DERIVATIVE

UNIT-2: DERIVATIVE
 Definition (Derivative by first principle)
𝒅𝒚
Derivative of function 𝒚 = 𝒇(𝒙) with respect to 𝒙 is denoted by and is given by
𝒅𝒙

𝒅𝒚 𝒇(𝒙 + 𝒉) − 𝒇(𝒙)
= 𝐥𝐢𝐦 [ ]
𝒅𝒙 𝒉→𝟎 𝒉

For example:

𝒅𝒚
Find by first principle if 𝒚 = 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒙
𝒅𝒙

Given 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒙

∴ 𝒇(𝒙 + 𝒉) = 𝐬𝐢𝐧(𝒙 + 𝒉)

𝒅𝒚 𝒇(𝒙 + 𝒉) − 𝒇(𝒙) 𝐬𝐢𝐧(𝒙 + 𝒉) − 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒙

= 𝐥𝐢𝐦 [ ] = 𝐥𝐢𝐦 [ ]
𝒅𝒙 𝒉→𝟎 𝒉 𝒉→𝟎 𝒉

𝒙+𝒉+𝒙 𝒙+𝒉−𝒙 𝒉
𝟐 𝐜𝐨𝐬 ( ) 𝐬𝐢𝐧 ( ) 𝐬𝐢𝐧 (
= 𝐥𝐢𝐦 𝟐 𝟐 𝒉
= 𝐥𝐢𝐦 𝟐 𝐜𝐨𝐬 (𝒙 + ) 𝟐)
𝒉→𝟎 𝒉 𝒉→𝟎 𝟐 𝒉

𝒉
𝒉 𝐬𝐢𝐧 (𝟐 ) 𝟏 𝟏
= 𝐥𝐢𝐦 𝟐 𝐜𝐨𝐬 (𝒙 + ) × == 𝐥𝐢𝐦 𝟐 𝐜𝐨𝐬(𝒙 + 𝟎) × 𝟏 × = 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒙
𝒉→𝟎 𝟐 𝒉 𝟐 𝒉→𝟎 𝟐
𝟐

 DERIVATIVE OF STANDARD FUNCTIONS

𝒅𝒚
1. 𝑰𝒇 𝒚 = 𝒙𝒏 𝒕𝒉𝒆𝒏 = 𝒏𝒙𝒏−𝟏
𝒅𝒙

𝒅𝒚 𝟏
2. 𝑰𝒇 𝒚 = √𝒙 𝒕𝒉𝒆𝒏 =𝟐
𝒅𝒙 √𝒙

𝟏 𝒅𝒚 𝟏
3. 𝑰𝒇 𝒚 = 𝒙 𝒕𝒉𝒆𝒏 = − 𝒙𝟐
𝒅𝒙

𝒅𝒚
4. 𝑰𝒇 𝒚 = 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒙 𝒕𝒉𝒆𝒏 𝒅𝒙
= 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒙

SMS 1
 DERIVATIVE

𝒅𝒚
5. 𝑰𝒇 𝒚 = 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒙 𝒕𝒉𝒆𝒏 = − 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒙
𝒅𝒙

𝒅𝒚
6. 𝑰𝒇 𝒚 = 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝒙 𝒕𝒉𝒆𝒏 = 𝐬𝐞𝐜 𝟐 𝒙
𝒅𝒙

𝒅𝒚
7. 𝑰𝒇 𝒚 = 𝐜𝐨𝐭 𝒙 𝒕𝒉𝒆𝒏 = − 𝐜𝐨𝐬𝐞𝐜 𝟐 𝒙
𝒅𝒙

𝒅𝒚
8. 𝑰𝒇 𝒚 = 𝐜𝐨𝐬𝐞𝐜 𝒙 𝒕𝒉𝒆𝒏 = − 𝐜𝐨𝐬𝐞𝐜 𝒙 . 𝐜𝐨𝐭 𝒙
𝒅𝒙

𝒅𝒚
9. 𝑰𝒇 𝒚 = 𝐬𝐞𝐜 𝒙 𝒕𝒉𝒆𝒏 = 𝐬𝐞𝐜 𝒙 . 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝒙
𝒅𝒙

𝒅𝒚
10. 𝑰𝒇 𝒚 = 𝒆𝒙 𝒕𝒉𝒆𝒏 = 𝒆𝒙
𝒅𝒙

𝒅𝒚
11. 𝑰𝒇 𝒚 = 𝒂𝒙 𝒕𝒉𝒆𝒏 = 𝒂𝒙 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝒂
𝒅𝒙

𝒅𝒚 𝟏
12. 𝑰𝒇 𝒚 = 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝒙 𝒕𝒉𝒆𝒏 =𝒙
𝒅𝒙

𝒅𝒚 𝟏
13. 𝑰𝒇 𝒚 = 𝐬𝐢𝐧−𝟏 𝒙 𝒕𝒉𝒆𝒏 =
𝒅𝒙 √𝟏−𝒙𝟐

𝒅𝒚 −𝟏
14. 𝑰𝒇 𝒚 = 𝐜𝐨𝐬 −𝟏 𝒙 𝒕𝒉𝒆𝒏 =
𝒅𝒙 √𝟏−𝒙𝟐

𝒅𝒚 𝟏
15. 𝑰𝒇 𝒚 = 𝐭𝐚𝐧−𝟏 𝒙 𝒕𝒉𝒆𝒏 = 𝟏+𝒙𝟐
𝒅𝒙

𝒅𝒚 −𝟏
16. 𝑰𝒇 𝒚 = 𝐜𝐨𝐭 −𝟏 𝒙 𝒕𝒉𝒆𝒏 = 𝟏+𝒙𝟐
𝒅𝒙

𝒅𝒚 𝟏
17. 𝑰𝒇 𝒚 = 𝐬𝐞𝐜 −𝟏 𝒙 𝒕𝒉𝒆𝒏 =
𝒅𝒙 𝒙.√𝒙𝟐 −𝟏

𝒅𝒚 −𝟏
18. 𝑰𝒇 𝒚 = 𝐜𝐨𝐬𝐞𝐜 −𝟏 𝒙 𝒕𝒉𝒆𝒏 =
𝒅𝒙 𝒙√𝒙𝟐 −𝟏

 RULES FOR DIFFERENTITION

𝒅
Rule 1: (𝑲) = 𝟎 when K is constant
𝒅𝒙

𝒅 𝒅𝒖
Rule 2: (𝒌𝒖) = 𝒌 where k is constant and u is function of 𝒙
𝒅𝒙 𝒅𝒙

SMS 2
 DERIVATIVE
𝒅 𝒅𝒖 𝒅𝒗 𝒅𝒘
Rule 3: (𝒖 ± 𝒗 ± 𝒘) = ± ± where u, v, w are functions of 𝒙
𝒅𝒙 𝒅𝒙 𝒅𝒙 𝒅𝒙

𝒅 𝒅𝒗 𝒅𝒖
Rule 4: (𝒖. 𝒗) = 𝒖. + 𝒗. 𝒅𝒙 where u, v are functions of 𝒙
𝒅𝒙 𝒅𝒙

𝒅𝒖 𝒅𝒗
𝒅 𝒖 𝒗. −𝒖.
Rule 5: ( )= 𝒅𝒙 𝒅𝒙
where u, v are functions of 𝒙
𝒅𝒙 𝒗 𝒗𝟐

 DERIVATIVE OF COMPOSITE FUNCTIONS

Standard function Composite Function

𝑥𝑛 (𝑥 2 + 1)5 , (2𝑥 + 5)9 , sin2 𝑥 , cos 3 𝑥

√𝑥 √𝑥 2 − 1 , √sin 𝑥 , √1 + 𝑒 𝑥

sin 𝑥 𝑥
sin(2𝑥) , sin ( ) , sin(3𝑥)
2
𝑒𝑥 −1
𝑒 2𝑥+1 , 𝑒 sin 𝑥 , 𝑒 sin 𝑥

log 𝑥 log(1 + 𝑥 2 ) , log(2𝑥 − 1) , log(sin 𝑥)

sin−1 𝑥 sin−1(cos 𝑥) , sin−1 (1 + 𝑥 2 ) , sin−1(𝑒 𝑥 )

Note: There are 18 Standard functions; we can construct 18 types Composite

functions. If we know the derivative of Standard functions then we can find easily
derivative of Composite functions.

𝒅 𝒅 𝒅𝒖
i.e. we know (𝒙𝒏 ) = 𝒏𝒙𝒏−𝟏 ∴ (𝒖𝒏 ) = 𝒏𝒖𝒏−𝟏
𝒅𝒙 𝒅𝒙 𝒅𝒙
where 𝒖 is any function of 𝒙.

Examples:
𝑑
1. Find (𝑥 2 + 1)5
𝑑𝑥

𝑑 2 𝑑 2
(𝑥 + 1)5 = 5(𝑥 2 + 1)5−1 (𝑥 + 1) = 5(𝑥 2 + 1)4 (2𝑥 + 0)
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥

= 10𝑥(𝑥 2 + 1)4

𝑑
2. Find cos 3 𝑥
𝑑𝑥

SMS 3
 DERIVATIVE
𝑑 𝑑
cos 3 𝑥 = 3 cos3−1 𝑥 (cos 𝑥) = 3 cos2 𝑥 (− sin 𝑥)
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥

= −3 cos 2 𝑥 . sin 𝑥

𝑑
3. Find log(2𝑥 − 1)
𝑑𝑥

𝑑 1 𝑑 1
log(2𝑥 − 1) = (2𝑥 − 1) = (2 − 0)
𝑑𝑥 2𝑥 − 1 𝑑𝑥 2𝑥 − 1

2
=
2𝑥 − 1

𝑑 𝑥
4. Find sin (2)
𝑑𝑥

𝑑 𝑥 𝑥 𝑑 𝑥 𝑥 1 1 𝑥
sin ( ) = cos ( ) ( ) = cos ( ) . = cos ( )
𝑑𝑥 2 2 𝑑𝑥 2 2 2 2 2

𝑑 −1 𝑥
5. Find 𝑒 sin
𝑑𝑥

𝑑 sin−1 𝑥 −1 𝑑 −1 1
𝑒 = 𝑒 sin 𝑥 (sin−1 𝑥) = 𝑒 sin 𝑥 .
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 √1 − 𝑥 2

𝑑
6. Find sin−1(cos 𝑥)
𝑑𝑥

𝑑 1 𝑑
sin−1(cos 𝑥) = (cos 𝑥)
𝑑𝑥 √1 − cos2 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

1 − sin 𝑥
= . (− sin 𝑥) = = −1
√1 − cos 2 𝑥 sin 𝑥

 Now we solve more examples. If possible first simplify, covert into

standard form then differentiate.

a) Differentiate w.r.to 𝒙:
𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝟏𝟎 𝒙 + 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝒙 𝒙 + 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝟏𝟎 𝟏𝟎

Ans.: Let 𝑦 = log10 𝑥 + log 𝑥 𝑥 + log10 10

log 𝑥
𝑦= +1+1
log 10

SMS 4
 DERIVATIVE

log 𝑥 𝑑𝑦 1 𝑑 𝑑
𝑦= +2 ∴ = (log 𝑥) + (2)
log 10 𝑑𝑥 log 10 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝑑𝑦 1 1 1
= . +0=
𝑑𝑥 log 10 𝑥 𝑥 log 10

b) Differentiate w.r.to 𝒙: 𝒙𝟐 . 𝐭𝐚𝐧−𝟏 𝒙

Ans.: Let 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 . tan−1 𝑥

𝑑𝑦 𝑑 𝑑
∴ = 𝑥2 (tan−1 𝑥) + tan−1 𝑥 (𝑥 2 ) ….By Product Rule
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝑑𝑦 1 𝑥2
= 𝑥2 + tan −1
𝑥 . 2𝑥 = + 2𝑥 tan−1 𝑥
𝑑𝑥 1 + 𝑥2 1 + 𝑥2

𝟏−𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒙
c) Differentiate w.r.to 𝒙: 𝐥𝐨𝐠 √𝟏+𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒙

1−cos 𝑥
Ans.: Let 𝑦 = log √1+cos 𝑥

𝑥 𝑥
2 sin2 (2) sin 2
𝑦 = log √ 𝑥 = log ( 𝑥)
2 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 (2) cos 2

𝑥 𝑑𝑦 1 𝑑 𝑥
𝑦 = log (tan ) ∴ = 𝑥 (tan )
2 𝑑𝑥 tan 𝑑𝑥 2
2

𝑥 𝑥
𝑑𝑦 1 𝑥 𝑑 𝑥 sec 2 2 1 sec 2 2
2
= . sec . ( ) = 𝑥 .2 =
𝑑𝑥 tan 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 2 tan
𝑥
2 tan 2
2 2

SMS 5
 DERIVATIVE

 DERIVATIVE OF INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC

FUNCTIONS
Most of the problems of COMPOSITE INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC
FUNCTIONS can be solved by using Properties of Inverse Trigonometric
Functions. Here Trigonometric Formulae play important role.
For examples: sin−1 (cos 𝑥) , cos−1 (4 cos 3 𝑥 − 3 cos 𝑥) , tan−1(√𝑥 2 − 1)
etc.

Q.1 Differentiate the following functions w.r.to 𝒙:

a) 𝐬𝐢𝐧−𝟏 (𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒙)

−1
Let 𝑦 = sin (cos 𝑥)

𝜋 𝜋
𝑦 = sin−1 sin ( − 𝑥) ….. By formula sin ( − 𝑥) = cos 𝑥
2 2

𝑑𝑦
𝑦 = −𝑥 ∴ = −1
𝑑𝑥

𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒙
b) 𝐭𝐚𝐧−𝟏 (𝟏+𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒙)

sin 𝑥
Let 𝑦 = tan−1 (1+cos 𝑥)

𝑥 𝑥
2 sin cos 𝑥 𝑥
−1
𝑦 = tan ( 2
𝑥
2
) ….. By formula sin 𝑥 = 2 sin 2 cos 2
2 𝑐𝑜𝑠2 ( )
2

𝑥
sin 𝑥
𝑦 = tan−1 ( 2
𝑥 ) and 1 + cos 𝑥 = 2 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 (2)
cos
2

𝑥
𝑦 = tan−1 (tan )
2

𝑥 𝑑𝑦 1
𝑦= ∴ =
2 𝑑𝑥 2

𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒙−𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒙
c) 𝐭𝐚𝐧−𝟏 (𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒙+𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒙)

cos 𝑥−sin 𝑥
Let 𝑦 = tan−1 (cos 𝑥+sin 𝑥)

1−tan 𝑥
𝑦 = tan−1 (1+tan 𝑥) ….. Dividing by cos 𝑥

SMS 6
 DERIVATIVE

𝜋
tan −tan 𝑥 𝜋
𝑦 = tan−1 ( 𝜋
4
) …… As tan 4 = 1
1+tan tan 𝑥
4

𝜋 tan 𝐴−tan 𝐵
𝑦 = tan−1 tan (4 − 𝑥) ….. By formula tan(𝐴 − 𝐵) = 1+tan 𝐴 tan 𝐵

𝜋 𝑑𝑦
𝑦= −𝑥 ∴ = 0 − 1 = −1
4 𝑑𝑥

 SUBSTITUTION METHOD
What we have to substitute in the given problem, it depends upon the given
algebraic expression. Here also Trigonometric Formulae play important role.
If there is substitute Use Trigonometric Formula
1 − sin2 𝜃 = cos 2 𝜃
𝑥 = sin 𝜃
1 − 𝑥2
1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝜃 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝜃
𝑥 = cos 𝜃
1 + tan2 𝜃 = 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝜃
𝑥 = tan 𝜃
1 + 𝑥2
1 + 𝑐𝑜𝑡 2 𝜃 = cosec 2 𝜃
𝑥 = cot 𝜃
sec 2 𝜃 − 1 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝜃
𝑥 = sec 𝜃
𝑥2 − 1
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝜃 − 1 = cot 2 𝜃
𝑥 = cosec 𝜃
2 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝜃 − 1 = cos 2𝜃
2𝑥 2 − 1 𝑥 = cos 𝜃
1 − 2 sin2 𝜃 = cos 2𝜃
1 − 2𝑥 2 𝑥 = sin 𝜃
3 sin 𝜃 − 4 sin3 𝜃 = sin 3𝜃
3𝑥 − 4𝑥 3 𝑥 = sin 𝜃
4 𝑐𝑜𝑠 3 𝜃 − 3 cos 𝜃 = cos 3𝜃
4𝑥 3 − 3𝑥 𝑥 = cos 𝜃
2 tan 𝜃
2𝑥 = sin 2𝜃
1 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝜃
1 + 𝑥2
1 − 𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝜃
1 − 𝑥2 = cos 2𝜃
𝑥 = tan 𝜃 1 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝜃
1 + 𝑥2
2 tan 𝜃
2𝑥 = tan 2𝜃
1 − 𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝜃
1 − 𝑥2

SMS 7
 DERIVATIVE
Q.2 Differentiate the following functions w.r.to 𝒙:

a) 𝐬𝐢𝐧−𝟏 (𝟒𝒙𝟑 − 𝟑𝒙)

Let 𝑦 = sin−1(4𝑥 3 − 3𝑥) Put 𝑥 = cos 𝜃 ∴ 𝜃 = cos −1 𝑥

𝑦 = sin−1 (4 𝑐𝑜𝑠 3 𝜃 − 3 cos 𝜃)

𝑦 = sin−1 (cos 3𝜃)

𝜋
𝑦 = sin−1 sin ( − 3𝜃)
2
𝜋
𝑦 = 2 − 3𝜃 ……. But 𝜃 = cos−1 𝑥

𝜋 𝑑𝑦 −1 3
𝑦 = 2 − 3 cos −1 𝑥 ∴ = 0 − 3 (√1−𝑥 2 ) = √1−𝑥 2
𝑑𝑥

√𝟏−𝒙𝟐
b) 𝐭𝐚𝐧−𝟏 ( )
𝒙

√1−𝑥 2
Let 𝑦 = tan−1 ( )
𝑥

Put 𝑥 = cos 𝜃 ∴ 𝜃 = cos −1 𝑥

√1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝜃
𝑦 = tan−1 ( )
cos 𝜃

sin 𝜃
𝑦 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( )
cos 𝜃

𝑦 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 (tan 𝜃)

𝑦=𝜃 ……. But 𝜃 = cos −1 𝑥

𝑑𝑦 −1
𝑦 = cos−1 𝑥 ∴ = √1−𝑥 2
𝑑𝑥

𝟐𝒙
c) 𝐜𝐨𝐬 −𝟏 (𝟏+𝒙𝟐 )

2𝑥
Let 𝑦 = cos−1 (1+𝑥 2 ) Put 𝑥 = tan 𝜃 ∴ 𝜃 = tan−1 𝑥

SMS 8
 DERIVATIVE

2 tan 𝜃
𝑦 = cos−1 ( )
1 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝜃

𝑦 = cos−1 (sin 2𝜃)

𝜋
𝑦 = cos−1 cos ( − 2𝜃)
2
𝜋
𝑦 = 2 − 2𝜃 but 𝜃 = tan−1 𝑥

𝜋 𝑑𝑦 1 −2
𝑦= − 2 tan−1 𝑥 ∴ = 0−2 2
=
2 𝑑𝑥 1+𝑥 1 + 𝑥2

 IN SOME PROBLEMS WE HAVE TO APPLY FOLLOWING FORMULA

FIRST THEN WE DIFFERENTIATE.

𝐴+𝐵
1. tan−1 (1−𝐴.𝐵) = tan−1 𝐴 + tan−1 𝐵

𝐴−𝐵
2. tan−1 (1+𝐴.𝐵) = tan−1 𝐴 − tan−1 𝐵

Q.3 Differentiate the following functions w.r.to 𝒙:

𝟏𝟑𝒙
a) 𝐭𝐚𝐧−𝟏 (𝟏−𝟒𝟐𝒙𝟐 )

13𝑥
Let 𝑦 = tan−1 (1−42𝑥 2 )

6𝑥 + 7𝑥
𝑦 = tan−1 ( )
1 − 6𝑥. 7𝑥

𝑦 = tan−1 6𝑥 + tan−1 7𝑥

Diff. w.r.to 𝑥

𝑑𝑦 1 𝑑 1 𝑑
∴ = 2
(6𝑥) + 2
(7𝑥)
𝑑𝑥 1 + (6𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 1 + (7𝑥) 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 6 7
∴ = +
𝑑𝑥 1 + 36𝑥 2 1 + 49𝑥 2

𝒂+𝒃 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒙
b) 𝐭𝐚𝐧−𝟏 (𝒃−𝒂 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒙)

SMS 9
 DERIVATIVE

𝑎 + 𝑏 cos 𝑥
𝑦 = tan−1 ( )
𝑏 − 𝑎 cos 𝑥

𝑎
+ cos 𝑥
𝑦 = tan−1 ( 𝑏 𝑎 )
1 − cos 𝑥
𝑏

𝑎
𝑦 = tan−1 (𝑏) + tan−1(cos 𝑥) ……… By formula

Diff. w.r.to 𝑥

𝑑𝑦 1 𝑑
∴ =0+ (cos 𝑥)
𝑑𝑥 1 + (cos 𝑥)2 𝑑𝑥

𝑑𝑦 − sin 𝑥
∴ =
𝑑𝑥 1 + cos2 𝑥

SMS 10
 DERIVATIVE

 DERIVATIVE OF IMPLICITE FUNCTIONS

𝒅𝒚
If equation in terms of 𝒙 and 𝒚 is given; how to find .
𝒅𝒙
Method: 1) Differentiate L.H.S and R.H.S of given equation term by term.
𝒅𝒚
2) Find , by doing algebraic operations
𝒅𝒙

If there is Derivative w.r.to 𝒙

2𝑥
𝑥2
𝑑𝑦
𝑦 2 2𝑦
𝑑𝑥

cos 𝑥
sin 𝑥
𝑑𝑦
sin 𝑦 cos 𝑦
𝑑𝑥

𝑑
cos(𝑥𝑦) (𝑥𝑦)
𝑑𝑥
sin(𝑥𝑦)
𝑑𝑦
= cos(𝑥𝑦) [𝑥 + 𝑦. 1]
𝑑𝑥

𝒅𝒚
Q.1 Find if
𝒅𝒙

a) 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 − 𝟒𝒙 + 𝟔𝒚 + 𝟑 = 𝟎

Ans. 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 4𝑥 + 6𝑦 + 3 = 0

Differentiate w.r.to 𝑥

𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦
2𝑥 + 2𝑦 −4+6 +0=0
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝑑𝑦
(2𝑦 + 6) = 4 − 2𝑥
𝑑𝑥

𝑑𝑦 4 − 2𝑥
=
𝑑𝑥 2𝑦 + 6

𝑑𝑦 2 − 𝑥
=
𝑑𝑥 𝑦 + 3

SMS 11
 DERIVATIVE
𝟑 𝟑
b) 𝒙 + 𝒚 = 𝟑𝒂𝒙𝒚

Ans. 𝑥 3 + 𝑦 3 = 3𝑎𝑥𝑦

Differentiate w.r.to 𝑥

𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦
3𝑥 2 + 3𝑦 2 = 3𝑎 [𝑥 + 𝑦. 1]
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦
3𝑥 2 + 3𝑦 2 = 3𝑎𝑥 + 3𝑎𝑦
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝑑𝑦
(3𝑦 2 − 3𝑎𝑥) = 3𝑎𝑦 − 3𝑥 2
𝑑𝑥

𝑑𝑦 3𝑎𝑦 − 3𝑥 2 𝑑𝑦 𝑎𝑦 − 𝑥 2
= ∴ =
𝑑𝑥 3𝑦 2 − 3𝑎𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑦 2 − 𝑎𝑥

c) 𝒙 = 𝐜𝐨𝐬(𝒙𝒚)

Ans. 𝑥 = cos(𝑥𝑦)

Differentiate w.r.to 𝑥

𝑑
1 = − sin(𝑥𝑦) (𝑥𝑦)
𝑑𝑥

𝑑𝑦
1 = − sin(𝑥𝑦) [𝑥 + 𝑦. 1]
𝑑𝑥

𝑑𝑦
1 = −𝑥 sin(𝑥𝑦) − 𝑦 sin(𝑥𝑦)
𝑑𝑥

𝑑𝑦
𝑥 sin(𝑥𝑦) = −1 − 𝑦 sin(𝑥𝑦)
𝑑𝑥

𝑑𝑦 −[1 + 𝑦 sin(𝑥𝑦)]
∴ =
𝑑𝑥 𝑥 sin(𝑥𝑦)

SMS 12
 DERIVATIVE

 IN SOME IMPLICIT FUNCTIONS WE HAVE TO TAKE

FIRST LOGARITHM BOTH SIDES THEN WE
DIFFERENTIATE.

𝒅𝒚 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝒙
a) If 𝒙𝒚 = 𝒆𝒙−𝒚 Prove that = (𝟏+𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝒙)𝟐
𝒅𝒙

Ans. 𝑥 𝑦 = 𝑒 𝑥−𝑦

Taking Log both sides

𝑦 log 𝑥 = (𝑥 − 𝑦) log 𝑒

𝑦 log 𝑥 = 𝑥 − 𝑦 …………… as 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝒆 = 𝟏

Before differentiation, express 𝒚 in terms of 𝒙

𝑦 + 𝑦 log 𝑥 = 𝑥

(1 + log 𝑥)𝑦 = 𝑥

𝑥
∴ 𝑦=
1 + log 𝑥

Now differentiate w.r.to 𝑥

1
𝑑𝑦 (1+log 𝑥).1−𝑥(0+ )
= (1+log 𝑥)2
𝑥
…………..Applying division formula
𝑑𝑥

𝑑𝑦 1 + log 𝑥 − 1
=
𝑑𝑥 (1 + log 𝑥)2

𝑑𝑦 log 𝑥
∴ =
𝑑𝑥 (1 + log 𝑥)2

𝒅𝒚 𝒚
b) If 𝒙𝟏𝟑 𝒚𝟕 = (𝒙 + 𝒚)𝟐𝟎 Prove that =𝒙
𝒅𝒙

Ans. 𝑥13 𝑦 7 = (𝑥 + 𝑦)20

Taking Log both sides

13 log 𝑥 + 7 log 𝑦 = 20 log(𝑥 + 𝑦)

SMS 13
 DERIVATIVE
Now differentiate w.r.to 𝑥

13 7 𝑑𝑦 20 𝑑
+ = (𝑥 + 𝑦)
𝑥 𝑦 𝑑𝑥 𝑥 + 𝑦 𝑑𝑥

13 7 𝑑𝑦 20 𝑑𝑦
+ = (1 + )
𝑥 𝑦 𝑑𝑥 𝑥 + 𝑦 𝑑𝑥

13 7 𝑑𝑦 20 20 𝑑𝑦
+ = +
𝑥 𝑦 𝑑𝑥 𝑥 + 𝑦 𝑥 + 𝑦 𝑑𝑥

7 20 𝑑𝑦 20 13
( − ) = −
𝑦 𝑥 + 𝑦 𝑑𝑥 𝑥 + 𝑦 𝑥

7𝑥 + 7𝑦 − 20𝑦 𝑑𝑦 20𝑥 − 13𝑥 − 13𝑦

[ ] =[ ]
𝑦(𝑥 + 𝑦) 𝑑𝑥 𝑥(𝑥 + 𝑦)

7𝑥 − 13𝑦 𝑑𝑦 7𝑥 − 13𝑦
[ ] =[ ]
𝑦(𝑥 + 𝑦) 𝑑𝑥 𝑥(𝑥 + 𝑦)

𝑑𝑦 (7𝑥 − 13𝑦) 𝑦(𝑥 + 𝑦)

∴ =
𝑑𝑥 𝑥(𝑥 + 𝑦) (7𝑥 − 13𝑦)

𝑑𝑦 𝑦
∴ =
𝑑𝑥 𝑥

 LOGARITHMIC DIFFERENTIATION METHOD

SMS 14
 DERIVATIVE
This method is applicable when there is (1) a product and division of more than two
functions and (2) a function of the type [𝒇(𝒙)]𝒈(𝒙) i.e. base and power both function
of 𝒙 .
Method: Take Log both sides, apply the laws of logarithms and then differentiate
w. r. to 𝒙.

If there is Derivative w.r.to 𝒙

1
log 𝑥 𝑥
1 𝑑 2
(2𝑥 + 1) =
log(2𝑥 + 1) 2𝑥 + 1 𝑑𝑥 2𝑥 + 1

1 𝑑𝑦
log 𝑦 𝑦 𝑑𝑥

Q.1 Differentiate w. r. to 𝒙

𝟑
(𝟐𝒙−𝟏) ⁄𝟐
a) 𝟓 𝟏
(𝒙+𝟏) ⁄𝟑 (𝟑𝒙−𝟐) ⁄𝟑

3
(2𝑥−1) ⁄2
Let 𝑦= 5 1
(𝑥+1) ⁄3 (3𝑥−2) ⁄3

Taking Log both sides

3 5 1
log 𝑦 = log(2𝑥 − 1) − log(𝑥 + 1) − log(3𝑥 − 2)
2 3 3

Differentiating w. r. to 𝑥 , we get

1 𝑑𝑦 3 1 𝑑 5 1 𝑑 1 1 𝑑
= (2𝑥 − 1) − ( 𝑥 + 1) − (3𝑥 − 2)
𝑦 𝑑𝑥 2 (2𝑥 − 1) 𝑑𝑥 3 (𝑥 + 1) 𝑑𝑥 3 (3𝑥 − 2) 𝑑𝑥

1 𝑑𝑦 3 2 5 1 1 3
= − −
𝑦 𝑑𝑥 2 (2𝑥 − 1) 3 (𝑥 + 1) 3 (3𝑥 − 2)

1 𝑑𝑦 3 5 1
= − −
𝑦 𝑑𝑥 (2𝑥 − 1) 3(𝑥 + 1) (3𝑥 − 2)
Multiplying both sides by 𝒚

SMS 15
 DERIVATIVE
𝑑𝑦 3 5 1
∴ = 𝑦[ − − ]
𝑑𝑥 (2𝑥 − 1) 3(𝑥 + 1) (3𝑥 − 2)

b) 𝒆𝟐𝒙 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟒𝒙 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟑𝒙

Let 𝑦 = 𝑒 2𝑥 sin 4𝑥 cos 3𝑥

Taking Log both sides

log 𝑦 = 2𝑥 log 𝑒 + log(sin 4𝑥) + log(cos 3𝑥)

log 𝑦 = 2𝑥 + log(sin 4𝑥) + log(cos 3𝑥) ……… as log 𝑒 = 1

Differentiating w. r. to 𝑥 , we get

1 𝑑𝑦 1 𝑑 1 𝑑
=2+ (sin 4𝑥) + (cos 3𝑥)
𝑦 𝑑𝑥 sin 4𝑥 𝑑𝑥 cos 3𝑥 𝑑𝑥

1 𝑑𝑦 cos 4𝑥 𝑑 − sin 3𝑥 𝑑
=2+ (4𝑥) + (3𝑥)
𝑦 𝑑𝑥 sin 4𝑥 𝑑𝑥 cos 3𝑥 𝑑𝑥

1 𝑑𝑦
= 2 + cot 4𝑥 . 4 − tan 3𝑥 . 3
𝑦 𝑑𝑥

Multiplying both sides by 𝒚

𝑑𝑦
∴ = 𝑦[2 + 4 cot 4𝑥 − 3 tan 3𝑥]
𝑑𝑥

 Q.2 Differentiate w. r. to 𝒙

a) 𝒙𝒙

Let 𝑦 = 𝑥𝑥

Taking Log both sides

log 𝑦 = 𝑥 log 𝑥
Differentiating w. r. to 𝑥 , we get

1 𝑑𝑦 1
= 𝑥. + log 𝑥 . 1
𝑦 𝑑𝑥 𝑥

SMS 16
 DERIVATIVE

1 𝑑𝑦
= 1 + log 𝑥
𝑦 𝑑𝑥

Multiplying both sides by 𝒚

𝑑𝑦
∴ = 𝑦(1 + log 𝑥)
𝑑𝑥

𝟏
b) 𝒙𝒙

𝟏
Let 𝑦 = 𝒙𝒙

Taking Log both sides

1
log 𝑦 = log 𝑥
𝑥

log 𝑥
log 𝑦 =
𝑥

Differentiating w. r. to 𝑥 , we get

𝑑 𝑑
1 𝑑𝑦 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 (log 𝑥) − log 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 (𝑥)
=
𝑦 𝑑𝑥 𝑥2

1
1 𝑑𝑦 𝑥. 𝑥 − log 𝑥 . 1
=
𝑦 𝑑𝑥 𝑥2

1 𝑑𝑦 1 − log 𝑥
=
𝑦 𝑑𝑥 𝑥2

Multiplying both sides by 𝒚

𝑑𝑦 1 − log 𝑥
∴ = 𝑦( )
𝑑𝑥 𝑥2

c) (𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒙)𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝒙

Let 𝑦 = (𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒙)𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝒙

Taking Log both sides

SMS 17
 DERIVATIVE

log 𝑦 = tan 𝑥 log(sin 𝑥)

Differentiating w. r. to, we get

1 𝑑𝑦 𝑑 𝑑
= tan 𝑥 [log(sin 𝑥)] + log(sin 𝑥) [tan 𝑥]
𝑦 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥

1 𝑑𝑦 1 𝑑
= tan 𝑥 . . (sin 𝑥) + log(sin 𝑥) . sec 2 𝑥
𝑦 𝑑𝑥 sin 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

1 𝑑𝑦 cos 𝑥
= tan 𝑥 . + sec 2 𝑥 log(sin 𝑥)
𝑦 𝑑𝑥 sin 𝑥

1 𝑑𝑦
= tan 𝑥 . cot 𝑥 + sec 2 𝑥 log(sin 𝑥)
𝑦 𝑑𝑥

1 𝑑𝑦
= 1 + sec 2 𝑥 log(sin 𝑥)
𝑦 𝑑𝑥

Multiplying both sides by 𝒚

𝑑𝑦
∴ = 𝑦[1 + sec 2 𝑥 log(sin 𝑥)]
𝑑𝑥

d) 𝒙𝒂 + 𝒂𝒙 + 𝒙𝒙 + 𝒂𝒂

Let 𝑦 = 𝑥 𝑎 + 𝑎 𝑥 + 𝑥 𝑥 + 𝑎𝑎 and 𝑢 = 𝑥𝑥

∴ 𝑦 = 𝑥 𝑎 + 𝑎 𝑥 + 𝑢 + 𝑎𝑎

𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑢
∴ = 𝑎𝑥 𝑎−1 + 𝑎 𝑥 log 𝑎 + +0
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑢
∴ = 𝑎𝑥 𝑎−1 + 𝑎 𝑥 log 𝑎 + 𝑑𝑥 ………… (1)
𝑑𝑥

𝒅𝒖
Now we have to find 𝒅𝒙
∴ Consider 𝒖 = 𝒙𝒙

Taking Log both sides

log 𝑢 = 𝑥 log 𝑥

SMS 18
 DERIVATIVE
Differentiating w. r. to, we get

1 𝑑𝑢 1
= 𝑥. + log 𝑥 . 1
𝑢 𝑑𝑥 𝑥

1 𝑑𝑢
= 1 + log 𝑥
𝑢 𝑑𝑥

Multiplying both sides by 𝒖

𝑑𝑢
∴ = 𝑢(1 + log 𝑥) but 𝒖 = 𝒙𝒙
𝑑𝑥

𝑑𝑢
∴ = 𝒙𝒙 (1 + log 𝑥)
𝑑𝑥

𝒅𝒖
Substitute in equation (1)
𝒅𝒙

𝑑𝑦
∴ = 𝑎𝑥 𝑎−1 + 𝑎 𝑥 log 𝑎 + 𝒙𝒙 (1 + log 𝑥)
𝑑𝑥

SMS 19
 DERIVATIVE

 DERIVATIVE OF PARAMETRIC FUNCTIONS

𝒅𝒚
To find when both 𝒙 and 𝒚 are function of third variable 𝜽.
𝒅𝒙
i.e. 𝒙 = 𝒇(𝜽) and 𝒚 = 𝒈(𝜽)

𝒅𝒚
𝒅𝒙 𝒅𝒚 𝒅𝒚 𝒅𝜽
Find & and use formula = 𝒅𝒙
𝑑𝜃 𝒅𝜽 𝒅𝒙
𝒅𝜽

𝒅𝒚
Q. Find if
𝒅𝒙

1. 𝒙 = 𝒂 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝜽 , 𝒚 = 𝒂 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝜽

Ans. 𝒙 = 𝒂 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝜽

Differentiating w. r. to 𝜃

𝒅𝒙
= 𝑎(− sin 𝜃) = −𝑎 sin 𝜃
𝑑𝜃

And 𝒚 = 𝒂 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝜽

Differentiating w. r. to 𝜃

𝑑𝑦
= 𝑎 cos 𝜃
𝑑𝜃

𝑑𝑦
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝜃 𝑎 cos 𝜃
∴ = = = − cot 𝜃
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 −𝑎 sin 𝜃
𝑑𝜃
𝝅
2. 𝒙 = 𝒂(𝜽 + 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝜽) , 𝒚 = 𝒂(𝟏 − 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝜽) at 𝜽 = 𝟐

Ans. 𝒙 = 𝒂(𝜽 + 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝜽)

Differentiating w. r. to 𝜃

𝒅𝒙
= 𝑎(1 + cos 𝜃)
𝑑𝜃

And 𝒚 = 𝒂(𝟏 − 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝜽)

Differentiating w. r. to 𝜃

SMS 20
 DERIVATIVE
𝑑𝑦
= 𝑎[0 − (− sin 𝜃)] = 𝑎 sin 𝜃
𝑑𝜃

𝑑𝑦
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝜃 𝑎 sin 𝜃 sin 𝜃
∴ = = =
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑎(1 + cos 𝜃) (1 + cos 𝜃)
𝑑𝜃
𝜋
∴ At 𝜃 = 2

𝜋
𝑑𝑦 sin 2 1
= 𝜋 = =1
𝑑𝑥 (1 + cos ) 1 + 0
2

𝝅
3. 𝒙 = 𝒂(𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒕 + 𝒕. 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒕) , 𝒚 = 𝒂(𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒕 − 𝒕. 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒕) at 𝒕 = 𝟒

Ans. 𝒙 = 𝒂(𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒕 + 𝒕. 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒕)

Differentiating w. r. to 𝑡

𝒅𝒙
= 𝑎[− sin 𝑡 + (𝑡 cos 𝑡 + sin 𝑡 . 1)]
𝑑𝑡

𝒅𝒙
= 𝑎[− sin 𝑡 + 𝑡 cos 𝑡 + sin 𝑡] = 𝑎𝑡 cos 𝑡
𝑑𝑡

And 𝒚 = 𝒂(𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒕 − 𝒕. 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒕)

Differentiating w. r. to 𝑡

𝒅𝑦
= 𝑎{cos 𝑡 − [𝑡(− sin 𝑡) + cos 𝑡 . 1]}
𝑑𝑡

𝒅𝑦
= 𝑎{cos 𝑡 + 𝑡 sin 𝑡 − cos 𝑡} = 𝑎𝑡 sin 𝑡
𝑑𝑡

𝑑𝑦
𝑑𝑦 𝑎𝑡 sin 𝑡
∴ = 𝑑𝑡 = = tan 𝑡
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑎𝑡 cos 𝑡
𝑑𝑡
𝜋
∴ At 𝑡 = 4

𝑑𝑦 𝜋
= tan = 1
𝑑𝑥 4

SMS 21
 DERIVATIVE

 DERIVATIVE OF ONE FUNCTION WITH RESPECTIVE

ANOTHER FUNCTION
To find derivative 𝑓(𝑥) w. r. to 𝑔(𝑥)

Method: Let 𝑢 = 𝑓(𝑥) and 𝑣 = 𝑔(𝑥)

𝑑𝑢
𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑣 𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑥
Find 𝑑𝑥 & and use formula = 𝑑𝑣
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑣
𝑑𝑥

 Examples

1. Differentiate sin2x w. r. to cos3x

Ans. Let 𝑢 = sin2 𝑥 and 𝑣 = cos 3 𝑥

𝑢 = sin2 𝑥

Differentiate w. r. to 𝒙

𝑑𝑢 𝑑
= 2 sin 𝑥 (sin 𝑥) = 2 sin 𝑥 cos 𝑥
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥

Now 𝑣 = cos3 𝑥

Differentiate w. r. to 𝒙

𝑑𝑣 𝑑
= 3 cos 2 𝑥 (cos 𝑥) = 3 cos2 𝑥 (− sin 𝑥) = −3 sin 𝑥 cos 2 𝑥
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝑑𝑢
𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑥 2 sin 𝑥 cos 𝑥 2 1 2
∴ = = =− = − sec 𝑥
𝑑𝑣 𝑑𝑣 −3 sin 𝑥 cos 𝑥 2 3 cos 𝑥 3
𝑑𝑥

2. Differentiate 𝐥𝐨𝐠(𝟏 + 𝒙𝟐 ) w. r. to 𝐭𝐚𝐧−𝟏 𝒙

Ans. Let 𝑢 = log(1 + 𝑥 2 ) and 𝑣 = tan−1 𝑥

𝑢 = log(1 + 𝑥 2 )

SMS 22
 DERIVATIVE
Differentiate w. r. to 𝒙

𝑑𝑢 1 𝑑 1 2𝑥
= 2
(1 + 𝑥 2 ) = 2
. 2𝑥 =
𝑑𝑥 1 + 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 1+𝑥 1 + 𝑥2

Now 𝑣 = tan−1 𝑥

Differentiate w. r. to 𝒙

𝑑𝑣 1
=
𝑑𝑥 1 + 𝑥 2

𝑑𝑢 2𝑥
𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑥 1 + 𝑥 2 = 2𝑥
∴ = =
𝑑𝑣 𝑑𝑣 1
𝑑𝑥 1 + 𝑥2

𝟐𝒙 𝟐𝒙
3. Differentiate 𝐭𝐚𝐧−𝟏 (𝟏−𝒙𝟐 ) w. r. to 𝐬𝐢𝐧−𝟏 (𝟏+𝒙𝟐 )

2𝑥 𝟐𝒙
Ans. Let 𝑢 = tan−1 (1−𝑥 2 ) and 𝑣 = 𝐬𝐢𝐧−𝟏 (𝟏+𝒙𝟐 )

2𝑥
𝑢 = tan−1 (1−𝑥 2 ) Put 𝑥 = tan 𝜃 ∴ 𝜃 = tan−1 𝑥

2 tan 𝜃
𝑢 = tan−1 (1−tan2 𝜃)

𝑢 = tan−1(tan 2𝜃)

𝑢 = 2𝜃 but 𝜃 = tan−1 𝑥

𝑢 = 2 tan−1 𝑥

𝑑𝑢 2
∴ =
𝑑𝑥 1 + 𝑥 2

𝟐𝒙
Now 𝑣 = 𝐬𝐢𝐧−𝟏 (𝟏+𝒙𝟐 ) Put 𝑥 = tan 𝜃 ∴ 𝜃 = tan−1 𝑥

2 tan 𝜃
𝑣 = sin−1 ( )
1 + tan2 𝜃

𝑣 = sin−1 (sin 2𝜃)

𝑣 = 2𝜃 but 𝜃 = tan−1 𝑥

SMS 23
 DERIVATIVE

𝑣 = 2 tan−1 𝑥

𝑑𝑣 2
∴ =
𝑑𝑥 1 + 𝑥 2

𝑑𝑢 2𝑥
𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑥 2
∴ = = 1+𝑥 =1
𝑑𝑣 𝑑𝑣 2
𝑑𝑥 1 + 𝑥2

4. Differentiate 𝐜𝐨𝐬 −𝟏 (𝟐𝒙𝟐 − 𝟏) w. r. to 𝐬𝐢𝐧−𝟏 (𝟐𝒙√𝟏 − 𝒙𝟐 )

Ans. Let 𝑢 = 𝐜𝐨𝐬 −𝟏 (𝟐𝒙𝟐 − 𝟏) and 𝑣 = 𝐬𝐢𝐧−𝟏 (𝟐𝒙√𝟏 − 𝒙𝟐 )

𝑢 = 𝐜𝐨𝐬 −𝟏 (𝟐𝒙𝟐 − 𝟏) Put 𝑥 = cos 𝜃 ∴ 𝜃 = cos−1 𝑥

𝑢 = 𝐜𝐨𝐬 −𝟏 (𝟐 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟐 𝜽 − 𝟏)

𝑢 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1 (cos 2𝜃)

𝑢 = 2𝜃 but 𝜃 = cos −1 𝑥

𝑢 = 2 cos −1 𝑥

𝑑𝑢 −2
∴ =
𝑑𝑥 √1 − 𝑥 2

Now 𝑣 = 𝐬𝐢𝐧−𝟏 (𝟐𝒙√𝟏 − 𝒙𝟐 ) Put 𝑥 = cos 𝜃 ∴ 𝜃 = cos −1 𝑥

𝑣 = sin−1 (2 cos 𝜃 √1 − 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟐 𝜽)

𝑣 = sin−1 (2 cos 𝜃 sin 𝜃)

𝑣 = sin−1 (sin 2𝜃)

𝑣 = 2𝜃 but 𝜃 = cos −1 𝑥

𝑣 = 2 𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1 𝑥

𝑑𝑣 −2
∴ =
𝑑𝑥 √1 − 𝑥 2

SMS 24
 DERIVATIVE

𝑑𝑢 −2
𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑥 2
∴ = = √1 − 𝑥 = 1
𝑑𝑣 𝑑𝑣 −2
𝑑𝑥 √1 − 𝑥 2

 SECOND ORDER DERIVATIVE

Let 𝒚 = 𝒇(𝒙) be the given function. If we differentiate twice the given function, we
𝒅𝟐 𝒚
get Second Order Derivative
𝒅𝒙𝟐

 Examples

𝒅𝟐 𝒚
Q1. Find if
𝒅𝒙𝟐

a) 𝒚 = 𝟒𝒙𝟓 − 𝟑𝒙𝟒 + 𝟐𝒙𝟐 + 𝟕

Ans. 𝑦 = 4𝑥 5 − 3𝑥 4 + 2𝑥 2 + 7

Differentiating w. r. to 𝑥 , we get

𝑑𝑦
= 4(5𝑥 4 ) − 3(4𝑥 3 ) + 2(2𝑥) + 0
𝑑𝑥

𝑑𝑦
= 20𝑥 4 − 12𝑥 3 + 4𝑥
𝑑𝑥

Again differentiating w. r. to 𝑥 , we get

𝑑2𝑦
= 20(4𝑥 3 ) − 12(3𝑥 2 ) + 4(1)
𝑑𝑥 2

𝑑2𝑦
= 80𝑥 3 − 36𝑥 2 + 4
𝑑𝑥 2

b) 𝒚 = 𝒙𝟑 − 𝟗𝒙𝟐 + 𝟐𝟒𝒙

Ans. 𝑦 = 𝑥 3 − 9𝑥 2 + 24𝑥

Differentiating w. r. to 𝑥 , we get

𝑑𝑦
= 3(𝑥 2 ) − 9(2𝑥) + 24(1)
𝑑𝑥

SMS 25
 DERIVATIVE

𝑑𝑦
= 3𝑥 2 − 18𝑥 + 24
𝑑𝑥

Again differentiating w. r. to 𝑥 , we get

𝑑2𝑦
= 3(2𝑥) − 18(1)
𝑑𝑥 2

𝑑2𝑦
= 6𝑥 − 18
𝑑𝑥 2

c) 𝒚 = 𝐭𝐚𝐧−𝟏 𝒙

Ans. 𝑦 = tan−1 𝑥

Differentiating w. r. to 𝑥 , we get

𝑑𝑦 1
=
𝑑𝑥 1 + 𝑥 2

𝑑𝑦
= (1 + 𝑥 2 )−1
𝑑𝑥

Again differentiating w. r. to 𝑥 , we get

𝑑2𝑦 𝑑
2
= −(1 + 𝑥 2 )−2 (1 + 𝑥 2 )
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝑑2𝑦 −1 −2𝑥
= . (0 + 2𝑥) =
𝑑𝑥 2 (1 + 𝑥 2 )2 (1 + 𝑥 2 )2

d) √𝒙 + √𝒚 = √𝒂

Ans. √𝒙 + √𝒚 = √𝒂

Differentiating w. r. to 𝑥 , we get

1 1 𝑑𝑦
+ =0
2√𝑥 2√𝑦 𝑑𝑥

1 𝑑𝑦 −1
=
2√𝑦 𝑑𝑥 2√𝑥

SMS 26
 DERIVATIVE

𝑑𝑦 √𝑦
= −
𝑑𝑥 √𝑥

Again differentiating w. r. to 𝑥 , we get

𝑑 𝑑
𝑑2𝑦 √𝑥 𝑑𝑥 (√𝑦) − √𝑦 𝑑𝑥 (√𝑥)
= −[ 2 ]
𝑑𝑥 2 (√𝑥)

1 𝑑𝑦 1
√𝑥 −√𝑦
𝑑2 𝑦 2√𝑦𝑑𝑥 2√𝑥 𝑑𝑦 𝑦
= −[ ] ….. but = − √𝑥
𝑑𝑥 2 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 √

√𝑥 √𝑦 √𝑦 −1 √𝑦
(− ) −
2
𝑑 𝑦 2√ 𝑦 √ 𝑥 2√ 𝑥 2 − 2√𝑥
=− =−
𝑑𝑥 2 𝑥 𝑥
[ ] [ ]

√𝑦
2 1+
𝑑 𝑦 −1 √𝑥 = 1 (√𝑥 + √𝑦)
2
= −( )
𝑑𝑥 2 𝑥 2 𝑥 √𝑥
[ ]

𝒅𝟐 𝒚
Q.2 If 𝒚 = 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟓𝒙 − 𝟑 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟓𝒙 , prove that 𝒅𝒙𝟐
+ 𝟐𝟓𝒚 = 𝟎

Ans. 𝒚 = 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟓𝒙 − 𝟑 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟓𝒙

Differentiating w. r. to 𝑥 , we get

𝑑𝑦 𝑑 𝑑
= cos 5𝑥 (5𝑥) − 3(− sin 5𝑥) (5𝑥)
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝑑𝑦
= cos 5𝑥 (5) + 3 sin 5𝑥 (5)
𝑑𝑥

𝑑𝑦
= 5 cos 5𝑥 + 15 sin 5𝑥
𝑑𝑥

Again differentiating w. r. to 𝑥 , we get

𝑑2𝑦 𝑑 𝑑
= 5 ( − sin 5𝑥 ) ( 5𝑥 ) + 15 cos 5𝑥 (5𝑥)
𝑑𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥

SMS 27
 DERIVATIVE

𝑑2𝑦
= −5 sin 5𝑥 (5) + 15 cos 5𝑥 (5)
𝑑𝑥 2

𝑑2𝑦
= −25 sin 5𝑥 + 75 cos 5𝑥
𝑑𝑥 2

𝑑2𝑦
= −25(sin 5𝑥 − 3 cos 5𝑥)
𝑑𝑥 2

But 𝑦 = sin 5𝑥 − 3 cos 5𝑥

𝑑2𝑦
∴ = −25𝑦
𝑑𝑥 2

𝑑2𝑦
∴ + 25𝑦 = 0
𝑑𝑥 2

𝒅𝟐 𝒚 𝒅𝒚
Q.3 If 𝒚 = 𝐜𝐨𝐬(𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝒙) , prove that 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒙 + 𝒚=𝟎
𝒅𝒙𝟐 𝒅𝒙

Ans. 𝒚 = 𝐜𝐨𝐬(𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝒙)

Differentiating w. r. to 𝑥 , we get

𝑑𝑦 𝑑
= − sin(log 𝑥) (log 𝑥)
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝑑𝑦 1
= − sin(log 𝑥)
𝑑𝑥 𝑥

𝑑𝑦
𝑥 = − sin(log 𝑥)
𝑑𝑥

Again differentiating w. r. to 𝑥 , we get

𝑑2 𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑑
𝑥 2
+ . 1 = − cos(log 𝑥) (log 𝑥)
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝑑2 𝑦 𝑑𝑦 1
𝑥 2+ = − cos(log 𝑥)
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑥

𝑑2 𝑦 𝑑𝑦
𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 2 + 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = − cos(log 𝑥) but 𝒚 = 𝐜𝐨𝐬(𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝒙)

SMS 28
 DERIVATIVE
2 2
𝑑 𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑑 𝑦 𝑑𝑦
𝑥2 + 𝑥 = −𝑦 ∴ 𝑥2 + 𝑥 +𝑦 =0
𝑑𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥

APPLICATIONS OF DERIVATIVE

 Tangent and Normal Line

 The equation of Tangent to the given curve 𝒚 = 𝒇(𝒙) at given point

(𝒙𝟏 , 𝒚𝟏 ) is given by (𝒚 − 𝒚𝟏 ) = 𝒎(𝒙 − 𝒙𝟏 )

𝒅𝒚
Where 𝒎 is the slope of Tangent and it is given by 𝒎 = [𝒅𝒙]
(𝒙𝟏 ,𝒚𝟏 )
𝑑𝑦
i.e. the value of at given point (𝒙𝟏 , 𝒚𝟏 ).
𝑑𝑥

 The equation of Normal to the given curve 𝒚 = 𝒇(𝒙) at given point

(𝒙𝟏 , 𝒚𝟏 ) is given by (𝒚 − 𝒚𝟏 ) = 𝑴(𝒙 − 𝒙𝟏 )

−𝟏
Where 𝑴 is the slope of Normal and it is given by 𝑴 = 𝒎
−𝟏
i.e. 𝒔𝒍𝒐𝒑𝒆 𝒐𝒇 𝒏𝒐𝒓𝒎𝒂𝒍 = 𝒔𝒍𝒐𝒑𝒆 𝒐𝒇 𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒈𝒆𝒏𝒕

 Examples

1. Find the equation of tangent and normal to the curve

𝟒𝒙𝟐 + 𝟗𝒚𝟐 = 𝟒𝟎 at the point (1, 2).

Ans. 4𝑥 2 + 9𝑦 2 = 40

Differentiating w. r. to 𝑥, we get

𝑑𝑦
8𝑥 + 18𝑦 =0
𝑑𝑥

𝑑𝑦
18𝑦 = −8𝑥
𝑑𝑥

𝒅𝒚 −𝟒𝒙
=
𝒅𝒙 𝟗𝒚

−𝟒(𝟏) −𝟐
∴ Slope of Tangent at point (1,2); 𝒎= =
𝟗(𝟐) 𝟗

SMS 29
 DERIVATIVE
−𝟏 𝟗
And slope of Normal 𝑴 = =
𝒎 𝟐

∴ Equation of Tangent (𝒚 − 𝒚𝟏 ) = 𝒎(𝒙 − 𝒙𝟏 )

−2
(𝑦 − 2) = (𝑥 − 1)
9

9𝑦 − 18 = −2𝑥 + 2

2𝑥 + 9𝑦 − 20 = 0

And Equation of Normal (𝒚 − 𝒚𝟏 ) = 𝑴(𝒙 − 𝒙𝟏 )

9
(𝑦 − 2) = (𝑥 − 1)
2

2𝑦 − 4 = 9𝑥 − 9

−9𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 5 = 0

2. Find the equation of tangent and normal to the curve

𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 − 𝟑𝒙 + 𝟒𝒚 − 𝟑𝟏 = 𝟎 at the point (-2,3).

Ans. 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 − 𝟑𝒙 + 𝟒𝒚 − 𝟑𝟏 = 𝟎

Differentiating w. r. to 𝑥, we get

𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦
2𝑥 + 2𝑦 −3+4 −0=0
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝑑𝑦
(2𝑦 + 4) = 3 − 2𝑥
𝑑𝑥

𝒅𝒚 𝟑 − 𝟐𝒙
=
𝒅𝒙 𝟐𝒚 + 𝟒

𝟑−𝟐(−𝟐) 𝟕
∴ Slope of Tangent at point (−2, 3); 𝒎= = 𝟏𝟎
𝟐(𝟑)+𝟒

−𝟏 −𝟏𝟎
And slope of Normal 𝑴 = =
𝒎 𝟕

∴ Equation of Tangent (𝒚 − 𝒚𝟏 ) = 𝒎(𝒙 − 𝒙𝟏 )

SMS 30
 DERIVATIVE
7
(𝑦 − 3) = (𝑥 + 2)
10

10𝑦 − 30 = 7𝑥 + 14

−7𝑥 + 10𝑦 − 44 = 0

And Equation of Normal (𝒚 − 𝒚𝟏 ) = 𝑴(𝒙 − 𝒙𝟏 )

−10
(𝑦 − 3) = (𝑥 + 2)
7

7𝑦 − 21 = −10𝑥 − 20

10𝑥 + 7𝑦 − 1 = 0

3. Find the equation of tangent and normal to the curve

𝟏𝟑𝒙𝟑 + 𝟐𝒙𝟐 𝒚 + 𝒚𝟑 = 𝟏 at the point (1,-2).

Ans. 13𝑥 3 + 2𝑥 2 𝑦 + 𝑦 3 = 1

Differentiating w. r. to 𝑥, we get

𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦
13(3𝑥 2 ) + 2 [𝑥 2 + 𝑦(2𝑥)] + 3𝑦 2 =0
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦
39𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 2 + 4𝑥𝑦 + 3𝑦 2 =0
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝑑𝑦
(2𝑥 2 + 3𝑦 2 ) = −39𝑥 2 − 4𝑥𝑦
𝑑𝑥

𝒅𝒚 −𝟑𝟗𝒙𝟐 − 𝟒𝒙𝒚
=
𝒅𝒙 𝟐𝒙𝟐 + 𝟑𝒚𝟐

−𝟑𝟗(𝟏)𝟐 −𝟒(𝟏)(−𝟐)
∴ Slope of Tangent at point (1, −2); 𝒎= 𝟐(𝟏)𝟐 +𝟑(−𝟐)𝟐

−𝟑𝟗 + 𝟖 −𝟑𝟏
𝒎= =
𝟐 + 𝟏𝟐 𝟏𝟒

−𝟏 𝟏𝟒
And slope of Normal 𝑴 = = 𝟑𝟏
𝒎

∴ Equation of Tangent (𝒚 − 𝒚𝟏 ) = 𝒎(𝒙 − 𝒙𝟏 )

SMS 31
 DERIVATIVE

−31
(𝑦 + 2) = (𝑥 − 1)
14

14𝑦 + 28 = −31𝑥 + 31

31𝑥 + 14𝑦 − 3 = 0

And Equation of Normal (𝒚 − 𝒚𝟏 ) = 𝑴(𝒙 − 𝒙𝟏 )

14
(𝑦 + 2) = (𝑥 − 1)
31

31𝑦 + 62 = 14𝑥 − 14

−14𝑥 + 31𝑦 + 76 = 0

𝒙 𝒎 𝒚 𝒎
4. Show that the equation of tangent to the curve (𝒂) + (𝒃) = 𝟐
𝒙 𝒚
at the point (a, b) is +𝒃=𝟐
𝒂

𝒙 𝒎 𝒚 𝒎
Ans. (𝒂) + (𝒃) = 𝟐

Differentiating w. r. to 𝑥, we get

𝑥 𝑚−1 𝑑 𝑥 𝑦 𝑚−1
𝑚( ) ( )+𝑚( )
𝑎 𝑑𝑥 𝑎 𝑏

𝑑 𝑦
( )=0
𝑑𝑥 𝑏

𝑥 𝑚−1 1 𝑦 𝑚−1 1 𝑑𝑦
𝑚( ) ( )+𝑚( ) ( ) =0
𝑎 𝑎 𝑏 𝑏 𝑑𝑥

𝑑𝑦
In this example, we find the value of at given point (𝑎, 𝑏)
𝑑𝑥
∴ Put 𝑥 = 𝑎 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑦 = 𝑏 in above equation. (This is the direct
method to find slope of tangent)

𝑎 𝑚−1 1 𝑏 𝑚−1 1 𝑑𝑦
𝑚( ) ( )+𝑚( ) ( ) =0
𝑎 𝑎 𝑏 𝑏 𝑑𝑥

1 1 𝑑𝑦
𝑚(1)𝑚−1 ( ) + 𝑚(1)𝑚−1 ( ) =0
𝑎 𝑏 𝑑𝑥

SMS 32
 DERIVATIVE

1 1 𝑑𝑦
𝑚( )+𝑚( ) =0
𝑎 𝑏 𝑑𝑥

1 1 𝑑𝑦
+ =0
𝑎 𝑏 𝑑𝑥

1 𝑑𝑦 1 𝑑𝑦 𝑏
=− ∴ =−
𝑏 𝑑𝑥 𝑎 𝑑𝑥 𝑎

𝑏
∴ 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑙𝑜𝑝𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑡 = −
𝑎

∴ Equation of Tangent (𝒚 − 𝒚𝟏 ) = (𝒔𝒍𝒐𝒑𝒆)(𝒙 − 𝒙𝟏 )

−𝑏
(𝑦 − 𝑏) = (𝑥 − 𝑎)
𝑎

𝑎𝑦 − 𝑎𝑏 = −𝑏𝑥 + 𝑎𝑏

𝑏𝑥 + 𝑎𝑦 = 2𝑎𝑏 … . 𝑑𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑏𝑦 𝑎𝑏 𝑤𝑒 𝑔𝑒𝑡

𝒙 𝒚
+ =𝟐
𝒂 𝒃

 Maxima and Minima

To find the Maximum and Minimum value of the given function 𝒚 = 𝒇(𝒙)

Method:
𝒅𝒚
Step1) Find
𝒅𝒙

𝒅𝒚
Step2) Let = 𝟎 and solve this equation for the values of 𝒙.
𝒅𝒙
Suppose we get 𝒙 = 𝒂 , 𝒙 = 𝒃 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒙 = 𝒄
𝒅𝟐 𝒚
Step3) Find
𝒅𝒙𝟐

𝒅𝟐 𝒚
i. If at 𝒙 = 𝒂 , the value of is negative
𝒅𝒙𝟐
Then we say that the function is maximum at 𝒙 = 𝒂
And Maximum value of the function is 𝒇(𝒂)

SMS 33
 DERIVATIVE

𝒅𝟐 𝒚
ii. If at 𝒙 = 𝒃 , the value of is positive
𝒅𝒙𝟐
Then we say that the function is minimum at 𝒙 = 𝒃
And Minimum value of the function is 𝒇(𝒃)

𝒅𝟐 𝒚
iii. If at 𝒙 = 𝒄 , the value of is equal to zero
𝒅𝒙𝟐
Then we say that the function is neither maximum nor minimum at
𝒙=𝒄

 Examples

1. Find the maximum and minimum values of the following

functions:
𝒙𝟑 − 𝟗𝒙𝟐 + 𝟐𝟒𝒙

Ans. Let 𝑦 = 𝑥 3 − 9𝑥 2 + 24𝑥

Differentiating w. r. to 𝑥

𝑑𝑦
= 3𝑥 2 − 18𝑥 + 24
𝑑𝑥

Again differentiating w. r. to 𝑥

d2 y
= 6x − 18
dx 2

𝑑𝑦
Now let =0
𝑑𝑥

∴ 3𝑥 2 − 18𝑥 + 24 = 0

𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 + 8 = 0

(𝑥 − 2)(𝑥 − 4) = 0

∴ 𝑤𝑒 𝑔𝑒𝑡 𝑥 = 2 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑥 = 4

d2 y
At 𝑥 = 2, = 6(2) − 18 = −6 = −𝑣𝑒
dx2

The function is maximum at 𝑥 = 2

SMS 34
 DERIVATIVE
∴ 𝑀𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 = 𝑓(2) = (2)3 2
− 9(2) + 24(2)

= 8 − 36 + 48 = 20

d2 y
And at 𝑥 = 4, = 6(4) − 18 = +6 = +𝑣𝑒
dx2

The function is minimum at 𝑥 = 4

∴ 𝑀𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 = 𝑓(4) = (4)3 − 9(4)2 + 24(4)

= 64 − 144 + 96 = 16

2. Find the maximum and minimum values of the following

functions:
𝒙𝟑 − 𝒙𝟐 − 𝟓𝒙 + 𝟏𝟑

Ans. Let 𝑦 = 𝑥 3 − 𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 + 13

Differentiating w. r. to 𝑥

𝑑𝑦
= 3𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 − 5 + 0
𝑑𝑥

𝑑𝑦
= 3𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 − 5
𝑑𝑥

Again differentiating w. r. to 𝑥

d2 y
= 6x − 2
dx 2

𝑑𝑦
Now let 𝑑𝑥
=0

∴ 3𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 − 5 = 0

3𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 − 5𝑥 − 5 = 0

3𝑥(𝑥 + 1) − 5(𝑥 + 1) = 0

(𝑥 + 1)(3𝑥 − 5) = 0

5
∴ 𝑤𝑒 𝑔𝑒𝑡 𝑥 = −1 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑥 =
3

SMS 35
 DERIVATIVE

d2 y
At 𝑥 = −1, = 6(−1) − 2 = −8 = −𝑣𝑒
dx2

The function is maximum at 𝑥 = −1

∴ 𝑀𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 = 𝑓(−1)

= (−1)3 − (−1)2 − 5(−1) + 13 = −1 − 1 + 5 + 13 = 16

5 d2 y 5
And at 𝑥 = 3, = 6 (3) − 2 = 10 − 2 = +8 = +𝑣𝑒
dx2

5
The function is minimum at 𝑥 = 3

5
∴ 𝑀𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 = 𝑓 ( )
3

5 3 5 2 5 125 25 25
= ( ) − ( ) − 5 ( ) + 13 = − − + 13
3 3 3 27 9 3

125 − 75 − 225 + 351 176

= =
27 27

3. Divide 80 into two parts such that their product is maximum.

Ans. Let first part of 80 = 𝒙

∴ Second part of 80 = 80 − 𝑥

∴ Product of these two parts is given by

𝑷 = 𝒙(𝟖𝟎 − 𝒙)

𝑷 = 𝟖𝟎𝒙 − 𝒙𝟐

Differentiating w. r. to 𝑥

𝑑𝑃
= 80 − 2𝑥
𝑑𝑥

Again differentiating w. r. to 𝑥

SMS 36
 DERIVATIVE
2
d 𝑃
= −2
dx 2

𝑑𝑃
Now let =0
𝑑𝑥

∴ 80 − 2𝑥 = 0

∴ 𝑥 = 40

d2 𝑃
Since = −2 = −ve
dx2

∴ We say that Product is maximum when 𝑥 = 40

∴ First part of 80 = 40

And Second part of 80 = 80 − 𝑥 = 80 − 40 = 40

 MCQ BANK

1) Derivative of 4 𝑥 w. r. to 𝑥 is

(a) 4𝑥 (b) 4𝑥 log 4 (c) 𝑥 4 log 4 (d) 𝑥 4 log 4

2) Derivative of sin−1 (cos 𝑥) w. r. to 𝑥 is

a) -1 (b) 1 (c) cos−1 (𝑥) (d) sin−1(𝑥)

𝑑𝑦
3) If 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 4 then = -------
𝑑𝑥

𝑦 𝑥2 −𝑥 −𝑦 2
(a) (b) (c) (d)
𝑥 𝑦2 𝑦 𝑥2

𝑑𝑦
4) If 𝑦 = sec −1 (𝑥) then = ------
𝑑𝑥
1 −1 1 −1
(a) (b) (c) (d)
𝑥√𝑥 2 −1 𝑥√𝑥 2 −1 √𝑥 2 −1 √𝑥 2 −1

𝑑𝑦
5) If 𝑥 = cos 𝜃 and 𝑦 = sin 𝜃 then = -----
𝑑𝑥

(a) − cot 𝜃 (b) cot 𝜃 (c) tan 𝜃 (d) −tan 𝜃

SMS 37
 DERIVATIVE
𝑑𝑦
6) If 𝑦 = log(sec 𝑥 + tan 𝑥) then is
𝑑𝑥

(a) cosec 𝑥 (b) sec 𝑥 (c) tan 𝑥 (d) cot 𝑥

1−cos 2𝑥 𝑑𝑦
7) If 𝑦 = √ then is
1+cos 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥

(a) 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥 (b) sin 2𝑥 (c) 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥 (d) cos 2𝑥

8) Derivative of 𝑥 𝑥 w. r. to 𝑥 is

(a) 𝑥 𝑥 (1 + log 𝑥) (b) 𝑥 𝑥 log 𝑥 (c) 1 + log 𝑥 (d) log 𝑥

𝑑𝑦
9) If 𝑦 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1 (√1 − 𝑥 2 ) then is
𝑑𝑥
−1 1
a) sin−1 𝑥 (b) cos −1 𝑥 (c) √1−𝑥2
(d) √1−𝑥2

𝑑𝑦
10) If 𝒚 = sin−1 (3𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 − 4𝑠𝑖𝑛3 𝑥) then is
𝑑𝑥

(a) 3 (b) −3 (c) 3𝑥 (d) −3𝑥

𝑑𝑦 𝜋
11) If 𝑥 = 𝑎 sin 𝜃 and 𝑦 = 𝑎 cos 𝜃 then at 𝛳 = is
𝑑𝑥 4

(a) 1 (b) -1 (c) 2 (d) -2

𝑑𝑦
12) If 𝑦 = 𝑥 𝑎 + 𝑎 𝑥 + 𝑎𝑎 then is
𝑑𝑥

(a) 𝑎 𝑥 log 𝑎 (b) 𝑎𝑥 𝑎−1 (c) a 𝑎𝑥 𝑎−1 + 𝑎 𝑥 log 𝑎 (d) none of these

𝒅𝟐 𝒚
13) If 𝑦 = 2 sin 2𝑥 − 5 cos 2𝑥 then is
𝒅𝒙𝟐

(a) -4y (b) 4y (c) 25y (d) -25y

𝒅𝟐 𝒚
14) If 𝑦 = 𝑥 4 + 𝑥 3 − 2𝑥 2 + 5 then is
𝒅𝒙𝟐

(a) 4𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 + 4 (b) 12𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 − 4 (c) 𝑥 2 + 1 (d) 𝑥 2 + 4

𝑑𝑦
15) If 𝑒 𝑥+𝑦 = 𝑥𝑦 then is
𝑑𝑥

𝑥(1−𝑦) 𝑦(1−𝑥) 𝑥(1−𝑥) 𝑥(𝑦−1)

(a) (b) (c) (d)
𝑦(𝑥−1) 𝑥(𝑦−1) 𝑦(1−𝑦) 𝑦(1−𝑥)

SMS 38
 DERIVATIVE
𝑑𝑦
16) If 𝑦 = 𝑥 log 𝑦 then is
𝑑𝑥

𝑦2 𝑦2 𝑦2 𝑥−𝑦
(a) (b) (c) (d)
𝑥(𝑦−𝑥) 𝑥(𝑥+𝑦) 𝑦(𝑥−𝑦) 𝑥(1−𝑥)

1−𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥 𝑑𝑦
17) If 𝒚 = tan−1 ( ) then is
𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑥 𝑑𝑥

1
(a) 1 (b) -1 (c) 0 (d) 2

𝑑𝑦
18) If 𝑥 2 + 3𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 2 = 11 then is at (1, 2)
𝑑𝑥
9 4 −8 −11
(a) (b) (c) (d)
3 5 7 9

𝒅𝟐 𝒚 𝑑𝑦
19) If 𝑦 = sin(𝑚sin−1 x) then (1 − 𝑥 2 ) −x = . . ..
𝒅𝒙𝟐 𝑑𝑥

(a) 𝑚𝑦 (b) 𝑚2 𝑦 (c) −𝑚𝑦 (d) −𝑚2 𝑦

𝑦 𝑑𝑦
20) If log(𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 ) = 2 tan−1 ( ) then is
𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑥−𝑦 𝑥+𝑦 𝑦−𝑥 𝑦+𝑥
(a) (b) (c) (d)
𝑥+𝑦 𝑥−𝑦 𝑥+𝑦 𝑥−𝑦

𝒅𝟐 𝒚
21) If 𝑥 = 𝑎𝑡 2 and 𝑦 = 2𝑎𝑡 then is
𝒅𝒙𝟐
−1 −1 −1 1
(a) (b) (c) (d)
𝑡2 2𝑎𝑡 2 2𝑎𝑡 3 𝑡

𝑑𝑦 𝜋
22) If 𝑥 = 𝑎(2𝜃 − sin2 𝜃) , 𝑦 = 𝑎(1 − cos2 𝜃) then at 𝜃 = is
𝑑𝑥 4

(a) 2 (b) 0 (c) -1 (d) 1

3−2𝑥 𝑑𝑦
23) If 𝑦 = tan−1 ( ) then is
1+6𝑥 𝑑𝑥

2 1 −2 1
(a) (b) (c) (d)
1+4𝑥 2 1+4𝑥 2 1+4𝑥 2 1+36𝑥 2

24) Differentiate 𝐜𝐨𝐬 −𝟏 (𝟐𝒙𝟐 − 𝟏) w. r. to 𝐬𝐢𝐧−𝟏 (𝟐𝒙√𝟏 − 𝒙𝟐 )

a) 0 (b) 1 (c) -1 (d) ∞

𝑑𝑦
25) If 𝑥 3 𝑦 2 = (𝑥 + 𝑦)5 then is
𝑑𝑥
𝑥 𝑦 −2𝑥 −𝑦
a) 𝑦
(b) 𝑥
(c) 𝑦
(d) 𝑥

SMS 39