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Tutorial 12

The document presents statistical analyses for four different claims regarding average distances driven, nicotine content in cigarettes, brand preference among smokers, and safety helmet forces. In each case, hypotheses are tested using significance levels of 0.01 or 0.10, with conclusions drawn based on Z or t values and p-values. The findings indicate insufficient evidence to reject the null hypotheses for the first three claims, while the fourth claim provides sufficient evidence to conclude that the population standard deviation exceeds 40 pounds.

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2 views

Tutorial 12

The document presents statistical analyses for four different claims regarding average distances driven, nicotine content in cigarettes, brand preference among smokers, and safety helmet forces. In each case, hypotheses are tested using significance levels of 0.01 or 0.10, with conclusions drawn based on Z or t values and p-values. The findings indicate insufficient evidence to reject the null hypotheses for the first three claims, while the fourth claim provides sufficient evidence to conclude that the population standard deviation exceeds 40 pounds.

Uploaded by

sfs181064
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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The Hong Kong Polytechnic University

AMA1606 Basic Statistics


Tutorial 12

Question 1.
It is claimed that an automobile is driven on the average not more than
12000 km per year. To test this claim, a random sample of 100 automobile
owners are asked to keep a record of the km they travel. Would you agree
with this claim if the random sample showed an average of 12500 km?
Assume the population standard deviation is 2400km and the distance
travelled is normally distributed. Use a 0.01 level of significance.

H 0 : μ=12000

H 1 : μ >12000

Reject H 0 if Z> Z 0.01=2.33


X−μ 12500−12000
Z= = =2.083
σ 2400
√n √100
Since Z=2.083<2.33 , therefore do not reject H 0. Insufficient evidence found
to show that the average distance is more than 12000 km per year at 0.01
level of significance.

p−¿value = P ( Z >2.083 )=0.0188.

Since p-value = 0.0188 > 0.01, do not reject H 0.

Question 2.
It is claimed that the average nicotine content of a cigarette does not
exceed 17.5 millligrams. To test this claim, the nicotine contents in
milligrams of 8 randomly selected cigarettes were examined.
21.0, 16.2, 21.5, 20.9, 15.7, 16.3, 17.8, 19.4
Is it in line with the manufacturer’s claim? Use a 10% significance level and
assume the nicotine content is normally distributed.
∑X
X= =18.6 , S=2.396426
n
Since X is normally distributed, but σ is unknown, X t n−1.
H 0 : μ=17.5

H 1 : μ >17.5

Reject H 0 if t >t 7 ; 0.1=1.415


X−μ 18.6−17.5
t= = =1.298296
S 2.396426
√n √8
Since t=1.3<1.415 , do not reject H 0. Insufficient evidence to show that the
average nicotine content exceeds 17.5 mg at 0.10 level of significance.

p-value cannot be found with our t-distribution table as our table does not
contain any information about P(t 7 >1.30). Of course, if you are using a
computer, this can be found as 0.1174.

Question 3.
A manufacturer of cigarettes claims that 20% of the smokers prefer brand
X. To test this claim, a random sample of 100 smokers are selected and
asked which brand they prefer. If 30 of the 100 smokers prefer brand X,
what conclusion do we draw? Use a 0.01 level of significance.

H 0 : p=0.2

H 1 : p ≠ 0.2

Reject H 0 if |Z|> Z 0.005=2.58


^p − p 0.3−0.2
Z= = =2.5

√ √pq
n
0.2∗0.8
100
Since Z=2.5<2.58 , do not reject H 0. Insufficient evidence is found to show
that the proportion of smokers who prefer brand X is not 0.2 at 0.01 level of
significance.
p-value ¿ 2 × P ( Z >2.5 )=0.0124> 0.01, therefore, do not reject H 0.

Question 4.
A manufacturer of hard safety hats for construction workers is concerned
about the mean and the variation of the forces its helmets transmits to
wearers when subjected to an external force. The manufacturer has
designed the helmets so that the mean force transmitted by the helmets to
the workers is 800 pounds (or less) with a standard deviation to be less than
40 pounds. Tests were run on a random sample of n=40 helmets, and the
sample mean and sample standard deviation were found to be 825 pounds
and 48.5 pounds, respectively. Do the data provide sufficient evidence, at
α =0.05 , to conclude that the population standard deviation exceeds 40
pounds?

H 0: σ 2=1600
2
H 1 : σ >1600

Reject H 0 if χ 2 > χ 239 ;0.05=54.5722

2( n−1 ) × S 2 39 × 48.52
χ= = =57.33609
σ2 1600

Since χ 2=57.34 >54.57 , therefore, reject H 0. Sufficient evidence is found to


show that the population standard deviation exceeds 40 pounds at 0.05
level of significance.

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