Inversely proportional to

(D) Independent of

54. In the tensile test, the phenomenon of slow extension of the material, i. e. stress increasing with the
time at a constant load is called

(A) Creeping (B) Yielding (C) Breaking (D) Plasticity

55. A bar of copper and steel form a composite system, which is heated to a temperature of 40°C. The
stress induced in the copper bar will be

(A) Tensile (B) Compressive (C) Shear (D) Zero

56. A boiler shell 200 cm diameter and plate thickness 1.5 cm is subjected to internal pressure of 1.5
MN/m, and then the hoop stress will be

(A) 30 MN/m² (B) 50 MN/m² (C) 100 MN/m² (D) 200 MN/m²

57. When a thin cylindrical shell is subjected to an internal pressure, the volumetric strain is (where ε₁ =
Hoop strain, and ε₂ = Longitudinal strain)
(A) 2ε₁ - ε₂ (B) 2ε₁ + ε₂ (C) 2ε₂ - ε₁ (D) 2ε₂ + ε₁

58. Shear stress induced in a shaft subjected to tension will be

(A) Maximum at periphery and zero at center (B) Maximum at center

 (C) Uniform throughout (D) None of the above
59. Strain is defined as the ratio of

(A) Change in volume to original volume (B) Change in length to original length

(C) Change in cross-sectional area to original cross-sectional area (D) Any one of the above

60. When a closely-coiled helical spring of mean diameter (D) is subjected to an axial load (W), the
deflection of the spring (δ) is given by (where d = Diameter of spring wire, n = No. of turns of the spring,
and C = Modulus of rigidity for the spring material)

(A) WD3n/Cd⁴ (B) 2WD3n/Cd⁴ (C) 4WD3n/Cd⁴ (D) 8WD3n/Cd⁴

61. Percentage reduction of area in performing tensile test on cast iron may be of the order of

(A) 50% (B) 25% (C) 0% (D) 15%

62. For the beam shown in the below figure, the shear force diagram between A and B is

(A) A horizontal line (B) A vertical line (C) An inclined line (D) A parabolic curve

63. When a body is subjected to a direct tensile stress (σx) in one plane accompanied by a simple shear
stress (τxy), the maximum normal stress is

(A) (σx/2) + (1/2) × √(σx² + 4 τ²xy) (B) (σx/2) - (1/2) × √(σx² + 4 τ²xy)

(C) (σx/2) + (1/2) × √(σx² - 4 τ²xy) (D) (1/2) × √(σx² + 4 τ²xy)

64. The materials which exhibit the same elastic properties in all directions are called

(A) Homogeneous (B) Inelastic (C) Isotropic (D) Isentropic

65. The ratio of lateral strain to the linear strain within elastic limit is known as

(A) Young's modulus (B) Bulk modulus (C) Modulus of rigidity

(D) Poisson's ratio

66. In the below figure, the plastic range occurs

(A) Before point A (B) Beyond point A (C) Between points A and D

(D) Between points D and E

67. Bulk modulus is the ratio of

(A) Linear stress to linear strain (B) Linear stress to lateral strain (C) Volumetric strain to
linear strain
 (D) Change in stress to volumetric strain
68. The shear force diagram for a simply supported beam carrying a uniformly distributed load
of w per unit length, consists of

(A) One right angled triangle (B) Two right angled triangles (C) One equilateral triangle

(D) Two equilateral triangles

69. Hooke's law holds good up to

(A) Yield point (B) Limit of proportionality (C) Breaking point (D) Elastic limit

70. The property of a material which allows it to be drawn into a smaller section is called

(A) Plasticity (B) Ductility (C) Elasticity (D) Malleability

71. The deformation of a bar under its own weight is _________ the deformation, if the same body is
subjected to a direct load equal to weight of the body.

(A) Equal to (B) Half (C) Double (D) Quadruple

72. The ratio of maximum shear stress developed in a rectangular beam and a circular beam of the
same cross-sectional area is

(A) 2/3 (B) ¾ (C) 1 (D) 9/8

73. Formula of calculating compressive stress as per IS codes is based on

(A) Straight line formula (B) Euler’s formula (C) Rankine’s formula (D) Secant
formula

74. Resilience of a material is considered when it is subjected to

(A) Frequent heat treatment (B) Fatigue (C) Creep (D) Shock loading

75. The shear force at the center of a simply supported beam with a gradually varying load from zero at
both ends to w per meter at the center, is

(A) Zero (B) wl/4 (C) wl/2 (D) wl²/2

76. The torsional rigidity of a shaft is expressed by the

(A) Maximum torque it can transmit

(B) Number of cycles it undergoes before failure

(C) Elastic limit up to which it resists torsion, shear and bending stresses

(D) Torque required to produce a twist of one radian per unit length of shaft
77. The limit of eccentricity for no tensile conditions for a column of circular section of diameter (d) is

(A) d/4 (B) d/8 (C) d/12 (D) d/16

78. The property of a material by virtue of which a body returns to its original, shape after removal of
the load is called

(A) Plasticity (B) Elasticity (C) Ductility (D) Malleability

79. The state of stress at a point in a loaded member is shown in the below figure. The magnitude of
maximum shear stress is
 (A) 10 MPa (B) 30 MPa (C) 50 MPa (D) 100 MPa

80. For a beam, as shown in the below figure, the deflection at C is (where E = Young's modulus for the
beam material, and I = Moment of inertia of the beam section.)

(A) Wl3/48 EI (B) Wa²b²/3EIl (C) [Wa/(a√3) x EIl] x (l² - a²)3/2

(D) 5Wl3/384 EI

81. When it is indicated that a member is elastic, it means that when force is applied, it will

(A) Not deform (B) Be safest (C) Stretch (D) Not stretch
82. The relation between Young's modulus (E), shear modulus (C) and bulk modulus (K) is given by

(A) E = 3K.C/(3K + C) (B) E = 6K.C/(3K + C) (C) E = 9K.C/(3K + C) (D) E

= 12K.C/(3K + C)
83. A body is subjected to a direct tensile stress of 300 MPa in one plane accompanied by a simple shear
stress of 200 MPa. The maximum shear stress will be

(A) -100 MPa (B) 250 MPa (C) 300 MPa (D) 400 MPa
84. A cylindrical section having no joint is known as

(A) Joint less section (B) Homogeneous section (C) Perfect section
(D) Seamless section
85. The neutral axis of a transverse section of a beam passes through the centre of gravity of the section
and is

(A) In the vertical plane (B) In the horizontal plane (C) In the same plane in which the
beam bends

(D) At right angle to the plane in which the beam bends

86. The value of Poisson's ratio for steel is between

(A) 0.01 to 0.1 (B) 0.23 to 0.27 (C) 0.25 to 0.33 (D) 0.4 to 0.6
87. The stress developed in a material at breaking point in extension is called
(A) Breaking stress (B) Fracture stress (C) Yield point stress (D) Ultimate tensile
stress
88. Maximum energy absorbed per unit volume without permanent distortion is
 (A) Resilience (B) Proof resilience (C) Modulus of resilience (D) Toughness

89. In a tensile test on mild steel specimen, the breaking stress as compared to ultimate tensile stress is

(A) More (B) Less (C) Same (D) More/less depending on composition
90. If the depth is kept constant for a beam of uniform strength, then its width will vary in proportional
to

(A) Bending moment (i.e. M) (B) Bending moment² (i.e. M²)

(C) Bending moment³ (i.e. M³) (D) Bending moment⁴ (i.e. M⁴)
91. In a tensile test, near the elastic limit zone, the
(A) Tensile strain increases more quickly (B) Tensile strain decreases more quickly

(C) Tensile strain increases in proportion to the stress

(D) Tensile strain decreases in proportion to the stress

92. The extension of a circular bar tapering uniformly from diameter d₁ at one end to diameter d₂ at the
other end and subjected to an axial pull of ‘P’ is given by

(A) δl = 4PE/ πl² (B) δl = 4πld²/PE (C) δl = 4Pl/πEd₁d₂ (D) δl = 4PlE/ πd₁d₂
93. The layer at the center of gravity of the beam as shown in the below figure, will be

(A) In tension (B) In compression (C) Neither in tension nor in compression

(D) None of these

94. Tensile strength of a material is obtained by dividing the maximum load during the test by the

(A) Area at the time of fracture (B) Original cross-sectional area

(C) Average of (A) and (B) (D) Minimum area after fracture
95 The section modulus of a circular section about an axis through its C.G., is

(A) πd²/4 (B) πd²/16 (C) πd3/16 (D) πd3/32

96. If a part is constrained to move and heated, it will develop

(A) Principal stress (B) Tensile stress (C) Compressive stress (D) Shear
stress
97. The moment of resistance of a balanced reinforced concrete beam is based on the stresses in

(A) Steel only (B) Concrete only (C) Steel and concrete both (D) None of these
98. The property of a material by virtue of which it can be beaten or rolled into plates is called

(A) Malleability (B) Ductility (C) Plasticity (D) Elasticity

99. A beam is loaded as cantilever. If the load at the end is increased, the failure will occur

(A) In the middle (B) At the tip below the load (C) At the support (D) Anywhere
100. A flitched beam is used to

(A) Change the shape of the beam (B) Effect the saving in material

(C) Equalize the strength in tension and compression (D) Increase the cross-section of the beam