‫الرياضيات البحتة‬

‫الصف الثاني‬

‫التخصصات الصناعية (لغة انجليزية)‬

‫‪PURE MATHEMATICS‬‬
‫‪Second Grade‬‬
‫)‪For industrial (English‬‬

‫‪2nd.‬‬
‫‪2023 - 2024‬‬
‫الصف الثاني – تكنولوجيا الخدع والمؤثرات الفنية‬ ‫‪4‬‬
 Management and Operations Unit
for Schools of Applied Technology (MOUSAT)

Unit 1 : Differentiation
and Its Applications–Integration

Lesson Title Page

one Rules of differentiation 5

two Derivative of the product of two functions 9

three Derivative of the quotient of two functions 11

four Derivative of composite functions 14

five Derivative of trigonometric functions 17

Second Term

Derivative of trigonometric functions

six 20
(follow)
seven Equation of tangent 23

eight Equation of normal 26

nine Indefinite integration 29

ten Indefinite integration (follow) 33

eleven Test 37

twelve Evaluation 38

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 Management and Operations Unit
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Unit 1 : Differentiation and Its Applications

Dear student by the end of this unit you will recognize the following:
 The derivative of the constant function.
 The derivative of the function 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 𝑥 𝑛 .
 The derivative of the function 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 𝑥.
 The derivative of the function 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 𝑎𝑥 𝑛 .
 The derivative of the product of two functions.
 The derivative of the quotient of two functions.
𝑛
 The derivative of the function 𝑦 = (𝑓 (𝑥 )) .
 The derivative of trig. functions
 To find the equation of the tangent, the equation of the normal to a
curve at a point on it.
 Some rules of indefinite integration.

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Lesson One
Rules of differentiation (derivative)
Let 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥) , the first derivative of this function is symbolized as :
𝑑𝑦 𝑑
𝑦\ , 𝑓 \ (𝑥) , , (𝑓(𝑥))
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥

1. 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 𝑎 𝜖 𝑅 where 𝑎 is constant (independent on 𝑥 )  𝑓 \ (𝑥) = 0

2. 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 𝑥 𝑛 , 𝑛 𝜖 𝑅  𝑓 \ (𝑥 ) = 𝑛𝑥 𝑛−1
3. 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 𝑥  𝑓 \ (𝑥 ) = 1

Important note:
First derivative of 𝑓(𝑥 ) is equal to rate of change.

i.e. = slope of tangent = 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃

( where 𝜃 is inclination angle of the tangent with +ve X-axis )

Example (1)

Find the first derivative of of :

𝑑𝑦
 𝑦 = 2𝑥 7  = 14𝑥 6
𝑑𝑥

3
 𝑦= = 3𝑥 −4  𝑦 \ = −12𝑥 −5
𝑥4

1 3
1
 𝑓(𝑥) = 4√𝑥 = (𝑥 )4  𝑓 \ (𝑥 ) = 12𝑥 − 4
4

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Example (2)
Find the slope of the tangent to the curve of the function 𝑓 where 𝑓(𝑥 ) =
𝑥 2 − 𝑥 + 1 at the point (-2 , 7)
Solution
𝑓 \ (𝑥) = 2𝑥 − 1
at 𝑥 = −2
𝑓 \ (−2) = −5 ∴ slope of the tangent = –5
Example (3)
Prove that the tangent to the curve of the function 𝑦 = 3𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 at the
point (1 , -2) makes an angle of measure 45o with the positive direction of
X-axis Solution
∵ 𝑦 = 3𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 ∴ 𝑦 \ = 6𝑥 − 5
at 𝑥 = 1 ∴ 𝑦\ = 1
i.e. tan  = 1 ∴ 𝜃 = tan−1 1 = 45°

Example (4)
Find the points on the curve 𝑦 = 𝑥 3 − 3𝑥 2 at which the slope of the
tangent equals zero ( the tangent // X-axis )
Solution
𝑑𝑦
= 3𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 = 0  3𝑥(𝑥 − 2) = 0
𝑑𝑥
3𝑥 = 0 𝑜𝑟 𝑥−2=0
𝑥=0 𝑥=2
∴ 𝑦 = (0)3 − 3(0)2 𝑦 = (2)3 − 3(2)2
𝑦=0 𝑦 = −4
Points : (0 , 0) and (2 , – 4)

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𝑑𝑦
Example (5) If 𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 and = 7 at 𝑥 = 1 find 𝑚 .
𝑑𝑥

Solution:
𝑑𝑦
= 2𝑚𝑥 − 3 = 7
𝑑𝑥

2𝑚𝑥 = 10
2𝑚(1) = 10  𝑚=5

Example (6)
2
Find the slope of the tangent to the curve 𝑦 = 𝑥 − at 𝑥 = 1
𝑥

Solution
𝑦 = 𝑥 − 2𝑥 −1
𝑑𝑦
∴ = 1 + 2𝑥 −2
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
at 𝑥 = 1  = 1+2= 3
𝑑𝑥

∴ the slope of the tangent = 3

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EXERCISE (1)

1. Find the points on the curve 𝑦 = 𝑥 3 − 4𝑥 + 2 at which the slope of

the tangent = –1

2. Find the points on the curve 𝑦 = 2𝑥 3 − 𝑥 + 3 at which the slope of

the tangent = 5

3. Find the first derivative of :

a) 𝑦 = 𝑥 5 −3𝑥 2 + 5𝑥 − 9
b) 𝑦 = 2𝑥 2 + 5
1
4. Find the slope of the tangent to the curve 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 − at 𝑥 = 1
𝑥

5. Find the measure of the angle which the tangent to the curve

𝑦 = 2𝑥 3 + 3𝑥 makes with the positive direction of X-axis

at the point (-1 , 0).

6. Find the points on the curve 𝑦 = 𝑥 3 − 4𝑥 + 1 at which the tangent

makes an angle of measure 135o with the positive direction of X-axis.

7. If the slope of the tangent to the curve 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 + 𝑎𝑥 at the point

(1 , 3) is equal to 6 then, find the value of 𝑎 .

Differentiation & Dynamics Second secondary – second term 9

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Lesson Two
Derivative Of The Product Of Two Functions
𝑑𝑦
If 𝑦 = 𝑓 (𝑥 ) . 𝑔(𝑥) then, = 𝑓(𝑥 ) . 𝑔\ (𝑥 ) + 𝑔(𝑥 ) . 𝑓 \ (𝑥)
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
i.e. = first × (second)\ + second × (first)\
𝑑𝑥

Example (1)
Find the first derivative of the function 𝑦 = (3𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 4 − 5𝑥 2 + 2)
when 𝑥 = 0
Solution:
𝑑𝑦
= (3𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 + 1)(4𝑥 3 − 10𝑥) + (𝑥 4 − 5𝑥 2 + 2)(6𝑥 − 2)
𝑑𝑥
when 𝑥 = 0
𝑑𝑦
= (0 − 0 + 1)(0 − 0) + (0 − 0 + 2)(0 − 2)
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
= – 4
𝑑𝑥

Example (2)
Find the slope of the tangent to the curve of the function
𝑦 = (2𝑥 + 5)(3𝑥 2 − 1) at 𝑥 = −1
Solution:
𝑑𝑦
= (2𝑥 + 5)(6𝑥 ) + (3𝑥 2 − 1)(2)
𝑑𝑥
At 𝑥 = −1
𝑑𝑦
= (−2 + 5)(−6) + (3 − 1)(2) = -14
𝑑𝑥

∴ Slope of the tangent = –14

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EXERCISE (2)

1. Find the points on the curve 𝑦 = (𝑥 2 + 5)(𝑥 − 1) at which the

slope of the tangent is equal to - 2 .

2. Find the first derivative of :

a) 𝑦 = (𝑥 5 − 3𝑥)(5𝑥 − 9)

b) 𝑦 = (𝑥 2 + 5)(𝑥 2 − 3)

3. Find the slope of the tangent to the curve 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 (5𝑥 − 1) at 𝑥 = 1

4. Find the measure of the angle which the tangent to the curve 𝑦 =
(𝑥 3 + 3𝑥)(𝑥 − 5) makes with the positive direction of X-axis at the
point (-1 , 0).

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Lesson Three
Derivative Of The Quotient Of Two Functions
𝑓(𝑥)
If 𝑦 = where 𝑔(𝑥) ≠ 0
𝑔(𝑥)

𝑑𝑦 g(x) . f\ (x) − f(x). g\(x)

then, =
𝑑𝑥 [ g(x) ]2

dy denominator.(numerator)\ − numerator.(denominator)\
i.e. =
dx [denominator]2

Example (1)
3𝑥−2
Find the first derivative of the function 𝑦 = when 𝑥 = 1
2𝑥+3

Solution
𝑑𝑦 (2𝑥 + 3)(3) − (3𝑥 − 2)(2)
=
𝑑𝑥 (2𝑥 + 3)2

𝑑𝑦 ( 2 + 3) (3) − (3 − 2)(2) 13
when 𝑥 = 1  = ( 2 + 3 )2
=
𝑑𝑥 25

Example (2)
5𝑥 + 11
Find the first derivative of the function 𝑦 = when 𝑥 = 0
𝑥 +2

Solution
𝑑𝑦 (𝑥 + 2)(5) − (5𝑥 + 11)(1)
=
𝑑𝑥 (𝑥 + 2)2

𝑑𝑦 (0+ 2) ( 5 ) − ( 0 + 11) (1) −1

when 𝑥 = 0 = (0+2)2
=
𝑑𝑥 4

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Example (3)
𝑥2
If 𝑓(𝑥) = find 𝑓 \ (−1)
3𝑥+2

Solution:

\(
(3𝑥 + 2)(2𝑥 ) − 𝑥 2 (3)
𝑓 𝑥) =
(3𝑥 + 2)2

(−3 + 2)(−2) − 1(3)

𝑓 \ (−1) = = −1
(−3 + 2)2

Example (4)
𝑥−1
Find the measure of the angle which the tangent to the curve 𝑦 = 2
𝑥 −𝑥+1
makes with the positive direction of X-axis at the point (1 , 0).
Solution:

\
(𝑥 2 − 𝑥 + 1)(1) − (𝑥 − 1)(2𝑥 − 1)
𝑦 =
(𝑥 2 − 𝑥 + 1)2
(1−1+1) (1) − (1− 1) (2− 1)
At 𝑥 = 1 𝑦\ = (1−1+1)2
=1

tanθ = 1
θ = 45°

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EXERCISE (3)

2𝑥 + 3
1. Find the first derivative of the function 𝑦 = when 𝑥 = 3
𝑥−2

2
2. Find the slope of the tangent to the curve 𝑦 = 𝑥 − at 𝑥 = 1
𝑥

3. Find the measure of the angle which the tangent to the curve 𝑦 =
1+𝑥
makes with the positive direction of X-axis
1−𝑥
at the point (-1 , 0).

𝑥−2
4. Find the points on the curve 𝑦 = at which the slope of the
𝑥−1
tangent is equal to 1 .

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 Management and Operations Unit
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Lesson Four
Derivative Of Composite Functions

Corollary:
𝑑𝑦
If 𝑦 = (𝑓(𝑥))𝑛 , then: = 𝑛(𝑓(𝑥))𝑛−1 . 𝑓 \ (𝑥 )
𝑑𝑥

Example (1)
𝑑𝑦
If 𝑦 = (𝑥 3 + 3𝑥 2 − 1)7 then, find at 𝑥 = 0
𝑑𝑥

Solution:
𝑑𝑦
= 7(𝑥 3 + 3𝑥 2 − 1)6 . (3𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 )
𝑑𝑥

At 𝑥 = 0
𝑑𝑦
= 7(0 + 0 − 1)6 . (0 + 0) = 0
𝑑𝑥
Example (2)
Find the slope of the tangent to the curve of the function
𝑦 = 𝑥 (2𝑥 − 1)5 + 3 at the point (0 , 3).
Solution:
𝑑𝑦
= (𝑥 )[5(2𝑥 − 1)4 . (2)] + 1(2𝑥 − 1)5
𝑑𝑥
𝑎𝑡 𝑥 = 0
𝑑𝑦
= (0)[5(0 − 1)4 . (2)] + 1(0 − 1)5 = −1
𝑑𝑥
∴ slope of the tangent = –1

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Example (3)
𝑑𝑦
If 𝑦 = 𝑧 3 , 𝑧 = 2𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 + 1 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑎𝑡 𝑥 = 2
𝑑𝑥

Solution
𝑦 = (2𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 + 1)3
𝑑𝑦
∴ = 3(2𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 + 1)2 . (4𝑥 − 3)
𝑑𝑥

At 𝑥 = 2
𝑑𝑦
= 3(8 − 6 + 1)2 . (8 − 3) = 135
𝑑𝑥

Example (4)
𝑑𝑦
If 𝑦 = 2𝑧 3 , 𝑧 = √𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑎𝑡 𝑥 = 3
𝑑𝑥

Solution:
3
𝑦 = 2(√𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 )3 = 2(𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 )2
𝑑𝑦 1
∴ = 3(𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 )2 . ( 2𝑥 − 2 )
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 1
At 𝑥 = 3  = 3(9 − 6)2 . (6 − 2) = 12√3
𝑑𝑥

Example (5)
𝑑𝑦
If 𝑦 = (3𝑧 − 1)4 , 𝑧 = 𝑥(3𝑥 − 2) 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑎𝑡 𝑥 = 1
𝑑𝑥

Solution:
𝑦 = [3(3𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 ) − 1]4 = [9𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 − 1]4
𝑑𝑦
∴ = 4[9𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 − 1]3 . (18𝑥 − 6)
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
At 𝑥 = 1  = 4[9 − 6 − 1]3 . (18 − 6) = 384
𝑑𝑥

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EXERCISE (4)

𝑑𝑦
1. 𝐹𝑖𝑛𝑑 if 𝑦 = (2𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 − 5)5 at 𝑥 = 2
𝑑𝑥

3𝑥 2 +1
2. If 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = , 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑓 \ (𝑥) 𝑎𝑡 𝑥 = 1
𝑥 2 +2

𝑑𝑦
3. If 𝑦 = 𝑧 2 , 𝑧 = 𝑥 2 + 1, 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑎𝑡 𝑥 = −1
𝑑𝑥

𝑥 𝑑𝑦
4. If 𝑦 = 𝑧 3 , 𝑧 = 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛, 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑎𝑡 𝑥 = 1
𝑥+1 𝑑𝑥

𝑑𝑦
5. If 𝑦 = 𝑧 + 2 , 𝑧 = 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 , 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑎𝑡 𝑥 = 2
𝑑𝑥

𝑑𝑦
6. If 𝑦 = 𝑧 3 + 𝑧 , 𝑧 = 𝑥 2 − 𝑥 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛, 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑎𝑡 𝑥 = 2
𝑑𝑥

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Lesson Five
Derivative Of Trigonometric Functions
𝑑𝑦
1. 𝐼𝑓 𝑦 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥  = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
2. 𝐼𝑓 𝑦 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥  = −𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
3. 𝐼𝑓 𝑦 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥  = 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥
𝑑𝑥

Corollaries:

𝑑𝑦
1. 𝐼𝑓 𝑦 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏)  = 𝑎 𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏)
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
2. 𝐼𝑓 𝑦 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏)  = −𝑎 𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏)
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
3. 𝐼𝑓 𝑦 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛(𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏)  = 𝑎 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 (𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏)
𝑑𝑥

Example (1)
Find the first derivative of the function 𝑦 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛4𝑥
Solution:
𝑑𝑦
= 4 𝑐𝑜𝑠 4𝑥
𝑑𝑥
Example (2)
Find the first derivative of the function 𝑦 = cos (2𝑥 + 5)
Solution:
𝑑𝑦
= − 2 𝑠𝑖𝑛(2𝑥 + 5)
𝑑𝑥
Example (3)
Find the first derivative of the function 𝑦 = 𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑥
Solution:
𝑑𝑦
= 𝑥 (2 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥 ) + 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑥
𝑑𝑥
= 2𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑥

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Example (4)
𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑥
Find the first derivative of the function 𝑦 = 𝑎𝑡 𝑥 = 𝜋
𝑐𝑜𝑠3𝑥

Solution:

𝑑𝑦 𝑐𝑜𝑠3𝑥 ( 2𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥 ) − 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑥 (−3𝑠𝑖𝑛3𝑥)

=
𝑑𝑥 (𝑐𝑜𝑠3𝑥)2

𝑎𝑡 𝑥 = 𝜋
𝑑𝑦 cos 3𝜋 (2 cos 2𝜋 ) − sin 2𝜋 (−3 sin 3𝜋) (−1)(2)−0(0)
= = = −2
𝑑𝑥 (𝑐𝑜𝑠3𝜋)2 (−1)2

Example (5)
Find the first derivative of the function 𝑦 = 2𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 − 𝑡𝑎𝑛5𝑥
Solution:
𝑑𝑦
= −2𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 − 5𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 5𝑥
𝑑𝑥

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EXERCISE (5)

Find the first derivative of each of the following functions:

1. 𝑦 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛2𝑥

2. 𝑦 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑥 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛3𝑥

3. 𝑦 = 𝑥𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 − 𝑥 2

4. 𝑦 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑥 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠3𝑥

5. 𝑦 = 2𝑥 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑥 𝑎𝑡 𝑥 = 0

6. 𝑦 = cos 2𝑥 + sin 5𝑥

7. 𝑦 = tan (3𝑥 + 2)

8. 𝑦 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥. 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 𝑎𝑡 𝑥 = 𝜋

9. 𝑦 = (3𝑥 − cos 2𝑥)3

10. 𝑦 = 𝑥 3 cos 2𝑥

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Lesson six
Derivative Of Trigonometric Functions (follow)
Example (1)
𝜋
If 𝑦 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛 (2𝑥 + ) 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑦 \ 𝑎𝑡 𝑥 = 𝜋
3
Solution:
𝜋 𝜋 1
𝑦 \ = 2𝑐𝑜𝑠 (2𝑥 + ) = 2𝑐𝑜𝑠 (2𝜋 + ) = 2 × =1
3 3 2

Example (2) If 𝑦 = 2𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 , prove that: 𝑦 \ = 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑥 + 2𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥

Solution Note:

𝑦 = 𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑥 Sin2x = 2sinx . cosx

𝑦 \ = 𝑥( 2𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥) + 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑥 = 2𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑥

Example (3)

𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 1
If 𝑦 = , prove that: 𝑦 \ =
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥+𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 1+𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑥

Solution

𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 (𝑠 𝑖𝑛𝑥 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 ) − 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 (𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 )

𝑦\ =
(𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 )2

𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥− 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑥

=
𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑥 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥 + 2𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥

1
=
1 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑥

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Example (4)
𝑑𝑦 𝜋
If 𝑦 = √1 + 𝐶𝑜𝑠2𝑥 , find 𝑎𝑡 𝑥 =
𝑑𝑥 4

Solution:
1
𝑦 = (1 + 𝐶𝑜𝑠2𝑥) 2

−1
\ 1
∴ 𝑦 = (1 + Cos 2𝑥) 2 (− 2 Sin 2𝑥)
2
𝜋
When 𝑥 =  𝑦 \ = −1
4

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EXERCISE (6)

𝑑𝑦 𝜋
1. If 𝑦 = 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑥 . 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 , find 𝑎𝑡 𝑥 =
𝑑𝑥 4

2. If 𝑦 = (𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥)2 , prove that: 𝑦 \ = 2𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥

𝑑
3. Find (2𝑥 2 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥) 𝑎𝑡 𝑥 = 𝜋
𝑑𝑥

1
4. If 𝑦 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛3 𝑥 , prove that: 𝑦 \ = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 3 𝑥
3

𝑥 𝑑𝑦 𝜋
5. If 𝑦 = , find 𝑎𝑡 𝑥 =
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 𝑑𝑥 2

𝑑𝑦 𝜋
6. If 𝑦 = 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥 , find 𝑎𝑡 𝑥 =
𝑑𝑥 2

𝑑 𝑥 𝜋
7. Find ( ) 𝑎𝑡 𝑥 =
𝑑𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠3𝑥 3

8. Find the slope of the tangent to the curve 𝑦 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑥. 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 𝑎𝑡 𝑥 =

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Lesson seven
Equation of Tangent
Slope of the tangent to a curve:
Remember: 𝐿𝑒𝑡 𝑚1 , 𝑚2 𝑏𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑙𝑜𝑝𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑡𝑤𝑜 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑠 𝐿1 , 𝐿2
1. 𝐼𝑓 𝐿1 // 𝐿2 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛, 𝑚1 = 𝑚2
2. 𝐼𝑓 𝐿1 ⊥ 𝐿2 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛, 𝑚1 𝑚2 = −1
3. Equation of the tangent to a curve at any point (𝑥1 , 𝑦1 ) is
( 𝑦 − 𝑦1 ) = 𝑚 (𝑥 − 𝑥1 )

Example (1) Find the equation of the tangent to the curve

y = 2x 3 − 4x 2 + 3 at the point (2,3) which lies on the curve.
Solution:
y \ = 6x 2 − 8x
When x = 2 , y \ = 8
Equation of the tangent ∶ y − 3 = 8(x − 2)
y − 8x + 13 = 0
x−1
Example (2) Find the equation of the tangent to the curve y =
x2 −x+1

at the point (1,0) which lies on the curve.

Solution:
1(x2 − x + 1 )− ( x − 1) ( 2x − 1)
y\ = (x2 − x + 1)2

When x = 1 ,
1(1 − 1 + 1) − (1 − 1)(2 − 1)
y\ = m=1
(1 − 1 + 1)2
Equation of the tangent ∶ y − 0 = 1(x − 1)
y = x−1

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Example (3)
Find the equation of the tangent to the curve y = (2x + 5)(3x 2 − 1)
at x = 0.
Solution:
y \ = (2x + 5)(6x) + (3x 2 − 1)(2)
at x = 0 ,
∴ y \ = −2 = the slop of the tangent
and y = (0 + 5)(0 − 1) = −5
 point (0, −5)
Equation of the tangent ∶ y + 5 = −2(x − 0)
y + 2x + 5 = 0

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EXERCISE (7)

2
1. Find the equation of the tangent to the curve y = x − at x = 1
x

x−2
2. Find the equation of the tangent to the curve y = at x = 2
x−3

3. Find the equation of the tangent to the curve

y = (x 2 + 5)(x − 1) at x = 2

4. Find the equation of the tangent to the curve

y = x 2 (5x − 1) at x = 3

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Lesson eight
Equation Of Normal

Equation of the normal to a curve at any point (x1 , y1 ) is :

−1
y − y1 = (x − x1 )
m

Example (1) Find the equation of the normal to the curve

y = 2x 3 − 4x 2 at the point (2,0) which lies on the curve
Solution:
y \ = 6x 2 − 8x
When x = 2 , y \ = 8
−1
Equation of the normal ∶ y−0 = (x − 2)
8

8y + x − 2 = 0
Example (2)
x−1
Find the equation of the normal to the curve y =
x2 −x +1

at the point (1,0) which lies on the curve.

Solution:
1( x2 − x + 1) − ( x − 1) ( 2x − 1 )
y\ = ( x2 − x + 1 )2

When x = 1 ,
1 (1− 1+ 1) − (1−1) (2−1)
y\ = (1 − 1 + 1)2

, m=1
Equation of the normal ∶ y − 0 = −1(x − 1)
y+x−1= 0

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Example (3)
Find the equation of the normal to the curve y = (2x + 5)(3x 2 − 1)
at x = 0.

Solution:
y \ = (2x + 5)(6x) + (3x 2 − 1)(2)
When x = 0 ,
∴ y \ = −2 = m (slope of tangent)
and y = (0 + 5)(0 − 1) = −5
 point (0, −5)
1
Equation of the normal ∶ y + 5 = (x − 0)
2

2y − x + 10 = 0

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EXERCISE (8)

2
1. Find the equation of the normal to the curve y = x − at x = 2
x

x−2
2. Find the equation of the normal to the curve y = at x = 2
x−3

3. Find the equation of the normal to the curve

y = (x 2 + 5)(x − 1) at x = 1

4. Find the equation of the normal to the curve

y = x 2 (5x − 1) at x = 1

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Lesson nine
Indefinite Integration
Rules:
𝑛 𝑥 𝑛+1
1. ∫ 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = + 𝑐
𝑛+1

2. ∫ 𝑎 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑐

𝑛 (𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏)𝑛+1
3. ∫(𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏) 𝑑𝑥 = + 𝑐
𝑎(𝑛+1)

𝑛+1
[ 𝑓(𝑥) ]
𝑛 \(
4. ∫ [ 𝑓(𝑥 )] . [𝑓 𝑥 )] 𝑑𝑥 = +𝑐
𝑛+1

Example (1)
Find: (a) ∫ 5𝑥 𝑑𝑥 (b) ∫(3𝑥 2 − 𝑥 + 1) 𝑑𝑥
Solution:
5
a) ∫ 5𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥 2 + 𝑐
2
1
b) ∫(3𝑥 2 − 𝑥 + 1) 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥 3 − 𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + 𝑐
2

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Example (2)
Find: ∫(𝑥 − 2)(𝑥 − 1)(𝑥 + 1) 𝑑𝑥
Solution:
∫(𝑥 − 2)(𝑥 − 1)(𝑥 + 1). 𝑑𝑥 = ∫(𝑥 − 2)(𝑥 2 − 1) 𝑑𝑥
= ∫(𝑥 3 − 2𝑥 2 − 𝑥 + 2) 𝑑𝑥
𝑥4 2𝑥 3 𝑥 2
= − − + 2𝑥 + 𝑐
4 3 2
𝑥 2 +𝑚2 𝑥
Example (3) Find: ∫ 𝑑𝑥 , 𝑚 𝑖𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡
𝑥

Solution:
𝑥 2 + 𝑚2𝑥 1
∫ 𝑑𝑥 = ∫(𝑥 + 𝑚2 ) 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥 2 + 𝑚2 𝑥 + 𝑐
𝑥 2

1
Example (4) Find: ∫(𝑥 + )2 𝑑𝑥
𝑥
Solution:
1 1
∫(𝑥 + 𝑥 )2 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ (𝑥 2 + 2 + 𝑥2 ) 𝑑𝑥
1
= ∫(𝑥 2 + 2 + 𝑥 −2 ) 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥 3 + 2𝑥 − 𝑥 −1 + 𝑐
3

Example (5) Find: ∫(7𝑥 − 3 )8 𝑑𝑥

Solution:
8 (7𝑥−3 )9
∫(7𝑥 − 3 ) 𝑑𝑥 =
9x7
+ 𝑐
(7𝑥−3 )9 1
= + 𝑐 = (7𝑥 − 3 )9 + 𝑐
63 63

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Example (6) Find : ∫(2𝑥 + 11)(√2𝑥 + 11)𝑑𝑥

Solution:
1
∫(2𝑥 + 11)(2𝑥 + 11)2 𝑑𝑥
5
3 5
(2𝑥+11)2 1
= ∫(2𝑥 + 11) 2 𝑑𝑥 = 5 + 𝑐= ( 2𝑥 + 11 )
2 +𝑐
x2 5
2

Example (7) Find: ∫ 2𝑥 (𝑥 2 + 2)5 𝑑𝑥

Solution:
( 𝑥 2 + 2)6
∫ 2𝑥 (𝑥 2 + 2)5 𝑑𝑥 = 6
+ 𝑐

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EXERCISE (9)

𝐹𝑖𝑛𝑑

1. ∫ 𝑥(𝑥 + 3) 𝑑𝑥

2. ∫ 𝑥 2 (4𝑥 + 2) 𝑑𝑥

3. ∫(𝑥 − 4)(𝑥 + 4) 𝑑𝑥

𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 −3
4. ∫ 𝑑𝑥
𝑥−1

𝑥 3 + 27
5. ∫ 𝑑𝑥
𝑥+3

6. ∫(2𝑥 − 4)5 𝑑𝑥

7. ∫ 𝑥 2 (4𝑥 3 − 1)7 𝑑𝑥

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Lesson ten
Indefinite Integration(follow)

Integrals of some trig. functions:

1. ∫ 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = −𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 + 𝑐

2. ∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 + 𝑐

3. ∫ 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 + 𝑐

Corollaries:

1
1. ∫ sin(𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏) 𝑑𝑥 = − 𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏) + 𝑐
𝑎

1
2. ∫ cos(𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏) 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛 (𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏) + 𝑐
𝑎

1
3. ∫ 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 (𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏) 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛(𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏) + 𝑐
𝑎

Remember:
sin2x + cos2x = 1 cos2x = cos2x – sin2x
1 1
1 + tan2x = sec2x = 2 cos2x – 1 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥 = + 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥
2 2
1 1
1 + cot2x = csc2x = 1 – 2 sin2x 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑥 = − 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥
2 2

Sin2x = 2sinx . cosx

2tanx
tan2x =
1 − tan2 x

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Example (1): ∫(𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 ) 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 + 𝑐

Example (2): ∫(𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 + 𝑐

Example (3): ∫(1 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥)2 𝑑𝑥

= ∫(1 + 2𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑥 ) 𝑑𝑥

1 1 3 1
= ∫ (1 + 2𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 + − 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ ( + 2𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥) 𝑑𝑥
2 2 2 2
3 1
= 𝑥 − 2𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑥 + 𝑐
2 4

Example (4): ∫(𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠)2 𝑑𝑥

= ∫(𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑥 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥 + 2𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥) 𝑑𝑥

1
= ∫(1 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑥 ) . 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥 + 𝑐
2

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𝑠𝑖𝑛3 𝑥 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 3𝑥
Example (5): ∫ 𝑑𝑥
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥

(𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥) (𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑥 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥)

=∫ 𝑑𝑥
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥

= ∫(1 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥) . 𝑑𝑥

1 1
= ∫(1 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥 + 𝑐
2 4

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EXERCISE (10)

𝐹𝑖𝑛𝑑

1. ∫(7𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 − 2𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 ) 𝑑𝑥

2. ∫( 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑥 − 5𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 ) 𝑑𝑥

3. ∫( 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 + 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥 ) 𝑑𝑥

4. ∫ sin (7𝑥 + 3) 𝑑𝑥

5. ∫ cos (5 − 2𝑥 ) 𝑑𝑥

6. ∫ 2𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

7. ∫ (𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑥) 𝑑𝑥

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Unit TEST

FIRST QUESTION:
1. Find the measure of the angle which the tangent to the curve 𝑦 =
2𝑥 3 + 3𝑥 makes with the positive direction of X-axis at the point (-1
, 0).
2. Find the slope of the tangent to the curve of the function

𝑦 = 𝑥 2 (5𝑥 − 1) at 𝑥 = 1.
SECOND QUESTION:
2𝑥+3
1. Find the first derivative of the function 𝑦 = when 𝑥 = 3
𝑥−2

𝑑𝑦
2. If 𝑦 = 𝑧 + 2 , 𝑧 = 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛, 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑎𝑡 𝑥 = 2
𝑑𝑥

THIRD QUESTION:
1. Find the first derivative of the function 𝑦 = 𝑥𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 − 𝑥 2

2. 𝐹𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑡𝑜 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑣𝑒

𝑦 = 2𝑥 3 − 4𝑥 2 + 3 𝑎𝑡 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡 (2,3) 𝑤ℎ𝑖𝑐ℎ 𝑙𝑖𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑣𝑒.
FOURTH QUESTION:
𝐹𝑖𝑛𝑑
1. ∫ 𝑥 2 (4𝑥 + 2) 𝑑𝑥

2. ∫ cos (5 − 2𝑥 ) 𝑑𝑥

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EVALUATION

Differentiation & Dynamics Second secondary – second term 39